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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Splenic artery and superior mesenteric artery blood flow: nonsurgical Doppler US measurement in healthy subjects and patients with chronic liver disease.

The accuracy of the duplex Doppler ultrasound system in the measurement of blood flow in the splenic artery and the superior mesenteric artery was evaluated in seven anesthetized dogs by comparing blood flow recordings obtained simultaneously with the electromagnetic flowmeter, with those obtained with the combination of B-mode and M-mode scanning. Various flow rates were produced by the infusion of dopamine. Splenic artery blood flow and superior mesenteric artery blood flow measured with the duplex system exhibited significant correlations with corresponding values obtained with electromagnetic flow measurements (r = .93 and r = .93, respectively). Changes in splanchnic circulation with the progression of chronic liver disease in humans were then investigated with the use of the duplex system. Splenic artery blood flow and superior mesenteric artery blood flow were significantly increased in patients with cirrhosis compared with patients with chronic hepatitis and healthy subjects. These results indicate that a hyperdynamic circulatory state may develop in the splanchnic circulation of the intestine and spleen in cirrhotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Successful right common iliac to superior mesenteric artery bypass for mesenteric ischemia associated with acute aortic dissection: report of a case.

Mesenteric ischemia caused by obstruction of the superior mesenteric artery associated with acute aortic dissection was successfully treated by surgery in a 74-year-old man. The vein graft was effectively bypassed between the right common iliac artery and superior mesenteric artery on the day of onset of acute DeBakey type III b aortic dissection. He is currently well 1 year postoperatively on anti-hypertensive therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Superior mesenteric artery is more important than inferior mesenteric artery in maintaining colonic mucosal perfusion and integrity in rats.

Mucosal hemodynamics (by reflectance spectrophotometry) and mucosal damage (by histologic examination) following acute colonic ischemia were evaluated in different anatomic locations in the colon of anesthetized rats. The reflectance spectrophotometer provides an index of mucosal hemoglobin concentration (IHB) and an index of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (ISO2). The patterns of ischemia without congestion (decreases IHB, decreases ISO2) during superior mesenteric artery occlusion, and ischemia with congestion (increases IHB, decreases ISO2) during portal vein occlusion, previously demonstrated in the stomach and duodenum, are also applicable to the colon. The significant linear correlations between changes (as percent of baseline) in IHB, ISO2, and hydrogen gas clearance suggest that changes in these indices are adequate indicators of changes in colonic mucosal perfusion. Superior mesenteric artery ligation produced significant reductions in both indices, and an increase in damage in the mucosa of the cecum, transverse colon, splenic flexure, and left colon, but not the rectum. Inferior mesenteric artery ligation produced only slight reduction in these indices and minimal damage only in the mucosa of the splenic flexure. These results support the hypothesis that the superior mesenteric artery is more important than the inferior mesenteric artery in maintaining colonic perfusion and colonic mucosal integrity in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm combined with inferior mesenteric artery aneurysm and occlusion of celiac and superior mesenteric arteries].

A 56-year-old man with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm combined with inferior mesenteric artery aneurysm and occlusion of celiac and superior mesenteric arteries is presented. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and aortography revealed thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm of 6 cm in diameter, accompanied by inferior mesenteric aneurysm of 3 cm in diameter. Severe calcification of the abdominal aorta and occlusion of the celiac and the superior mesenteric arteries were also noted, whose territories were perfused by collateral circulation of the inferior mesenteric artery. At the operation, orifice of the left renal artery was stenosed by severe calcification, which was resected. Because of severe adhesion around the origins of celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, they were left unrevascularized. The thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was replaced with an Dacron tube graft, whose side branch was anastomosed to the inferior mesenteric artery after resection of its aneurysm. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no symptoms of intestinal ischemia were noted. As blood supply to the abdominal viscera mostly depends on the inferior mesenteric artery, careful follow-up is necessary.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1995

[An aneurysm of the inferior mesenteric artery associated with obstruction of the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk].

The exact prevalence of visceral arteries aneurysms is not well documented and its is mainly known from necropsies. Inferior mesenteric artery aneurysms are the rarest of visceral aneurysms. The authors report a case of an aneurysm of the inferior mesenteric artery in a 52-year-old man with obstructive disease of superior mesenteric artery and celiac axis. The diagnosis was made by angiography. The aneurysm was resected with superior and inferior mesenteric arteries revascularization. Surgical approach is needed in these aneurysms and when they are associated with obstructive disease of other intestinal artery, revascularization is mandatory.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed2004

Visceral periadventitial adipose tissue regulates arterial tone of mesenteric arteries.

