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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Antitumor activity of four macrocyclic ellagitannins from Cuphea hyssopifolia.

We evaluated the antitumor activities of four macrocyclic hydrolyzable tannin dimers, cuphiin D1, cuphiin D2, oenothein B and woodfordin C isolated from Cuphea hyssopifolia (Lythraceae). All significantly inhibited the growth of the human carcinoma cell lines KB, HeLa, DU-145, Hep 3B, and the leukemia cell line HL-60, and showed less cytotoxicity than adriamycin against a normal cell line (WISH). All four compounds inhibited the viability of S-180 tumor cells in an in vitro assay and an in vivo S-180 tumor-bearing ICR mice model. Oenothein B demonstrated the greatest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 11.4 microg/ml) against S-180 tumor cells in culture, while cuphiin D1 resulted in the greatest increase in survival on S-180 tumor-bearing mice (%ILS = 84.1%). Our findings suggest that the antitumor effects of these compounds are not only related to their cytotoxicity on carcinoma cell lines, but also depended on a host-mediated mechanism; they may therefore have potential for antitumor applications.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Free radical scavenging activity of Lafoensia pacari.

The methanolic extract of the stem bark of Lafoensia pacari (Lythraceae) showed free radical scavenging activity in the diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) decoloration assay and inhibited the enzyme xanthine oxidase 'in vitro'. Bioassay-guided isolation led to ellagic acid (EA) as the main active compound of Brazilian and Paraguayan collections of the plant.

Alcohols↗
PubMed2002

Indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids.

This review covers the isolation, structure determination, synthesis and biological activity of indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids from microbial, plant and animal sources. Included in the review are slaframine; hydroxylated indolizidines and their analogues; alkaloids from ants and amphibians; metabolites of the genera Prosopis, Streptomyces and Nuphar and the Lythraceae; phenanthroindolizidines and related alkaloids; lupin alkaloids; and alkaloids from sponges. tunicates and coccinellid beetles. The literature from July 2000 to June 2001 is reviewed, and 172 references are cited.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1989

Cuphea: a new plant source of medium-chain fatty acids.

The plant genus Cuphea (family Lythraceae) promises to provide a new source of industrially and nutritionally important medium-chain fatty acids, especially of lauric acid now supplied exclusively by coconut and palm kernel oils from foreign sources. The seed lipids of Cuphea were first discovered in the 1960s to contain high percentages of several medium-chain fatty acids, including caprylic, capric, lauric, and myristic acid. Research is still in the early stages, but it is intensifying toward the goal of developing the genus into a new temperate climate crop for production of specialty oils. Given the diversity of Cuphea seed lipid composition and the wide ecological and distributional range of the genus, it may be possible to tailor crops to produce selected fatty acids on demand under a variety of growing conditions. Cuphea comprises about 260 species, most native to the New World tropics. Its morphology, classification, chromosome numbers, distribution, ecology, and folk uses are presented. Seed structure is described and seed lipid composition for 73 species is summarized. Problems in domestication and agronomic progress are reviewed. Knowledge of the biosynthetic mechanism controlling the lipids produced by Cuphea remains very limited. Future research in this area, and particularly successful employment of gene transfer techniques, may allow genes controlling the mechanism to be transferred to an already established seed oil producer such as rapeseed. Presently, both traditional plant breeding techniques and newer biotechnological methods are directed toward Cuphea oilseed development.

Fatty Acids↗
PubMed2006

Quantification of para-phenylenediamine and heavy metals in henna dye.

Henna (Lawsonia inermis, family Lythraceae) is a shrub cultivated in India, Sri Lanka and North Africa and contains the active dye lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone). Henna dye is obtained from the dried leaves, which are powdered and mixed with oil or water and are used to prepare hair and body dyes. Temporary henna tattoos are readily available worldwide, last on the skin for several weeks and offer a self-limited, convenient alternative to a permanent tattoo. The addition of para-phenylenediamine (PPD), which is widely recognised as a sensitizer, increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis from henna tattoo mixtures, and a number of cases have been reported. We examined 15 henna samples available in Korea for the presence of PPD and heavy metals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead and mercury using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), mercury analyser and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. PPD, nickel and cobalt were detected in 3, 11 and 4 samples, respectively.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

Woodfordin C, a macro-ring hydrolyzable tannin dimer with antitumor activity, and accompanying dimers from Woodfordia fruticosa flowers.

Three new dimeric hydrolyzable tannins, woodfordins A, B and C, along with seven known hydrolyzable tannins, including oenothein B, a dimer exhibiting marked host-mediated antitumor activity, were isolated from an Indonesian crude drug, Sidowayah [dried flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz (Lythraceae)]. The structures of the new tannins were elucidated based on chemical and spectral evidence. Woodfordin C, having a macro-ring structure, was also found to exhibit a significant antitumor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Constituents of the leaves of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. I. Isolation, structure, and proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signal assignments of woodfruticosin (woodfordin C), an inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid topoisomerase II.

