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PubMed1983

Interaction of antacids with antiarrhythmics. V. Effect of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium oxide on the bioavailability of quinidine, procainamide and propranolol in dogs.

The influence of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium oxide on the oral bioavailability of quinidine, procainamide and propranolol in the dog was investigated. The administration of aluminium hydroxide with a quinidine sulfate capsule causes a significant decrease of maximal plasma concentration (Cpmax) and a shift in tmax (time to reach Cpmax). The area under the curve is not significantly decreased. Administration of magnesium oxide together with a quinidine sulfate capsule or a sustained-release preparation of quinidine bisulfate causes a significant decrease of both Cpmax and the area under the curve. A shift of tmax was observed for the conventional preparation only. The administration of aluminium hydroxide with procainamide hydrochloride diminishes only Cpmax in a significant way. Administration of magnesium oxide together with procainamide hydrochloride has no influence on the different parameters. Administration of aluminium hydroxide or magnesium oxide with propranolol hydrochloride has a significant negative influence on both the Cpmax and the area under the curve.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗

PubMed1982

Dietary sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide for early postpartum lactating dairy cows: effects on production, acid-base metabolism, and digestion.

In two experiments with cows in early lactation fed 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate diets (dry basis), we examined effects of 1.0% dietary sodium bicarbonate and .8% magnesium oxide in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement on performance, acid-base metabolism, and digestion. In Experiment 1 with 20 Holstein and 4 Jersey cows, intake and milk production were not affected by treatment through 12 wk postpartum. In digestion trials at 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk postpartum, addition of magnesium oxide increased digestibility of dry matter 1.8% units by sodium bicarbonate whereas acid detergent fiber digestion increased 9 to 12% units with addition of either buffer. In Experiment 2, with four fistulated Holstein cows in a Latin square design, intake per unit body weight was increased .18% units by dietary sodium bicarbonate while milk production was unaffected. Dry matter and acid detergent fiber digestion were increased slightly by sodium bicarbonate plus magnesium oxide addition whereas nitrogen balance increased 23 g/day in cows fed magnesium oxide alone. Because of the low fiber content of the ration, milk fat percent increased .5 to .9% by addition of either buffer in both experiments and resulted in corresponding increased in fat-corrected milk. Sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide prevented rapid declines in rumen pH associated with feeding in Experiment 2, which related to changes in acid detergent fiber digestion. Blood acid-base metabolites were relatively unchanged by treatment in either experiment. Urinary bicarbonate and net acid excretion rates were changed on the average by +41 and +43 meq/h by sodium bicarbonate or magnesium oxide but could not be related to changes in intake and production.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnesium oxide and tocolysis. Our clinical experience and comparison with beta-mimetic (isoxusprine) therapy].

The authors propose the use of oral Magnesium Oxide in the quantity of 200 mg every 3-4 hours for the tocolytic treatment of the pre-term pain, once intravenous tocolysis has decreased or stopped uterine activity (since it has considerably more rapid effect). This treatment constitutes a valid alternative to the use of Beta Mimetic agents in all cases where their use is contraindicated. In the present study, we followed one heterogeneous group of 130 patients, suffering from premature labor hospitalized in our department. After decreasing the uterine contractions by intravenous isossuprine, sixty patients were subsequently treated with magnesium Oxide, fifty with oral isossisuprine, twenty with a simple antispasmodic and the remaining constituted the control group. The percentage of pre-term births has been almost the same in the first two groups (around 17%). The percentage of the patients who exhibited side effects of Beta Mimetic was 30-40%, against 2% of the patients treated with Magnesium Oxide. The intensity of the symptoms was however so slight in the patients treated with Magnesium Oxide, that it failed to disturb the compliance of the patients which allowed to continue the therapy for the necessary period.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗

PubMed1980

Effect of dietary sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide on production and physiology in early lactation.

Twenty cows were in an experiment to measure effects of dietary buffers, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide, on ration adjustment and incidence of metabolic problems in the first 8 wk postpartum. Cows were fed 2.7 kg grain per day and alfalfa ad libitum prepartum and switched immediately to a complete ration of 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate (dry matter) postpartum. Treatments included 1.5% sodium bicarbonate and .8% magnesium oxide (total ration dry matter) fed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Cows receiving bicarbonate peaked 2 to 3 wk earlier in intake and averaged 2.1 kg per day greater intake than those fed the control diet. Actual milk production was increased by sodium bicarbonate with greatest differences for cows receiving both buffers averaging 3.8 kg per day more milk than control cows. Increases over co ntrols were 2.6 and 5.6 kg fat-corrected milk per day for cows receiving sodium bicarbonate alone or in combination with magnesium oxide, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate increased acetate to propionate molar ratios in rumen samples taken at 1 and 2 wk postpartum whereas neither buffer had any effect on rumen pH. Blood hematocrit and urine pH were not affected by treament. Magnesium oxide increased fecal pH .8 units and slightly decreased fecal starch, but sodium bicarbonate had no effect.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Magnesium oxide induced metabolic alkalosis in cattle.