Periadventitial adipose tissue produces vasoactive substances that influence vascular contraction. Earlier studies addressed this issue in aorta, a vessel that does not contribute to peripheral vascular resistance. We tested the hypothesis that periadventitial adipose tissue modulates contraction of smaller arteries more relevant to blood pressure regulation. We studied mesenteric artery rings surrounded by periadventitial adipose tissue from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The contractile response to serotonin, phenylephrine, and endothelin I was markedly reduced in intact vessels compared with vessels without periadventitial fat. The contractile response to U46619 or depolarizing high K+-containing solutions (60 mmol/L) was similar in vessels with and without periadventitial fat. The K+ channel opener cromakalim induced relaxation of vessels precontracted by serotonin but not by U46619 or high K+-containing solutions (60 mmol/L), suggesting that K+ channels are involved. The intracellular membrane potential of smooth muscle cells was more hyperpolarized in intact vessels than in vessels without periadventitial fat. Both the anticontractile effect and membrane hyperpolarization of periadventitial fat were abolished by inhibition of delayed-rectifier K+ (K(v)) channels with 4-aminopyridine (2 mmol/L) or 3,4-diaminopyridine (1 mmol/L). Blocking other K+ channels with glibenclamide (3 micromol/L), apamin (1 micromol/L), iberiotoxin (100 nmol/L), tetraethylammonium ions (1 mmol/L), tetrapentylammonium ions (10 micromol/L), or Ba2+ (3 micromol/L) had no effect. Longitudinal removal of half the perivascular tissue reduced the anticontractile effect of fat by almost 50%, whereas removal of the endothelium had no effect. We suggest that visceral periadventitial adipose tissue controls mesenteric arterial tone by inducing vasorelaxation via K(v) channel activation in vascular smooth muscle cells.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous recanalization of superior mesenteric artery occlusion following angioplasty and stenting of inferior mesenteric artery.

An 84-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease was admitted with a progressively worsening diffuse abdominal pain. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and angiography revealed occlusion of the origin and proximal portion of superior mesenteric artery. Aortography also showed severe origin stenosis of inferior mesenteric artery and that the distal part of the superior mesenteric artery was supplied by a prominent marginal artery of Drummond. Patient was effectively treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the inferior mesenteric artery. Follow-up imaging studies demonstrated patency of the stent and spontaneous recanalization of superior mesenteric artery occlusion.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed1986

Aneurysm of the inferior mesenteric artery associated with occlusion of the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery.

The authors report a case of aneurysm of the inferior mesenteric artery encountered in a 38-year-old man, associated with occlusion of the celiac axis, the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery distal to the aneurysm. All three arteries were revascularized. In spite of failure in the bypass of the superior mesenteric artery, the patient remained symptom free until his demise four years later, from a probable myocardial infarction. Only 11 cases of aneurysms of the inferior mesenteric artery have been reported in the literature. The causes, diagnosis and treatment of these uncommon lesions are discussed. When occlusion of the celiac axis is associated with that of the superior mesenteric artery, a complete mesenteric revascularization should be attempted whenever possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Observation of the superior mesenteric artery by ultrasonography: for prediction of the superior mesenteric artery syndrome].

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a major complication after scoliosis surgery. The author reports an ultrasonic observation of the SMA in normal and scoliotic individuals. There are three patterns of the SMA anatomy: Type I in which the SMA runs very close and parallel to the aorta, Type II in which the SMA branches off the aorta at a certain angle and Type III in which the SMA runs parallel to the aorta. Dynamic observation revealed that passage of food displaces the SMA anteriorly and to the left and that turning to the left from a supine position displaces the SMA from just anterior to the left of the aorta in normal individuals and from the right to the left side of the aorta in scoliosis cases. AMA itself has no significance in the occurrence of SMA syndrome because the SMA moves rather freely with the passage of food or position change. When this natural movement of the SMA is disturbed, one should carefully look for the possibility of SMA syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polysplenia syndrome with hepatic artery of superior mesenteric artery origin and a circumaortic renal vein.

