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PubMed1978

Problems in diagnosis and therapy of Mycobacterium fortuitum infections.

Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated 11 times from 8 patients during a 6-year period. Six of the isolates were from sputum; one was from aspiration of a lymph node, and 4 were from wound cultures. The isolation from sputum was believed not to be associated with pulmonary infection in all 6 instances. The difficulty in diagnosis and therapy of infections with Mycobacterium fortuitum is illustrated by these cases and by others from the literature. Amikacin and doxycycline may offer some therapeutic benefit for patients with Mycobacterium fortuitum infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Mycobacterium ulcerans infection].

Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, or Buruli ulcer, is the third most common mycobacterial disease of the immunocompetent host in the tropical areas. M. ulcerans reservoir is aquatic. Infection occurs in children and young adults. The lesion begins with an indolent subcutaneous nodule, principally located on the limbs, that progressively changes into a deep indolent extensive ulcer. M. ulcerans produces a lipidic necrotic and immunosuppressive toxin, named mycolactone, that causes the clinical lesions. In endemic areas, clinical diagnosis is confirmed by microscopic examination. Spontaneous healing occurs after several months or years, causing retractile scars. Surgical excision and grafting is the treatment of choice. Antibiotic therapy is of limited value.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Postulated epidemiology of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.

Mycobacterium ulcerans infection occurs in closely defined areas throughout the world, mostly in the tropics. Whenever it occurs there is a relationship with rain forest and this relationship is apparent in Gippsland, Australia which is not tropical but which contains isolated pockets of relict warm temperate rain forest. Human infection follows rain forest disturbance; it is postulated that the mycobacterium is carried into draining lacustrine systems where it multiplies over a period of months or years and is then disseminated in aerosol from to re-infect its ancestral home and incidentally to infect man.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1996

Bacillary angiomatosis and mycobacterium infection coexisting in a cutaneous lesion in a patient with AIDS.

Bacillary angiomatosis is a recently recognized bacterial infectious disease. It mainly affects patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The presence of coexistent infections of more than one pathologic process in skin lesions in patients with AIDS has been demonstrated. We report a patient with AIDS in whom both bacillary angiomatosis and mycobacterium infection were documented within the same cutaneous lesion.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary Mycobacterium fortuitum infection.

Mycobacterium fortuitum, a common saprophyte usually found in water and soil, can also be isolated from sputum and gastric secretions of healthy carriers. Under certain conditions, significant clinical infections due to M. fortuitum do occur. Urinary tract infections are rarely caused by atypical mycobacteria. This report describes a urinary tract infection caused by M. fortuitum in a 73-year-old patient treated with corticosteroids for bronchial asthma, who was successfully treated with ofloxacin.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of granulomatous diseases of the lung, including nontuberculous Mycobacterium infection.

The spectrum of cytomorphologic changes of pulmonary granulomas diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is reported, with a review of the pertinent literature concerning the cytologic diagnosis of granulomatous disease. In our cases, organisms were not seen in the Papanicolaou-stained smears. Recognition of the granulomatous cellular pattern, however, resulted in a thorough search for organisms by special stains, and an etiologic diagnosis was made in each case. These cases emphasize the need for routine staining and culture of FNA material when an initial diagnosis of malignancy is not made. One of the cases appears to be the first report of a nontuberculous Mycobacterium infection diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Azithromycin and Mycobacterium avium infection].

Mycobacterium avium infection is a frequent complication during the late stage of AIDS. M. avium is resistant or poorly susceptible to classical antituberculosis drugs. Some new macrolide antibiotics such as clarithromycin or azithromycin are bactericidal against M. avium, and their use has dramatically improved the prognosis of this infection. In vitro, azithromycin has MICs against M. avium ranging from 4 to 64 MIC50 being 16 mg/l and a MIC90 being 32 mg/l. Despite low concentrations in serum, close to 0.4 mg/l, very high intracellular concentrations of azithromycin, above the MIC, may be achieved. Azithromycin is active in vitro in the model of macrophage infection. Furthermore, azithromycin is active against murine experimental infection with M. avium. Clinical studies conducted among patients with AIDS have shown that azithromycin was active against disseminated M. avium infection, with a dose of 600 mg/d. Ongoing studies are designed to better determine the ideal dose, to compare its activity with that of clarithromycin and to determine the antibiotics that could be combined to prevent the selection of resistant mutants. Other ongoing studies are evaluating the efficacy of azithromycin for the chemoprophylaxis of M. avium infection in HIV infected patients with a CD4T lymphocyte concentration lower than 100/mm3.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