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PubMed1987

[Facial cellulitis and Haemophilus meningitis in infants].

Two cases of facial cellulitis due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b are reported in 2 infants aged 3 and 6 months. Bacteriological diagnosis relied on blood cultures. Association with bacterial meningitis emphasizes the necessity of a systematic cerebrospinal fluid examination and the choice of antibiotherapy.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1983

[Public health problems posed by the occurrence of Haemophilus meningitis in limited communities and especially its chemophophylaxis].

In Val-de-Marne District there is a permanent medical network to check up all cases of infectious meningitis. H. influenzae meningitis are increasing and represent 25% of all purulent meningitis (mainly infants of less than 6 years old) diagnosed in this area, second only to the meningococcus. English authors find Haemophilus influenzae to be as contagious as the meningococcus. Public Health physicians have to know these informations in order to prevent infection in communities; systematic throat culture with antibiograms, regular medical check-up, disinfection, exclusion from school and the choice of prophylactic anti-biotherapy are discussed. Many drugs have been proposed ampicillin, rifampicin, spiramycin, erythromycin, pristinamycin, tetracyclin. None of them managed to get a unanimous approval. The probably temporary solution is to follow the same guidelines than for the meningococcus infections and contaminations. They are described in details in the n degrees 8 Ministerial Memorandum dated January 28, 1980. About chimioprophylaxy, the physicians have to judge any single case as a whole. First ENT infections in those communities have to be totally treated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Fulminating haemophilus influenzae b meningitis.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children with a mortality rate ranging from 1.6% to 14%. Most patients have a 2-3 day history of symptoms prior to admission. A few have fulminating disease with rapid neurological deterioration. Review of 191 cases of HIb meningitis revealed a mortality rate of 2.1% but all who died had fulminating meningitis (FM). Four of six patients with FM died. FM patients had symptoms for less than 24 hours before rapid neurological deterioration with increased ICP, seizures, coma and/or respiratory arrest. Review of 10 FM cases revealed that on admission, 5 had hypotension, 3 had thrombocytopenia, and 8 had coma. Typical CSF changes were seen in only 7. All fatal cases died within 24 hours. Brain swelling and tonsillar herniation were found at autopsy. SDS-PAGE outer membrane protein subtyping did not show one "killer strain". Animal and autopsy data suggest that diminished CSF outflow and cerebral edema contribute to increased ICP. To improve survival of FM patients, initial treatment must (1) decrease ICP below levels impairing cerebral perfusion, (2) maintain adequate ventilation and blood pressure, and include (3) LP when stable, (4) antibiotics, and (5) close monitoring. Utilizing these principles, two FM patients survived without major sequelae.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

[Prospects for the vaccinal prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis].

Haemophilus influenzae type b remains the major cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and children. Serum antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide--polyribosylribitolphosphate (PRP)--are protective, but its immunogenicity is poor in children under two years of age. Clinical trials actually in progress concerning an association of PRP with Bordetella pertussis are presented. Other vaccinal preparations are possible, such outer membrane protein, but prospects offered by polysaccharide-protein conjugates appear as the most encouraging.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults.

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis is rare in adults. We reviewed the microbiological records of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures and the medical records of patients with bacterial meningitis admitted to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from January 1978 to May 1996. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis was found in six adult patients, accounting for 1.8% of 326 bacteriologically proven adult cases of meningitis diagnosed between January 1984 and May 1996. Predisposing conditions included head trauma and/or neurosurgical procedure in four patients and an extracranial extension of a pituitary adenoma in a diabetic patient. None of them had altered consciousness on the day of treatment. A CSF cell count less than 500 x 10(6) leukocytes/liter was noted in three patients. Antibiotic therapy was successful in all patients. Thus, predisposing conditions, particularly head trauma and/or neurosurgical procedure, are commonly present in adult patients with H. influenzae meningitis. Patients with the infection may have a low cellular count in the CSF that may be readily misinterpreted as meningitis caused by other pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biochemical characteristics of 130 recent isolates from Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.

A total of 130 Haemophilus strains, comprising virtually all isolates from Danish and Norwegian cases of Haemophilus meningitis occurring in the period from October 1975 through September 1976, were examined by biochemical and serological means. All isolates were identified as H. influenzae and, except for one noncapsulated strain, possessed a capsule of serotype b. The vast majority of strains (93%) belonged to biotype I, which, in contrast to biotypes II and III, is rarely encountered as a commensal of the upper respiratory tract. This finding is a strong incentive for studies of possible additional virulence factors associated with biotype I organisms. The results are discussed in the light of North American reports, which have suggested changes in the etiology of Haemophilus meningitis.

Child↗
PubMed1974

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults.

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis though common in childhood is rarely seen in the adult. During the past four years eight cases of H. influenzae meningitis have been seen in St. Thomas's Hospital and four of these were in patients over 20 years old. There was a possible predisposing condition in two patients. In each case there was difficulty in identification of the organism in the Gram-stained film of the cerebrospinal fluid deposit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in parts of eastern Nigeria.

During a two-year period, January 1989 to January 1991, 39 (12%) of 331 children admitted to various hospitals and health centres in Enugu and Nsukka areas of Eastern Nigeria with symptoms of meningitis had Haemophilus influenzae isolated from their cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). 90% were aged 24 months and below. Out of the 39 isolates, 37 were Pittman serotype b while the remaining 2 were type d. More males (61.5%) had H. influenzae meningitis in comparison with 38.5% of females. 69.2% of the cases occurred during the dry season while 30.7% occurred during the rainy season. All the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and erythromycin, while 90% were sensitive to ampicillin and penicillin, using the disc diffusion method. The leading role of H. influenzae in meningitis in children who are 7 to 24 months of age in this part of the world and the increasing resistance of this organism to ampicillin and penicillin is hereby stressed.

Age Factors↗