An 8 1/2-month-old girl with biliary atresia and polysplenia syndrome having multiple vascular anomalies without cardiac anomalies is reported. Interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygous continuation, which is a common anomaly, was seen in conjunction with origin of the common hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery and with a circumaortic renal vein. The case has particular importance in that no hepatic artery or renal vein variations have been described with biliary atresia and polysplenia syndrome in the literature thus far to our knowledge. The anomalies were shown using different radiological examinations including computed tomography, echocardiography, angiography, venography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

[Changes in the blood flow in celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery after stellate ganglion block].

We evaluated the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on the blood flow of celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) by using the ultrasonic pulse Doppler technique. The subjects were 15 healthy volunteers (14 males, one female; average 26 years old; 22-38). Right C7-SGB was performed using 5 ml of 1% mepivacaine at the 7th cervical process. Blood pressure, heart rate, mean blood flow velocity and diameter in CA and SMA, were measured after 5 minute rest, before and after SGB. To measure the flow velocity and the diameter of vessels, ultrasonic diagnostic equipment SSA-270A or SSA-260A (Thoshiba CO, Ltd.) with convex electric-phased 3.75 MHz, probe was used. Doppler shiftgrams of the CA and SMA were recorded. Then, we calculated their flow volume and sectional area of vessels. In CA mean blood flow velocity tended to decrease (P < 0.05) and both flow volume and sectional area of vessels tended to increase (P < 0.001). In SMA, mean flow velocity tended to decrease (P < 0.05) and sectional area increased (P < 0.001). But flow volume did not show significant change. Our results indicate that right C7-SGB leads to an increase in the blood flow of CA.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of chronic vitamin E deficiency on sympathetic and sensorimotor function in rat mesenteric arteries.

1. Mesenteric arterial beds from male rats deprived of vitamin E for 12 months postweaning were isolated and perfused at 5 ml min-1. 2. The basal perfusion pressure of vitamin E-deficient preparations was significantly higher (34.0 +/- 1.9 mmHg, n = 15) than in age-matched controls (26.1 +/- 2 mmHg, n = 14; P < 0.01). 3. At basal tone, vasoconstrictor responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were not attenuated by vitamin E deficiency; at high stimulation frequencies, responses were enhanced. According to dose-response curves, exogenous noradrenaline was significantly more efficacious in preparations from vitamin E-deficient rats (P < 0.05). 4. In preparations with tone raised by methoxamine (6-20 microM) and in the presence of guanethidine (5 microM), EFS of perivascular sensorimotor nerves elicited frequency-dependent vasodilatation which was significantly attenuated by vitamin E deficiency. There was no difference in relaxation to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 1.5 x 10(-11) mol), or to the sensory neurotoxin capsaicin (5 x 10(-11) mol). 5. Immunohistochemical analysis of CGRP-containing nerves in the superior mesenteric artery showed no differences in density of innervation. 6. In conclusion, chronic vitamin E deficiency impairs sensorimotor vasodilatation in rat mesenteric arteries; this does not appear to be due to changes in postjunctional receptors, or to a depletion of transmitter (CGRP) content of the superior mesenteric artery. Sensorimotor nerves appear to be more vulnerable than sympathetic nerves to chronic vitamin E deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Duodenal meal stimulation leads to coeliac artery vasoconstriction and superior mesenteric artery vasodilatation: an intra-abdominal ultrasound study.

To evaluate the influence of duodenal feeding on splanchnic blood flow, 14 patients with normal coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries underwent intra-abdominal duplex scanning of the systemic and splanchnic circulation under standardised basal and meal-stimulated conditions. Doppler samples and diameter measurements were taken of the aorta, coeliac artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. Duodenal meal stimulation has no systemic effects (p > 0.4). However, duodenal meal stimulation results in coeliac artery vasoconstriction (p < 0.06) and superior mesenteric artery vasodilatation (p < 0.05). This study supports other reported results that gastrointestinal blood flow is dependent on the site of food stimulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Coronary arterial hyperreactivity and mesenteric arterial hyporeactivity after myocardial infarction in the rat.