Woodfruticosin (woodfordin C), a new cyclic dimeric hydrolyzable tannin having an inhibitory activity toward deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) topoisomerase II, has been isolated from the leaves of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz (Lythraceae) along with three known flavonol glycosides and three known flavonol glycoside gallates. The structure of wood fruticosin (woodfordin C) was determined by the use of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2-D NMR) spectroscopy including heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC) techniques. Detailed analyses of the proton and carbon-13 NMR (1H- and 13C-NMR) spectra of six known flavonoids were performed.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed2003

A new triterpenoid isolated from Lagerstronemia speciosa (L.) Pers.

A new triterpenoid along with four known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Lagerstronemia speciosa (L.) PERS. (Lythraceae). On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the new compound was established as 3beta,23-dihydroxy-1-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid.

Lagerstroemia↗
PubMed2003

Activation of insulin receptors by lagerstroemin.

Lagerstroemin, an ellagitannin isolated from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae), was examined for its biological activities. In rat adipocytes, the compound increased the rate of glucose uptake and decreased the isoproterenol-induced glycerol release. In Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human insulin receptors, it increased the Erk activity. These insulin-like actions were accompanied by the increased tyrosine-phosphorylation of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptors. Tryptic digestion of the extracellular sites of the insulin receptors markedly increased the effective concentrations of insulin without changing those of lagerstroemin. Thus lagerstroemin was considered to cause its insulin-like actions by a mechanism different from that employed by insulin.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2004

Removal of phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices using ultrafiltration and laccase-ultrafiltration combinations.

Phenolic compounds of fruit juices are responsible for haze and sediment formation as well as for color, bitterness and astringency. The influence of ultrafiltration (UF) and laccase-UF combination was investigated on phenolic contents of pomegranate juices and on filtration output. Laccase-treated and then ultrafiltered pomegranate juices have shown a rapid increase in their color, when compared to only ultrafiltered (control) samples. Kinetic parameters of laccase were also determined. During the oxidation period, the changes occurring in pomegranate juices were estimated from phenolic contents, color and anthocyanin measurements. Results have shown that laccase oxidation produced a significant decrease in phenolic content of pomegranate juices while juice color the increased. However, in recent literatures, the possibility to remove polyphenols in apple juices was reported. We decided in this study that laccase treatment can not be applied due to the loss of natural red color and unwanted dark brownish color formation in pomegranate juice.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2003

Study on the development of pomegranate juice processing technology: clarification of pomegranate juice.

The effects of clarification agents and methods on pomegranate juice quality were studied. Fruits were pressed as whole, and extracted juice was clarified with gelatin, polyvinylypolypyrrolidone (PVPP) and natural sedimentation. In order to determine the effects of these clarifying techniques on product quality, pH, total phenolic substances (TPS), anthocyanin, turbidity, and total colour density tests were applied to each sample. In clarification, the main purpose was to reduce the amount of phenolic substances. Phenolic substances were controlled in each clarification method. The most effective method was the application of 1 g/L gelatine for clarification. Sensory evaluation also applied for clarified juices and gelatin application was selected by panelists to be superior.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2005

Anthocyanin- and hydrolyzable tannin-rich pomegranate fruit extract modulates MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways and inhibits skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice.

Chemoprevention has come of age as an effective cancer control modality; however, the search for novel agent(s) for the armamentarium of cancer chemoprevention continues. We argue that agents capable of intervening at more than one critical pathway in the carcinogenesis process will have greater advantage over other single-target agents. Pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) derived from the tree Punica granatum possesses strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Pomegranate fruit was extracted with acetone and analyzed based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and found to contain anthocyanins, ellagitannins and hydrolyzable tannins. We evaluated whether PFE possesses antitumor-promoting effects. We first determined the effect of topical application of PFE to CD-1 mice against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced conventional markers and other novel markers of skin tumor promotion. We found that topical application of PFE (2 mg/mouse) 30 min prior to TPA (3.2 nmole/mouse) application on mouse skin afforded significant inhibition, in a time-dependent manner, against TPA-mediated increase in skin edema and hyperplasia, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and protein expression of ODC and cyclooxygenase-2. We also found that topical application of PFE resulted in inhibition of TPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2, as well as activation of NF-kappaB and IKKalpha and phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. We next assessed the effect of skin application of PFE on TPA-induced skin tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated CD-1 mouse. The animals pretreated with PFE showed substantially reduced tumor incidence and lower tumor body burden when assessed as total number of tumors per group, percent of mice with tumors and number of tumors per animal as compared to animals that did not receive PFE. In TPA-treated group, 100% of the mice developed tumors at 16 weeks on test, whereas at this time in PFE-treated group, only 30% mice exhibited tumors. Skin application of PFE prior to TPA application also resulted in a significant delay in latency period from 9 to 14 weeks and afforded protection when tumor data were considered in terms of tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity. The results of our study provide clear evidence that PFE possesses antiskin-tumor-promoting effects in CD-1 mouse. Because PFE is capable of inhibiting conventional as well as novel biomarkers of TPA-induced tumor promotion, it may possess chemopreventive activity in a wide range of tumor models. Thus, an in-depth study to define active agent(s) in PFE capable of affording antitumor-promoting effect is warranted.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed2006

Single-drop microextraction followed by in-syringe derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection for determination of organic acids in fruits and fruit juices.