A study was designed to compare the metabolic alkalosis produced in cattle from the use of an antacid (magnesium oxide) and a saline cathartic (magnesium sulphate). Six, mature, normal cattle were treated orally with a magnesium oxide (MgO) product and one week later given a comparable cathartic dose of magnesium sulphate (MgSO(4)). The mean percent dry matter content of the cattle feces changed significantly (P<0.001) following administration of both MgO (15.6-8.1) and MgSO(4) (17.0-8.7) but there was no significant difference between treatments. The mean rumen pH values changed significantly (P<0.001) following administration of both MgO (7.-8.7) and MgSO(4) (7.3-8.3) but there was no significant difference between treatments. However, use of the MgO product caused a more severe (P<0.001) metabolic alkalosis as determined by base excess values. The base excess values remained elevated for 24 hours in the MgO treated group compared to only 12 hours after MgSO(4) administration. Following MgO administration, mean hydrogen ion concentration (pH), bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO(3)-]) and base excess were 7.44, 33.3 mmol/L and +8.0 respectively compared to 7.38, 27 mmol/L and +3.0 after MgSO(4). Since the oral use of MgO in normal cattle causes a greater and more prolonged metabolic alkalosis compared to MgSO(4), MgO is contraindicated as a cathartic in normal cattle or in cattle with abomasal abnormalities characterized by pyloric obstruction and metabolic alkalosis.

Alkalosis↗

PubMed1989

Effects of magnesium oxide on the lipid profile of healthy volunteers.

Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor in the development of coronary artery disease. Magnesium has been reported to decrease total serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein, and increase high density lipoprotein. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was completed to determine if supplemented magnesium, in the form of magnesium oxide, would produce changes in the lipid profile. Fifty normal volunteers received placebo or magnesium oxide, 400 mg capsules, twice a day for 60 days, then switched to the alternate treatment. Weight, height, blood pressure, serum potassium, serum magnesium, and a lipid profile were determined initially and after each treatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), comparing the mean of each component of the lipid profile at baseline and after each treatment, showed no significant difference. In conclusion, supplemental magnesium oxide did not produce statistically significant changes in the lipid profile in this group of healthy volunteers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Urine composition in patients with urolithiasis during treatment with magnesium oxide.

Fifteen patients with recurrent renal stone formation were treated with 400 mg magnesium oxide daily. Urine composition was analyzed before the start of treatment and after 6-12 months. The urinary excretion of magnesium before and during treatment was 321 +/- 120 (mean +/- SD) and 409 +/- 140 mmol per mol creatinine respectively, a difference that was not statistically significant. Urinary calcium increased from 473 +/- 186 to 662 +/- 213 mmol per mol creatinine (p less than 0.05). All patients who increased their excretion of magnesium also increased the urinary output of calcium and, as a result of this, the calcium/magnesium-quotients were unaffected by the treatment. No significant effect was observed on urine oxalate excretion. Serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium and urate all remained at the pre-treatment level. From the results obtained in this study, magnesium oxide in this dosage cannot be recommended for use in treatment of patients with urolithiasis.

Calcium↗

PubMed2006

Template-free magnesium oxide hollow sphere inclusion in organic-inorganic hybrid films via sol-gel reaction.

Magnesium oxide hollow spheres without a template core were conveniently prepared by stabilized bubble formation in a hybrid solution containing a magnesium acetate precursor, thus avoiding the complicated preparation process using a template. The hollow sphere could be aligned along the radial striation by spin coating, and its diameter from a micrometer to submicrometer dimension could be easily modified by the solution composition. It was also possible to control the open or closed hollow sphere by changing the solvent. Thus, the produced magnesium oxide hollow sphere is envisioned to have applications in many areas such as medicine, analysis, optics, and so on.

Magnesium Oxide↗

PubMed1978

Effects of magnesium oxide on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis.