After myocardial infarction, several neurohumoral systems become activated to maintain systemic perfusion pressure. We evaluated whether this leads to alterations of wall structure and contractile reactivity in the thoracic aorta, coronary septal artery, and mesenteric resistance arteries. In male Wistar rats, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. At 5 weeks after MI or sham operation, vessel segments were isolated, chemically sympathectomized, and mounted in a myograph for recording of isometric force development. Contractile reactivity to high potassium, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, serotonin, and Arg-vasopressin was determined. At the end of the experiments, vessels were fixed for morphometric analysis (cross-sectional area, media thickness, radius, and wall-to-lumen ratio). At 5 weeks after myocardial infarction, no alterations of contractile reactivity or wall structure were observed in the thoracic aorta of MI rats. In mesenteric resistance arteries, a nonselective reduction of maximal active wall tension and of active wall stress in response to vasoconstrictors was observed, whereas vessel wall structure and sensitivity to stimuli were not modified. On the other hand, coronary septal arteries displayed hyperreactivity to all strong contractile stimuli. These observations demonstrate a heterogeneity of arterial reactivity changes at 5 weeks after MI in the rat: (a) no alterations in thoracic aorta, (b) hyporeactivity of mesenteric resistance arteries despite maintenance of media mass, and (c) hyperreactivity of coronary vessels obtained from the hypertrophic remnant myocardium. This could result from the complex regional hemodynamic and neurohumoral changes associated with heart failure and may contribute to the further deterioration of cardiovascular function in this setting.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Stimulation of intestinal mucosal afferent nerves increases superior mesenteric artery and decreases mesenteric adipose tissue blood flow.

We tested the hypothesis that stimulation of intestinal mucosal afferent nerves produces an increase in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) but a decrease in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) blood flow. In anesthetized rats, blood flow in the SMA (pulsed Doppler flowmetry) and MAT (hydrogen gas clearance) was measured simultaneously before and after administration of 0.9% saline, 640 microM capsaicin, or 5% dextrose into the intestinal lumen. The changes in the SMA were 3.8 +/- 3.0, 15.9 +/- 4.0, and 18.8 +/- 7.6%; and those in the MAT, 4.7 +/- 4.0, -11.5 +/- 3.4, and -0.07 +/- 3.4% of baseline, respectively. The data indicate that exposure of the intestinal lumen to an afferent nerve stimulant or nutrient induced a dichotomous pattern of blood flow changes, an increase in the SMA and a reduction in MAT. The capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves may be instrumental in mediating these energy responses.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Superior mesenteric artery stenting for mesenteric ischaemia in Sneddon's syndrome.

Mesenteric ischaemia is a rare but serious cause of abdominal pain. We present the case of a man with Sneddon's syndrome, who had symptomatic mesenteric ischaemia secondary to a superior mesenteric artery stenosis in conjunction with a hepatic artery stenosis. As far as the authors are aware, this has not previously been described in Sneddon's syndrome, which is a vascular systemic disease characterized by an association between cerebrovascular accidents and a livedo reticularis skin rash. He was treated with balloon angioplasty and stent insertion, with good symptomatic improvement. This has implications for other stenoses in this condition should they become symptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of streptozotocin-diabetes on sympathetic nerve, endothelial and smooth muscle function in the rat mesenteric arterial bed.

Mesenteric arterial function was assessed in constantly perfused preparations isolated from rats 12 weeks after treatment with streptozotocin (65 mg kg-1, i.p.) to induce diabetes. Frequency-dependent vasoconstrictor responses to electrical field stimulation of sympathetic nerves (4-32 Hz, 0.1 ms, 90V, 30 s) were severely attenuated in preparations from streptozotocin-diabetic rats, although dose-dependent vasoconstrictions to the sympathetic cotransmitters noradrenaline and ATP, as well as to potassium chloride, were not significantly changed. Dose-dependent relaxations to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine and ATP were significantly impaired in preparations from streptozotocin-diabetic rats, although endothelium-independent vasodilatation to sodium nitroprusside was unimpaired. These results suggest 12 weeks after induction of streptozotocin-diabetes in rats there is pre-junctional impairment of sympathetic neurotransmission and impaired endothelial function of the mesenteric arteries. This is in contrast to our previous findings that at 8 weeks after induction of streptozotocin-diabetes sympathetic nerve and endothelial function is normal, although sensory-motor vasodilatation is severely attenuated. It is suggested that selective changes occur in mesenteric arterial function after streptozotocin treatment depending on the duration of diabetes; sensory-motor nerves are affected first, followed by sympathetic nerves and the endothelium, while the smooth muscle is relatively resistant to change.

Acetylcholine↗