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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Repair of the mandibular nerve by autogenous grafting after ablative surgery of the mandible.

In this paper, we introduce our original method of autologous nerve grafting for substitution of the mandibular nerve after mandibular resection in three subjects. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm served as a donor nerve, and the graft was imbedded microsurgically at the junctures using an epineurial nerve suture technique. Oversized grafts were chosen in order to insert them without tension in a space between the stumps of the recipient nerve and the regeneration zone of the bone. In all three subjects, sensibility of the lower lip and chin recovered completely after about ten months.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1999

Myogenic determination and differentiation of the mouse palatal muscle in relation to the developing mandibular nerve.

The vertebrate palatal muscles are derived from the cranial paraxial mesoderm and start myogenesis by the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). Predetermined myogenic cells migrate from the cranial paraxial mesoderm into the branchial arches, followed by myogenic differentiation. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the determination, migration, and differentiation of myogenic cells during the myogenesis of the palatal muscles, particularly the tensor veli palatini (TVP), are related to the extending mandibular nerve in mouse embryos. By immunohistochemical staining at embryonic day (E) 9.5, MyoD1 and myogenin have been expressed in the mandibular arch, into which the mandibular nerve had not yet extended. At E11.5, these myogenic cells encircled the extending mandibular nerve and were distributed from the distal and lateral to the trigeminal ganglion and into the mandibular arch to form the muscle plate, a girdle-like structure. By E12.5, these myogenic cells lost their girdle-like pattern, vacated the trunk area of the mandibular nerve, and were separated into several incompletely divided masses encircling the collateral branches of the mandibular nerve. The TVP started differentiation at E13.5 with the appearance of myofilaments and acetylcholinesterase (AchE), whereas the other palatal muscles began differentiation at E14.5. We defined the differentiation process of mouse palatal muscles into five stages based on the present findings. These results suggest that the determination and initial migration of the palatal myogenic cells into the mandibular arch occur before the mandibular nerve extends out of the trigeminal ganglion, whereas the myogenic cells migrating into the final sites of differentiation intimately relate to the extending nerve.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2006

Percutaneous radio-frequency mandibular nerve rhizotomy guided by CT fluoroscopy.

We describe a new method for radio-frequency mandibular nerve rhizotomy under CT fluoroscopy. A patient with cancer had severe intractable and drug-resistant pain in his left mandibular region. Because he had an anatomic deformity due to cancer invasion and radiation therapy, we planned a mandibular nerve rhizotomy under CT fluoroscopic imaging. The needle was advanced to the mandibular nerve just caudal to the foramen ovale under real-time CT fluoroscopy, avoiding the cancer region. Pain scores of the patient were reduced after the nerve rhizotomy, without any complications.

Catheter Ablation↗
PubMed2004

Application of a mandibular nerve block using an indwelling catheter for intractable cancer pain.

We report a case in which a mandibular nerve block using an indwelling catheter was employed for pain management in a terminal case of orofacial cancer. The patient was a 74-year-old female weighing 27 kg. She had a 27-month history of mouth floor and tongue cancer. The cancer recurred and spread to bilateral face and neck. The severest pain mainly originated from the right mandibular region. Two steps of pain relief were performed for the patient. First, pain control using 1% lidocaine or 0.25% bupivacaine administered intermittently or continuously through an indwelling catheter in the mandibular nerve was performed for 1 week to estimate the amount of pain relief thereby obtained. Second, a neurolytic block was applied to the mandibular nerve through the catheter. After the neurolytic block, the total dosage of morphine and diclofenac remained unchanged for 2 months. We conclude from the present case that this technique is an excellent means of obtaining long-term pain control in patients with intractable orofacial cancer pain.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Electrophysiologic investigation of mandibular nerve injury.

Isolated lesions of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve have only rarely been reported. We report the occurrence of an isolated lesion of the mandibular nerve associated with a unilateral mandibular fracture, and its substantiation electrophysiologically. A 65-year-old man was involved in a motor vehicle accident resulting in multiple fractures, including a unilateral mandibular fracture and temporomandibular joint dislocation. No evidence of intracranial pathology by CT scan was noted and the neurologic examination was nonfocal except for dysfunction of the mandibular nerve ipsilateral to the fracture site. Bilateral facial nerve latency and blink reflexes were normal. EMG evaluation of the muscles of facial expression and mastication demonstrated denervation confined to the muscles innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. In patients complaining of facial sensory dysfunction, malocclusion, or weakness of muscles of mastication after mandibular fracture, an electrophysiologic examination can assist in evaluating cranial nerve integrity.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The mandibular nerve in edentulous jaw humans: analysis of myelinated nerve fibers.

