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PubMed1977

Pituitary response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone after induced abortion in the first and second trimesters.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (100 microng) was administered subcutaneously to healthy female volunteers 2 and 4 weeks after induced abortion in the first trimester (group A) and the midtrimester (group B). Four patients were studied in each group. The response to LHRH was determined in terms of plasma LH and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Adequate pituitary response occurred in subjects of group A at both 2 and 4 weeks. In group B pituitary unresponsiveness was found at 2 weeks which persisted to some extent at 4 weeks. These data are in accord with the pituitary unresponsiveness observed after termination of pregnancy at term and suggest that the duration of pregnancy has an influence on the development of this unresponsiveness.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Germinal cell aplasia: response of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone to LH/FSH-releasing hormone with histopathologic correlation.

Five male patients with infertility due to biopsy-proven germinal cell aplasia were given a 100-microng bolus of luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-releasing hormone (LRH), and the resultant LH, FSH, and testosterone responses were correlated with their histologic patterns on testicular biopsy. The basal and stimulated FSH values were elevated in four of five patients. Basal LH values were elevated in three patients, while two clearly had exaggerated LH and testosterone responses to LRH. Although there was little correlation between various parameters, elevated basal LH values were associated with Leydig cell hyperplasia. Higher basal FSH levels were present when fibrosis and complete aplasia of germinal elements were found in the same biopsy specimen, and the magnitude of the FSH response to LRH correlated positively with the basal concentration. The findings of elevated basal LH values, an exaggerated LH response to LRH, lack of testosterone response, and Leydig cell hyperplasia indicate a definite disturbance of the LH-testosterone axis in many patients with germinal cell aplasia. Therefore, the regulation of secretion of both gonadotropins appears to be abnormal in this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, ovariectomy, and silastic vaginal rings in the Rhesus monkey.

The interaction of estradiol and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) may be a critical physiologic mechanism regulating the occurrence of ovulation in many species. These studies were conducted to assess (1) the effects of intramuscular injections of LRH in the intact female rhesus monkey and (2) the effects of estradiol in a Silastic delivery system in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys. No changes in blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were detected in response to 200 micrograms of LRH. Ovulation did not occur 48 hours after treatment. Ovariectomy decreased estradiol, increased LH, and had no effect on prolactin concentrations in sera. Insertion of a vaginal ring containing 10% estradiol increased blood estradiol levels 100-fold. Serum prolactin levels were unaffected; however, LH concentrations were altered in a multiphasic fashion. After the ring had been in place for 15 days, vaginal blood similar to menstrual flow was observed following removal.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pregnancy following thyroid hormone treatment in a patient with amenorrhea-galactorrhea due to primary hypothyroidism.

A 32-year-old female with amenorrhea-galactorrhea due to primary hypothyroidism was treated with thyroid hormones, and serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), and T3 resin sponge uptake (RT3U) were measured throughout the course of treatment. The elevated serum levels of TSH and PRL fell into the normal range following T3 treatment. Subsequently, the menstrual cycle was restored within 1 month, and galactorrhea completely ceased and conception was achieved within 3 months. Desiccated thyroid was administered during pregnancy, and the patient gave birth to a female infant. Impaired secretion of PRL during pregnancy and poor milk secretion with blunted response of PRL to the suckling stimulus during the puerperium were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of aging on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis in female rats.

The failure of reproductive function in aged rats could be due to deficiencies at the level of the ovary, pituitary, hypothalamus, or higher brain centers. The classic explanation that the ovary is depleted of follicles does not receive adequate support on the basis of histologic studies of aged ovaries. Basal serum gonadotropin levels change with increasing age in female rats. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels rise while serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels fall. Likewise, the characteristic response to castration is markedly altered in aged female rats with a reduced secretion of FSH and a minimal elevation of LH. However, the pituitaires of these animals are still caapable of responding to exogenous LH-releasing hormone with a delayed LH response whose magnitude simulates that seen in younger female animals. With increasing age there is decreased pituitary and/or hypothalamic sensitivity to the feedback action of estradiol. These data are consistent with the postulation that there is an altered hypothalamic-hypophyseal function in aged rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Ovulation in PMS-treated rats with gonadotropin releasing hormone after pentobarbital and melatonin block.

