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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Serum prolactin levels in normal women and in women with disorders of menstruation.

The mean (+/-SD) serum prolactin (PRL) level of 78 normal premenopausal women was 10-6+/-3-0 ng/ml, and this was significantly different from that of post-menopausal women (8-2+/-4-0 ng/ml) and women taking combined oral contraceptive preparations (12-2+/-4-0 ng/ml). No significant differences were found between follicular and luteal phase PRL levels. Serum PRL levels higher than the ranges given above were found in 31 of 87 patients with secondary amenorrhoea and two of 41 patients with oligomenorrhoea. Nine of the 33 patients with hyperprolactinaemia did not have galactorrhoea. Only two of the patients with hyperprolactinaemia had pituitary tumours evident on skull X-ray films. Serum PRL levels were of value in predicting the likely success in achieving ovulation with clomiphene citrate or CB-154; clomiphene citrate was less likely to be successful in the presence of hyperprolactinaemia, whereas the reverse applied for treatment with CB-154.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Suppression of prolactin secretion by lisuride throughout the menstrual cycle and in hyperprolactinaemic menstrual disorders.

Normally menstruating volunteers as well as patients with hyperprolactinaemic menstrual disorders were treated with lisuride hydrogen maleate (200 micrograms b.i.d.), an ergoline derivative with dopaminergic properties. Within 3 h after an oral dose of 200 micrograms lisuride, PRL levels decreased significantly in all subjects to a plateau which lasted up to 3 h. Thereafter a gradual increase of serum PRL was noted. In the normally menstruating volunteers lisuride treatment did not result in any significant change of gonadotrophin or of sex steroid secretion, while both, basal as well as metoclopramide (MTCL) stimulated PRL release were significantly diminished. The inhibition of PRL secretion in patients with short luteal phases resulted in an increase of luteal progesterone output. In both treated groups ovulation occurred 1 to 5 days earlier in cycles on lisuride than in control cycles. LF-RH/MTCL tests performed in the patient bearing a pituitary prolactinoma before and after lisuride treatment revealed a continuous increase of pituitary LH pools, while PRL secretion decreased under lisuride therapy. Subsequently ovulation and menstruation occurred. The data presented demonstrate that lisuride is a potent inhibitor of PRL secretion and has proven its clinical usefulness for treatment of hyperprolactinaemic menstrual disorders. Application of lisuride resulted in an increase of luteal progesterone secretion in previously demonstrated corpus luteum insufficiency as well as in restoration of normal cyclical feedback mechanisms in tumorous hyperprolactinaemic anovulation. The MTCL-PRL stimulation test is suitable to monitor PRL suppression during lisuride treatment, while LH-RH testing reveals the effectiveness of lisuride by demonstrating an increase of pituitary gonadotrophin pools.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

The significance of galactorrhea in patients with normal menses, oligomenorrhea, and secondary amenorrhea.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin (PRL) were measured in a group of 149 women with galactorrhea. Three of these patients were found to have primary hypothyroidism. In the remaining 146 patients, the PRL assay was correlated with the menstrual history and the results of hypocycloidal polytomography. Sixty-two per cent of these patients had hyperprolactinemia and 35 per cent had abnormal tomograms. Nine patients with abnormal x-rays had normal prolactin levels. None of the patients with normal menses and normal PRL was found to have an abnormal x-ray. Fourteen of the 15 patients with PRL levels greater than 200 ng. per milliliter had abnormal tomograms. Almost 70 per cent of patients with secondary amenorrhea and low estrogen status had abnormal x-rays. In patients with oligomenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea with normal estrogen status, it was not possible to differentiate between patients with normal or abnormal tomograms based on the level of serum PRL. Polytomography remains the single most important diagnostic test in establishing the presence of a pituitary tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Case of postpregnancy diencephalosis with manifestations of psudotumor cerebri].

The authors report a female patient with postpregnancy diencephalosis in whom in close correlation with premenstrual tension syndrome acute cerebral oedema developed repeatedly with signs of tentorial herniation. Owing to treatment with substitutive cyclopeptide hormones stimulating secondarily the failing hypophysis complete disappearance of these signs was obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Cytogenetic studies in women with primary amenorrhea (author's transl)].