We studied the nerve fibers of the human mandibular nerve using edentulous jaw cadavers. We made nitrocellulose sections and stained them with Goto's modification of Masson-Goldner's method in order to evaluate the nerve fibers using an image-analyzer. The results showed an unusual feature: a sudden increase of axonal areas during the decade of the 80s followed by a sharp return to previous levels after that age, even though the number of nerve fibers kept decreasing with the aging process. Although the reason for this is not yet understood, the authors consider that it might be due to compensatory phenomena.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The marginal mandibular nerve in rhytidectomy and liposuction surgery.

A concern in the current trend toward more aggressive undermining in rhytidectomy and liposuction surgery has been the potential for damage to the marginal mandibular nerve. This study was undertaken in an attempt to clarify the exact peripheral pathway of the marginal mandibular nerve. A series of 22 fresh cadaver heads were studied bilaterally by gross dissection and histologic studies. It was found that dissection superficial to the platysma up to a point 2 cm lateral to the lower lip can be done safely. Medial to this point, dissection is hazardous and is not indicated because the marginal mandibular nerve becomes more superficial as it travels to innervate its effector muscles. Additionally, dissection in this area is technically difficult because of the tight adherence of the skin to the underlying muscles. This adherence generally permits only the formation of fine superficial rhytids that are best treated by chemical peel or dermabrasion.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Extensive malignant schwannoma of the mandibular nerve. Case report.

An extensive malignant schwannoma of the mandibular nerve in an 8-year-old boy is presented. The clinical presentation, light microscopic findings, and radiographic features are described. The patient was successfully treated with surgery in combination with chemotherapy. He is still well, without evidence of metastasis or local recurrence, 5 years postoperatively.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Vertical suture plication of the orbicularis oris muscle: a simple procedure for the correction of unilateral marginal mandibular nerve paralysis.

Injury to the marginal mandibular nerve is present as an adverse outcome in many surgical procedures. The resultant cosmetic deficit, manifesting lower lip asymmetry and imbalance, is readily noticeable especially during opening of the mouth. Multiple techniques to correct this deformity have been described, but most involve obvious scars or major procedures. A simple, one-step outpatient procedure, which can be performed under local anesthesia with a camouflaged scar, is described to correct the lip malposition.

Cranial Nerve Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative study: classical, Akinosi, and Gow-Gates techniques of mandibular nerve block.

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and the degree of patient acceptability of the three techniques of mandibular nerve block, namely the classical, the Akinosi and the Gow-Gates. Forty five patients with mandibular posterior tooth/teeth indicated for extraction were chosen and divided equally into three groups to represent the three techniques of mandibular nerve block. Following the administration of the local anesthetic, the patients were evaluated using the evaluation sheet prepared for the study. Tabulation and analysis of the collected data followed. Results show that the Gow-Gates technique was the most effective in inducing anesthesia while the Akinosi technique appeared to be the most acceptable among the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of otic postganglionic and recurrent mandibular nerve fibres to the cavernous sinus plexus in monkeys.

The distribution of dorsal rami of the otic ganglion was traced on one or both sides of 1 rhesus and 15 cynomolgus monkeys using interrupted serial sections. From 15 to 24 fine rami containing unmyelinated and small myelinated nerve fibres entered the cranial cavity with the mandibular nerve through the foramen ovale. Most rami contributed to a plexus positioned in the crotch of the mandibular and maxillary nerves adjacent to the trigeminal ganglion. The plexus was augmented by an accessory otic ganglion. Rami then continued dorsally on each side of or through the maxillary nerve and joined the cavernous sinus plexus. The pathway described probably gives otic parasympathetic fibres access to the cerebral arteries and may share a wider distribution in common with other nerves contributing to the cavernous sinus plexus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Anatomical considerations in the Gow-Gates technic for anesthesia of the mandibular nerve. Preliminary note].

