PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “MENINGITIS, VIRAL”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Burden of hospitalization of children with viral meningitis in Bialystok, 2003-2005].

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the burden of hospitalization of children with viral meningitis in Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok from 2003 to 2005. METHODS: Data were extracted from Children Teaching Hospital database. A hospitalization with viral meningitis was defined as any discharge with diagnoses of mumps meningitis (B26.1), enteroviral meningitis (A85.0), tick-born encephalitis (A84.1) and viral undifferentiated meningitis (A87.9) due to ICD-10. Outcome measures included number of hospitalizations in total and due to different etiology as well as their impact in the budget of the unit. RESULTS: 316 hospitalizations with viral meningitis were identified. Of these 246 (77.6%) were diagnosed with mumps etiology, 10 (3.2%) with enteroviral, 1 (0.3%) with tick-born virus and 59 (18.7%) with unknown viral etiology. Most cases of viral meningitis were hospitalized in 2003--132 (41.8%). Of these 93.9% were diagnosed with mumps meningitis. In 2005, of 78 hospitalizations associated with viral meningitis 10 (12.8%) were confirmed and further 38 (48.7%) were suspected enteroviral meningitis. The percentages of costs associated with viral meningitis in 2004 and 2005 (26% and 18.8%) were high in comparison to percentage of hospitalizations with viral meningitis (10.7% and 7.3%, respectively).

Child↗
PubMed1987

The importance of the virology laboratory in the diagnosis and management of viral meningitis.

Recent advances in cell culture techniques have made possible the rapid and accurate detection of enteroviruses, the most commonly identified cause of aseptic meningitis. Between 1983 and 1985, 69 patients were diagnosed as having enteroviral meningitis by viral culture of cerebrospinal fluid, throat swab, and/or rectal swab or stool specimens. Half of the 49 patients in whom the diagnosis was based on positive cerebrospinal fluid culture benefited directly from viral culture results by early withdrawal of antibiotics, early discharge, or changing of the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Enteroviral cultures became positive in as early as 24 hours, and most of the cultures became positive within one week. The cost of viral culture is comparable with that of other microbiologic tests. The virology laboratory has proved useful in the diagnosis and management of patients with enteroviral meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cerebrospinal fluid lysozyme in bacterial and viral meningitis.

The concentration of lysozyme (LZM) in cerebrospinal fluid was determined in 25 patients with bacterial meningitis, in 18 patients with viral meningitis and in 25 control patients who had other fibrile illnesses. The concentration of LZM was less than 1.5 microgram/ml in all control patients, and slightly to markedly raised in 10 patients with viral meningitis and in 11 out of 13 patients with untreated bacterial meningitis. The concentration of LZM was significantly different in the viral and bacterial meningitis patients (p less than 0.001). Most raised concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid LZM persisted for at least one week after the start of antibiotic treatment. The concentrations of LZM correlated well with concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase. These results show that the determination of cerebrospinal fluid LZM is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of meningitis, particularly when the prehospital treatment with antibiotics may be responsible for a diagnostically misleading negative bacterial culture of the cerebrospinal fluid and altered cerebrospinal fluid cytology.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Value of C reactive protein measurement in tuberculous, bacterial, and viral meningitis.

The value of C reactive protein measurement in the differential diagnosis of meningitis was assessed in a population where tuberculous meningitis is prevalent. C reactive protein was measured serially with a sensitive radioimmunoassay in sera from 31 children with bacterial meningitis, 15 with tuberculous meningitis (6 with miliary tuberculosis), and 28 with viral meningitis. Concentrations of C reactive protein in patients with tuberculous meningitis lay between those of patients with bacterial and viral meningitis--a finding which detracts from the virtually absolute discrimination C reactive protein measurement allows between bacterial and viral meningitis. In all but two of the patients with tuberculous meningitis, C reactive protein concentrations fell rapidly after treatment began and became normal after 10 days. This fall did not, however, exclude the development of hydrocephalus as a complication. Measurement of C reactive protein remains a useful additional parameter in the diagnosis and management of the various types of meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in viral meningitis: upregulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in cerebrospinal fluid.

A hallmark of viral meningitis is the invasion of monocytes, lymphocytes and, in the initial phase of the disease, neutrophils into the subarachnoidal space. By their degradation of different macromolecular components in the extracellular connective tissue, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be essential for the breakdown of the vessel wall in the meninges and the choroid plexus. In this study, the occurrence of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 and the two tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, was monitored in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with viral meningitis. Of the proteinases, MMP-9 was found in 13 of 39 (33%) patients, but not in controls; the levels being correlated with the neutrophil cell number in CSF. The CSF concentration of TIMP-1 was increased three-fold compared to the control group (median 233 ng/ml; range 9.4-1252.5 ng/ml) and was correlated to the levels of total protein in CSF. Of the other MMPs and TIMPs assayed, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were constitutively expressed and not upregulated in viral meningitis. High levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2, as measured by ELISA, was associated with high proteolytic activity detected in CSF by zymography. In conclusion, invasion of the leukocytes into the CSF compartment in viral meningitis may involve MMP-9, its proteolytic effect likely being controlled by expression of TIMP-1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Nitric oxide production during bacterial and viral meningitis in children.