The immature rat that has been induced to ovulate with pregnant mare serum (PMS) has proven to be a valuable model for the study of antiovulatory compounds. This paper describes an extension of this model in order to attempt to study the site of action of substances such as pentobarbital and a pineal compound, melatonin. A first experiment was designed to define a specific time for injecting pentobarbital in order to inhibit ovulation. In this study immature female rats were given injections with 25 IU PMS; pentobarbital was given at various times after PMS treatment. This study showed that sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibits LH release and ovulation when rats have been anesthetized between 2 and 6 p.m. on day 2 after PMS treatment. In a second experiment ovulation was blocked with pentobarbital (35 mg/kg, i.p., beginning at 12 noon and at 2 p.m. on day 2 after PMS treatment) and completely restored to normal with the s.c. injection of 2 mug GnRH at 2 and 4 p.m. on day 2 after PMS treatment. In the third experiment, varying doses of GnRH were studied for their capacity to overcome the pentobarbital block. This study showed that 2 mug, 1 mug, 500 ng, and 250 ng of GnRH at 2 and 4 p.m. on day 2 after PMS treatment were equipotent in causing ovulation. In a fourth experiment ovulation was blocked with melatonin and this block was overcome with exogenous GnRH. In the last study exogenous GnRH was shown to restore ovulation after being blocked by both melatonin and pentobarbital. This evidence suggests that pentobarbital and melatonin inhibit ovulation by inhibiting the secretion of endogenous GnRH.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of a new LH-RH analogue (D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH) on gonadotrophin and gonadal steroid secretion in men.

The effect of a new analogue of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone LH-RH, D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH, on the secretion of LH, FSH, as well as testosterone, oestradiol, HGH, prolactin, TSH, and cortisol was studied in normal men. The same subjects were injected intravenously in 4-day intervals with 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mug of this substance. A significant LH but no FSH release was seen after doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mug LH-RH analogue, while after 5.0 and 10.0 mug dose-dependent increases of LH and imposed elevations of FSH were observed. Peak levels of LH were reached after 30 min, those of FSH after intravenous injection after 120 min. LH and FSH remained elevated for 8-10 h. LH peak levels after 5 mug of LH-RH analogue were comparable to those seen after injection of 100 mug of the decapeptide LH-RH. Following the release of LH and FSH after doses of 5.0 and 10.0 mug LH-RH analogue, there was a late stimulating effect in testosterone and oestradiol secretion. HGH, TSH, prolactin, and cortisol were not influenced by the LH-RH analogue.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

On differences between the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges of 4- and 5-day cyclic rats.

Preovulatory LH surges were studied in rats with ovarian cycles of 4 days (4d-rats) and 5 days (5d-rats). In 5d-rats the maximal peak height was about twice that observed in 4d-rats, whereas in 4d-rats peaks occurred about 1-5 h later than in 5d-rats and were much less consistently timed. From experiments in which LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) was infused into pentobarbitone-blocked pro-oestrous rats, it was concluded that (a) differences between the two types of preovulatory LH surges originate within the central nervous system, and (b) pro-oestrous LH-RH secretion may not be restricted to the period in which increased LH levels in blood were found, but may exceed this period for a considerable time.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Chronologic and quantitative modalities of luteinization and ovulation in the female rat exposed to FSH action at the beginning of 4-day cycles].