Described in 1973, the GOW-GATES mandibular block uses extra-oral landmarks. The anesthetic is deposed to the condylar neck. Gow-Gates claims that this single injection is enough for anesthesizes the sensitive branches of the mandibular nerve. The study of anatomical cuts shows that the interpterygoïd facial guides the anesthetic drug in bottom an ahead toward the mandibular foramen. That the liquid occupies all the pterygo mandibular space and that it escapes about it behind only through the Juvara slot.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Penetration of muscles by branches of the mandibular nerve: a possible cause of neuropathy.

We carried out detailed dissections of the branches of the mandibular nerve and muscles innervated by these branches to investigate their positional relationships. We made the following observations: 1) small branch of the auriculotemporal nerve penetrated the lateral pterygoid muscle; 2) the entire lingual nerve penetrated the medial pterygoid muscle; and 3) branch of the mylohyoid nerve penetrated the mylohyoid muscle and communicated with the submandibular ganglion. No detailed descriptions of these nerve branches have been reported previously. The existence of these nerve branches that penetrate muscles might result in the neuralgic pain in the trigeminal region when such pain is of unknown origin.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2003

Differences in the axonal compositions of the human mandibular nerve between dentulous and edentulous jaws.

We examined the human mandibular nerve to find differences in the composition of nerve fiber axons between dentulous and edentulous jaws Using Goto's modification of Masson-Goldner's method. We discovered that the edentulous jaw did not contain any large size axons, compared with the dentulous jaw. This can be considered as evidence that the larger fibers innervating the periodontal ligament decreased degenerated after tooth loss.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Electroneurographic investigation of the mandibular nerve in lingual neuropathy.

We developed a method for determination of motor conduction along the mandibular and sensory conduction along the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves in 10 controls and 6 patients with lingual neuropathy following lower wisdom tooth extraction. Patients with lingual neuropathy had reduced/absent or delayed compound sensory action potentials and normal conduction along the fibers of the inferior alveolar nerve and mandibular nerve. The method provides a useful electrophysiological means of evaluating lingual nerve lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of different surgical repair modalities on regeneration of the rabbit mandibular nerve.

A study was designed to evaluate the ability of the rabbit mandibular nerve to regenerate when exposed to crush and resection injuries, as well as to determine how differently sized resection injuries healed when repaired with either autogenous grafts or laminin-lined collagen tubulization. The nerve demonstrated a regenerative capacity over a 1-cm defect, with morphology and function that approximated normals, but could not span a 2-cm gap defect unaided. Crush injuries produced findings that were inferior to both those in normal nerves and in those with resections. In 1-cm defects, both grafting and tubular repairs produced similar results, with substantial recovery of neural function after 16 weeks. In 2-cm defects, autogenous grafting was superior to tubulization by both morphologic and functional assessment. Replacement of the lateral cortex of the mandible after nerve repair was shown to be unnecessary. The implications of these findings as they relate to nerve injury and repair in humans is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Trigeminal neuralgia is caused by maxillary and mandibular nerve entrapment: greater incidence of right-sided facial symptoms is due to the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale being narrower on the right side of the cranium.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the most important disease of the trigeminal nerve. Vascular compression of the dorsal root of the trigeminal nerve by aberrant loop of blood vessels is currently accepted as the most common cause of TN. The right side of the face is affected by TN twice as often as the left side, but there are no anatomical reasons for the blood vessels loop to be more frequent on the right side of the cranial fossa. Additionally, vascular compression in asymptomatic patients and in TN patients without aberrant blood vessels has been reported, thereby arguing against the idea that vascular compression alone is responsible for TN. Anatomical and radiological studies have shown that the rotundum and ovale foramens on the right side of the human cranium are significantly narrower than on the left side. The rotundum and ovale foramens are crossed by the maxillary and mandibular nerves, respectively, and are the nerves most affected in TN. Based on demographic and epidemiological data of TN patients, and on anatomical findings in the foramens, we hypothesized that entrapment of the maxillary and mandibular nerves when they cross the ovale and rotundum foramens is a primary cause of TN and accounts for the higher incidence of TN on the right sided.

Causality↗