Nitric oxide is very likely to play a role in physiopathological mechanisms of bacterial meningitis. As shown by in vitro studies, nitric oxide is toxic to endothelial cells, as well as to neurones, and thus may be responsible for neurological sequelae in bacterial meningitis. Increased level of nitric oxide can also inhibit mitochondrial respiration, enhancing anaerobic glycolysis. Twenty-seven children with documented bacterial meningitis, 73 with viral (mumps and enteroviral) meningitis, and 51 controls were studied. All children with bacterial meningitis were given cefotaxime (200 mg/kg per day). Glucose and protein concentrations and cerebrospinal fluid cell counts were determined routinely, as well as nitrite and nitrate levels. The levels of nitrite and nitrate in cerebrospinal fluid on admission were higher in patients with bacterial meningitis than in controls or in children with viral meningitis. In 10 patients, dexamethasone therapy (0.4 mg/kg every 12 h for 2 days) was started about 10 min before the first antibiotic dose. A significantly lower nitrite concentration was observed after 24-48 h of treatment compared with non-steroid-treated patients. Significant positive correlations between the nitrite and granulocyte counts and the protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid were found in all patients with meningitis. Increased nitric oxide production in cerebrospinal fluid during the acute phase of bacterial meningitis may result from the inflammatory process and tissue injury. Dexamethasone administered before the first parenteral antibiotic dose seems to reduce nitric oxide production in the cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Utility of Boyer's score modified for the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis].

BACKGROUND: Many studies have been performed to establish criteria for the differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral meningitis. In 1980, Thome and Boyer proposed a score that has been widely used. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of this score when applied to our patients with meningitis and to evaluate the diagnostic yield after adding other laboratory tests. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the children diagnosed with meningitis in the Hospital Niño Jesús between January 1993 and February 2000. In all patients, Boyer's score and the following laboratory variables were applied: reactive C protein levels, percentage of neutrophils in the cerebrospinal fluid depending on age, and the ratio of immature cells/total neutrophils in the blood. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of Boyer's score and the laboratory variables. RESULTS: Of the 476 children with meningitis, 402 had viral meningitis and 74 had bacterial meningitis. All the children with bacterial meningitis except seven had a score higher than 3 (a doubtful indication for antibiotic treatment). The sensitivity and specificity of Boyer's score was 90 % and 99 % respectively. When laboratory variables were added, sensitivity was 100 % and specificity was 98 %. CONCLUSIONS: Boyer's score is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of meningitis, but its diagnostic yield is considerably increased when the results of laboratory tests are added.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Chemotactic activity on mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with viral meningitis is mediated by interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1.

In viral meningitis the inflammatory response involves activated T cells and monocytes which are recruited into the subarachnoid space. To identify the chemotactic signals attracting the cells to the site of infection in the meninges, we measured the levels of two CXC chemokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inducible protein (IP)-10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma, four CC chemokines, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta, as well as the cytokines interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-16 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suffering from viral meningitis. The results point to an involvement of two chemokines, MCP-1 and IP-10, since (1) unlike the other cytokines, MCP-1 and IP-10 were present in 97% and 79% of the CSF, respectively, at concentrations sufficient to induce chemotaxis of mononuclear cells; (2) more than 90% of the CSF of viral meningitis induced chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and all of them induced chemotaxis of activated T cells, and (3) the CSF-mediated chemotaxis of PBMC was inhibited by anti-MCP-1 antibodies and chemotaxis of activated T cells was abolished by the combination of anti-MCP-1 and anti-IP-10 antibodies. Our data provide evidence that MCP-1 and IP-10 lead to accumulation of activated T cells and monocytes in the CSF compartment in viral meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Viral meningitis. Tips to rapidly diagnose treatable causes.

Viral meningitis is a common illness among children and is most often caused by enteroviruses. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical findings and analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. Important conditions to consider in diagnosis are partially treated bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, fungal meningitis, other infections, and central nervous system tumor. Ruling out treatable causes early is important. Treatment of enteroviral meningitis is supportive, and the prognosis is usually very good, although significant neurologic sequelae have been reported.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trends in viral meningitis hospitalisations and notifications in the North Eastern Health Board (1997 - 2001): a cause for concern?

This study aimed to compare trends in both hospital admissions and notifications of viral meningitis in the North Eastern Health Board (NEHB). Hospital admissions from 1997 to 2001, involving NEHB residents with an infectious disease diagnosis, were examined and viral meningitis cases were analyzed. During this period 265 NEHB residents were admitted to hospital with viral meningitis--an increase of 429% between 1997 and 2001 with the bulk of this increase during 2000 and 2001. A total of 1,234 bed days were taken up by this cohort and the mean length of stay was 4.5 days (95% CI 4.2 - 4.9). The number of viral meningitis notifications in the NEHB was 38 (ranging from 4 in 1997 to 11 in 2001). This number is much lower than expected given the corresponding number of hospital admissions for the same period. Thus, most cases were not notified which means that current surveillance systems under-estimate the disease burden of viral meningitis. Such under-reporting has implications for infectious disease policy in Ireland.

Adolescent↗