During the past 10 years, 106 women with primary amenorrhea were studied. According to the X chromatin determination the cases were subdivided into 2 main groups. In the X chromatin negative group the Y chromatin positive and the Y chromatin negative cases were differentiated by fluorescent methods. The diagnosis was made according to the chromosome analysis. The X chromatin positive cases were classified following in detail clinical and cytogenetic studies. In our series, 50% of the cases showed chromosomal abnormalities whereas the literature reports 20-25% chromosomal abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

New concepts in dysmenorrhea.

The etiology of primary dysmenorrhea, which is the most common gynecologic complaint and cause of lost working hours, remains obscure but merits careful scientific investigation. Recent studies suggest that increased endometrial prostaglandin production and release may be responsible for dysmenorrhea. Prostaglandins cause myometrial contractility that, if excessive, leads to uterine ischemia and pain. This hypothesis has led to clinical trials of antiprostaglandin agents such as indomethacin and fenamates, which inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin through the prostaglandin synthetase system as well as antagonize their action at the cell receptor level. The good response of dysmenorrhea to other conventional forms of therapy such as oral contraceptives and dilatation of the cervix can be partly explained on the basis of a reduced level of prostaglandins in the menstrual fluid with such therapy. There is a definite need for further evaluation of the antiprostaglandin compounds in the treatment of dysmenorrhea so that sound formulations can be evolved for the elimination of this incapacitating disorder.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1976

The diagnosis and treatment of amenorrheas.

Correct diagnosis and treatment of amenorrhea is a challenging problem to the clinician. A systematic approach to the differential diagnosis and treatment, based on functional activity along the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, is presented. By obtaining a detailed history, performing a meticulous physical examination, and utilizing several simple clinical and laboratory tests, a correct diagnosis can be reached for the majority of patients. Treatment is relatively simple and geared to the patient's desires. In most instances, understanding of the basic problem helps the patient to cope with it and no treatment is needed. If lack of menses is a problem, cyclic bleeding at regular intervals can be induced. When fertility is a problem, ovulation can be induced, provided that there is no ovarian failure. By spending sufficient time with the patient, paying attention to detail, and giving some thought, a correct diagnosis can be reached and adequate treatment given to most amenorrheic patients.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1977

Pregnancy following thyroid hormone treatment in a patient with amenorrhea-galactorrhea due to primary hypothyroidism.

A 32-year-old female with amenorrhea-galactorrhea due to primary hypothyroidism was treated with thyroid hormones, and serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), and T3 resin sponge uptake (RT3U) were measured throughout the course of treatment. The elevated serum levels of TSH and PRL fell into the normal range following T3 treatment. Subsequently, the menstrual cycle was restored within 1 month, and galactorrhea completely ceased and conception was achieved within 3 months. Desiccated thyroid was administered during pregnancy, and the patient gave birth to a female infant. Impaired secretion of PRL during pregnancy and poor milk secretion with blunted response of PRL to the suckling stimulus during the puerperium were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

10-year survey of 485 sterilisations. Part I--Sterilisation or hysterectomy?

A survey was made of all sterilisations performed in an obstetric and gynaecological unit in Dunfermline in 1965-74 to determine the outcome and complications. Altogether 547 women were sterilised by the modified Pomeroy method, and 485 (88.7%) were interviewed and examined. No sterilisation was followed by serious complications, and the incidence of even minor complications was low (4.12%). There were no subsequent pregnancies. Altogether 57 women had to be referred for gynaecological operations in the years after sterilisation but only 18 of these had to have hysterectomies. At interview 59 women were found to have gynaecological symptoms (menstrual disorders in 46), and examination showed that 83 women had a gynaecological condition, which was in most cases unsuspected by the patient. Most of these conditions were minor but three women had carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix. Although 46 women suffered menstrual disorders after sterilisation 104 had done so at some time before the operation. These results therefore offer little support for the wider use of hysterectomy as a form of sterilisation.

Adult↗