A simple analytical procedure based on single-drop microextraction combined with in-syringe derivatization and GC-MS was developed for determination of some phenolic acids in fruits and fruit juices. Cinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were used as model compounds. The analytes were extracted from a 3-mL sample solution using 2.5 microL of hexyl acetate. The extracted phenolic acids were derivatized inside the syringe barrel using 0.7 microL of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide before injection into the GC-MS. The influence of derivatization conditions on the yield of in-syringe silylation was studied. Experimental SDME parameters such as selection of organic solvent, solvent volume, extraction time, extraction temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the solution on the extraction performance were studied. The method provided fairly good precision for all compounds (2.4-11.9%). Detection limits were found to be between 0.6 and 164 ng/mL within an extraction time of 20 min in the GC-MS full scan mode.

Acids↗
PubMed2004

Antioxidant activity of plant extracts on the inhibition of citral off-odor formation.

Grape seed, pomegranate seed, green tea, and black tea extracts were used to inhibit the off-odor from citral degradation. A 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 3), containing 100 ppm citral and 200 ppm gallic acid equivalent plant extract, was incubated at 40 degrees C. The reaction mixtures were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at days 0, 6, 10, 13, and 16 to monitor degradation of citral and formation of alpha, p-dimethylstyrene, p-cymene-8-ol, and p-methylacetophenone. The addition of plant phenolic extracts could not inhibit citral degradation, however, all four plant extracts significantly inhibited p-methylacetophenone formation. The samples, with the addition of plant extracts, exhibited higher concentrations of alpha, p-dimethylstyrene and p-cymene-8-ol than the control. This is presumed to be due to the oxygen-scavenging effect of plant extracts blocking the pathway from p-cymene-8-ol to p-methylacetophenone. Our results suggest that these plant extracts act as general antioxidants inhibiting the generation ofp-methylacetophenone regardless of the types of water-soluble phenolic compounds existing in the plant extracts.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2004

Enzyme inhibition by the molluscicidal agent Punica granatum Linn. bark and Canna indica Linn. root.

Sublethal in vivo 24 h exposure to (40% and 80% of 24 h LC(50)) active fractions of Punica granatum bark or Canna indica root or in combination with other plant-derived molluscicides significantly inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase, acid/alkaline phosphatase, Na(+)K(+)ATPase and lactic dehydrogenase in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. The inhibition kinetics of these enzymes indicates that active fractions of both the plants caused a competitive inhibition of AChE, LDH, ALP, ACP and Na(+)K(+)ATPase.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2004

Antiviral activities of medicinal herbs traditionally used in southern mainland China.

The aqueous extracts from 21 medicinal herbs traditionally used in southern mainland China were screened for antiviral activities against human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. Three extracts from Agrimonia pilosa, Pithecellobium clypearia and Punica granatum, respectively, showed anti-HSV-1 activity, which was possibly contributed by the polyphenolic compounds in the herbal extracts. Six of the extracts, from Blumea laciniata, Elephantopus scaber, Laggera pterodonta, Mussaenda pubescens, Schefflera octophylla and Scutellaria indica, respectively, exhibited anti-RSV activity with 50% inhibition (IC50) concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 32 microg/mL, and selective indices (SI) ranging from 11.2 to 40. In addition to polyphenolic compounds, other constituents present in these extracts may also contribute to their anti-RSV activity.

Agrimonia↗
PubMed2005

beta-Secretase (BACE1) inhibitors from pomegranate (Punica granatum) husk.

In the course of screening for anti-dementia agents from natural products, two beta-secretase (BACE1) inhibitors were isolated from the husk of pomegranate (Punica granatum) by activity-guided purification. They were identified as ellagic acid and punicalagin with IC50 values of 3.9 x10(-6) and 4.1x10(-7) M and Ki values of 2.4x10(-5) and 5.9x10(-7) M, respectively. The compounds were non-competitive inhibitors with a substrate in the Dixon plot. Ellagic acid and punicalagin were less inhibitory to alpha-secretase (TACE) and other serine proteases such as chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase, thus indicating that they were relatively specific inhibitors of BACE1.

Acetates↗