Female Wistar rats were injected with two successive doses of 150 mug FSH on dioestrus I (5 p. m.) and dioestrus II (9 a.m.) of 4-day cycles. Superovulation and formation of an increased number of corpora lutea with included oocytes occurred in these animals. Meprobamate or pentobarbitone injections at 11.30 a.m. et 1.30 p.m. respectively completely blocked ovulation and luteinization phenomena in FSH-treated females. Ovulation normally occurred in FSH-treated females injected with meprobamate at 5.30 p.m. It was concluded that no modification of timing of the 'critical period' resulted from FSH treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary and ovarian response to acute stimulation with LH-RH in normal and anovulatory women.

The LH FSH estradiol and progesterone responses to acute stimulation with LH-RH were studied in 12 normal women with ovulatory cycles (4 in the initial follicular phase, 4 in the mid-follicular phase and 4 in the late follicular phase) and in two castrated women, two under hormonal contraception, two with ovarian amenorrhea, twelve with central amenorrhea of no detectable origin (6 with normal and 6 with low basal gonadotrophins), eleven anovulatory patients with pseudomenstruation, two with anorexia nervosa, and two with pituitary amenorrhea. Each woman received a rapid i.v. injection of 100 microgram synthetic LH-RH at 9:00 a.m. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay in samples collected before and 60, 120, 240 and 480 minutes after injection. The findings were : 1) A significant rise in estradiol and progesterone levels, in addition to LH and FSH elevation, in normal women; 2) A lack of ovarian steroid response in the castrated women and in ovarian amenorrheas, which suggests that the source of steroid response to stimulation is not extragonadal; 3) Significant differences in the responses of the four hormones to LH-RH in the women with central amenorrhea in comparison with the normal group with great variability of results; the steroid response in the presence of a positive LH response might correlate with the severity and/or prognosis of the disorder, a point deserving further study; 4) In anovulatory women with pseudomenstruation, LH responses for the most part normal, and particularly, progesterone responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Postnidatory effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in hamsters.

Whereas the administration of LHRH to pregnant hamsters has no effect during the prenidatory period, the hormone is effective in terminating pregnancy when given after implantation (days 6-10). The ED50 for pregnancy termination over this period approximates a dose of 0.35-0.4 mg b.i.d. When given to pregnant females in a second study, the effects of LHRH at this dose were completely reverse by minute doses of progesterone (30 microgram and above). Finally, administration of LHRH at 1.5 mg b.i.d., from days 6-10 was followed by daily sacrifice through day 12; bloods were sampled at autopsy for progesterone evaluation. Autopsies on days 7 and 8 showed few differences between controls and LHRH-treated hamsters, although decreased weights of the uterine/conceptus units signaled the initation of resorption. Significant LHRH-induced decreases in circulating progesterone were seen by day 9. Fetal resorption continued and was essentially complete by day 11, while progesterone levels continued depressed through the end of the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary responses in LH secretion to LHRH during pregnancy.

Thirty-six pregnant women and 15 normally menstruating women were each given 100 microng of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) by a single intravenous injection. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were determined by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) technics. For the determination of the serum LH levels, the LHbeta-RIA method, which is unaffected by hCG at sample levels as high as 500 IU/ml, was used. Serum concentrations of LH and FSH were lower in pregnant women than in the normal women in the follicular and luteal phases. While the release of LH was observed in pregnant women following the administration of LHRH, the average net increase was less than that seen in both the follicular and luteal phases. During pregnancy, there was a progressive decrease in the LH response to LHRH, but no release of FSH.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gonadotropins before and after LHRH in male infertility (259 cases) (author's transl)].

In primary hypogonadism (n=73) FSH basal levels and responses are elevated. LH basal levels and/or responses are elevated in 68 cases. In idiophatic oligospermia FSH and/or response are elevated in 28% cases, normal in 68% cases, decreased in 4% cases. LH and/or LH response are elevated in 44% cases normal in 53% cases and decreased in 4% cases. High significant correlation is found between FSH basal levels and FSH response, and between FSH and LH response.

Drug Evaluation↗