The effect of oral administration of magnesium oxide on the crystallization in urine of calcium oxalate and brushite was determined in 4 cases of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Each patient was evaluated while on a constant metabolic diet before, during and after therapy with magnesium (1,000 mg. magnesium as magnesium oxide per day). During magnesium therapy urinary hydrogen ion concentration increased by approximately 0.5 unit in all 4 patients and urinary calcium increased about 50 mg. per day in 2. Urinary oxalate decreased significantly in 1 patient and urinary phosphorus was reduced in 2. The urinary activity product ratio of brushite (state of saturation) increased, owing largely to the rise in urinary hydrogen ion concentration but that of calcium oxalate was not changed significantly by magnesium treatment. Although urinary magnesium increased significantly there was no significant change in the urinary formation product ratio (limit of metastability) or the rate of crystal growth of brushite or calcium oxalate. Thus, no beneficial effect of magnesium therapy could be demonstrated in this short-term study.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Magnesium oxide administration and prevention of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

We studied the effect of oral administration of magnesium oxide (MgO) on calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis in rats. Nephrolithiasis was induced by administration of 1.0% ethylene glycol (EG) in drinking water. Magnesium oxide was given mixed with food at 500 mg./100 g. rat chow. Dispensation of MgO resulted in a significant increase of urinary pH and a modest increase in urinary excretion of citrate. Urinary excretion of oxalate started to decline by day 14 and was significantly reduced on days 21 and 28. All rats receiving EG displayed crystalluria. From the group receiving EG only, 3 of 4 rats sacrificed on day 15 and 2 of 4 rats sacrificed on day 29 had CaOx crystal deposits in their kidneys. None of the 8 rats who received both EG and MgO had CaOx nephrolithiasis. Thus our findings indicate that dispensation of magnesium as MgO can be beneficial against calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Human pulmonary responses to experimental inhalation of high concentration fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles.

Exposure to air polluted with particles less than 2.5 micron in size is associated epidemiologically with adverse cardiopulmonary health consequences in humans. The goal of this study was to characterize human pulmonary responses to controlled experimental high-dose exposure to fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles. We quantified bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell and cytokine concentrations, pulmonary function, and peripheral blood neutrophil concentrations in six healthy volunteers 18 to 20 hr after inhalation of fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles produced from a furnace system model. We compared postexposure studies with control studies from the same six subjects. Mean +/- standard deviation (SD) cumulative magnesium dose was 4,138 +/- 2,163 min x mg/m3. By weight, 28% of fume particles were ultrafine (<0.1 micron in diameter) and over 98% of fume particles were fine (<2.5 micron in diameter). There were no significant differences in BAL inflammatory cell concentrations, BAL interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, pulmonary function, or peripheral blood neutrophil concentrations postexposure compared with control. Our findings suggest that high-dose fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particle exposure does not produce a measurable pulmonary inflammatory response. These findings are in marked contrast with the well-described pulmonary inflammatory response following zinc oxide particle inhalation. We conclude that fine and ultrafine particle inhalation does not result in toxicity in a generic manner independent of particle composition. Our findings support the concept that particle chemical composition, in addition to particle size, is an important determinant of respiratory effects.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Effects of magnesium oxide on trichlormethiazide bioavailability.

The effect of an antacid, magnesium oxide (MgO), on the bioavailability of a thiazide diuretic, trichlormethiazide, was studied in 10 healthy subjects who fasted overnight. A single oral dose of 4 mg of 1 alone or in combination with 0.5 g of MgO was given in a two-way Latin-square crossover design. Urine concentrations of 1 during the 24 h after each dose were determined by an HPLC method. There were no significant differences for drug alone versus drug with MgO in the mean percentage recovery (60 versus 62%) and the cumulative amount excreted unchanged in urine over 24 h (2408 versus 2463 micrograms). However, coadministration of MgO increased the mean excretion rate of 1 at 0.75 h and 1.5 h (p less than 0.05), the cumulative amount excreted unchanged in urine over 2 h (p less than 0.05), and the absorption rate constant (p less than 0.05). Therefore, the extent of bioavailability was not influenced by MgO, but the rate of absorption was enhanced. The solubility of 1 increased remarkably by changing from pH 1.2 to 8.0 (141 to 1365 micrograms/mL). The dissolution rate of 4 mg of 1 in 500 mL of medium was not affected by an increase in pH. However, a 1.5-fold increase of the dissolution rate in 20 mL of medium was observed by changing from pH 1.2 to 7.3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Nitrogen utilization and digestibility of amino acids by lambs fed a high-concentrate diet with limestone or magnesium oxide.

Effects were evaluated of high dietary levels of magnesium oxide (MgO) or limestone on DM, OM and CP digestibility, N balance and intestinal absorption of amino acids by lambs fed a high concentrate diet. Twelve wether lambs equipped with abomasal and ileal cannulas were blocked by weight and breeding and allotted to treatments in a randomized block design in two consecutive trials. Diets were control (800 g), control plus 1.5% MgO (812 g), control plus 1.5% limestone (812 g) and control plus 3.0% limestone (824 g) fed in two equal portions at 12-h intervals. Ruminal fluid pH differences were small. The pH of ileal digesta was greater (P less than .05) with MgO than with limestone (8.23 vs 7.73). Fecal pH was higher (P less than .01) for lambs fed all mineral treatments (avg 8.75) than for lambs fed the control (7.61) and was higher (P less than .01) when MgO (9.53) rather than limestone (8.36) was fed. Ruminal NH3N was lower (P less than .01) when lambs were fed MgO (11.9 mg/dl) compared with limestone (avg 31.2 mg/dl). Preintestinal DM digestibility was greatest (P less than .10) with limestone (avg 49.5%) feeding compared with feeding MgO (31.2%) or the control (35.4%). About 41.5% more essential (P less than .05) and 48% more nonessential (P less than .03) amino acids reached the small intestine when MgO was fed than when limestone was fed. Partial digestibility of amino acids in the small intestine was reduced (P less than .03) an average of 5 percentage units when MgO or limestone was fed. Feeding high levels of MgO or limestone to lambs did not improve the overall digestibility of DM, OM or CP. In fact, feeding high levels of MgO or limestone appeared to be detrimental, reducing intestinal absorption of amino acids.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2005

Kinetics-driven growth of orthogonally branched single-crystalline magnesium oxide nanostructures.

Orthogonally branched single-crystalline magnesium oxide nanostructures were synthesized through a simple chemical vapor transport and condensation process in a flowing Ar/O(2) atmosphere. Other morphologies, such as cubes and nanowires, can also be obtained under different controlled conditions. The formation of different types of nanostructures can be tuned by modifying oxygen partial pressure during the synthesis. All the nanostructures are cubic single-crystalline enclosed by low-index {100} facets. Growth mechanisms for the nanostructures are discussed in detail: different supersaturation ratios, relatively high substrate temperatures, and surface defects in certain crystallographic planes cooperatively take important effects on determining the product morphologies. Structural defect-related blue light emission of the three types of MgO nanostructures was investigated. The MgO nanostructures with abundant morphologies may find applications in various nanodevices, and the kinetics-driven methodology might be exploited to synthesize similar nanostructures of other functional oxide materials.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1983

Influence of buffering early lactation rations with sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide and subsequent withdrawal or addition effects.

Eighty animals (16 first lactation) were assigned alternately at calving to one of four treatments: A) corn silage, B) corn silage + 1.5% sodium bicarbonate and .5% magnesium oxide in the grain mix, C) 50% hay crop silage and 50% corn silage, and D) 50% hay crop silage and corn silage plus 1.5% sodium bicarbonate and .5% magnesium oxide. All rations contained 50% forage and 50% concentrate (dry) fed as a total mixed ration. During the first 8 wk of lactation no differences were detected in mean performance or in weekly patterns for forage programs alone or buffer treatments alone on average daily intake of dry matter, body weight loss, milk yield, or composition. Addition of buffers to hay crop silage and corn silage rations resulted in a milk yield profile with a smaller increase beyond wk 3 postpartum. Cows fed all corn silage rations yielded more milk on the average than cows on hay crop silage and corn silage, regardless of buffer treatments. From wk 9 through 12 of lactation, buffers either were added or withdrawn. Addition or withdrawal of buffers did not alter significantly patterns of milk yield or composition.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Magnesium oxide as cause of metal fume fever].

Seven foundry workers are described who all developed pulmonary symptoms and in the majority of cases recurrent occupational fever; the onset of these episodes coincided with the introduction of a new founding technique resulting in exposure to magnesium oxide fumes. The foreman - most exposed because responsible for vaccination of the melted iron with metallic magnesium - developed disabling pneumopathy. The feverish episodes are interpreted as metal fume fever and in 6 patients the pneumopathy is considered to be due to alkalitoxic damage to the small airways and alveoli caused by the magnesium oxide fumes. The seventh patient suffered from allergic asthma bronchiale. Differentiation from hypersensitivity pneumonitis and from humidifier fever of nonallergic etiology is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Antitoxic features of magnesium oxide under combined radiation and thermal injury].

Male Wistar rats were exposed to 7.5 Gy total body gamma radiation followed to the additional full-thickness thermal bum. It was shown, that single administration of magnesium oxide in 1 hour after combined injury significantly corrected the early signs of endogenous intoxication. The level of bacterial endotoxemia decreased as well as serum concentration of toxic oligopeptides; general blood serum toxicity has been reduced too. Four-fold magnesium oxide's using as an enterosorbent in combination with antibiotics (doxycyclini, gentamicini or ciprofloxacin) has ensured 73-100% rats survival. All untreated animals dead within 30 days after combined injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis resulting from overuse of magnesium oxide.

A 23 year old woman had taken large doses of magnesium oxide (up to 20 to 30g per day) initially for habitual constipation and later for idiopathic edema instead of diuretics, until the concealed abuse was discovered. During the abuse she showed hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. When the ingestion was stopped, the electrolyte imbalance recovered within two weeks.

Adult↗