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PubMed2004

Use of the internet for health information by African-Americans with modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Internet use among African-Americans at risk of cardiovascular disease and to determine the feasibility of developing Webbased, culturally relevant health information programs to reduce cardiovascular disease in the African American faith community. A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the association of Internet use with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among members of African Methodist Episcopal churches in South Carolina. A telephone survey including questions on demographic factors, medical history, diet, and exercise was administered to a sample of 208 adult church members. A preventable CVD risk factor was defined as having any of the following: hypertension, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette use, and not participating in moderate physical activity. A logistic regression determined the relationship of having a preventable CVD risk factor with Internet use while controlling for potential confounding variables. Among respondents, 47% used the Internet with most (65%) using it for 1 month or less. Most (87%) have at least one preventable CVD risk factor. Both higher education and younger age were significantly associated with Internet use. Results of the logistic regression indicate that individuals with a cardiovascular risk factor were not significantly less likely to use the Internet when controlling for age and education. Use of the Internet has potential to reach large populations, however, more work needs to be done to increase access to the Internet by older African-Americans at greatest risk of CVD before this approach can be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

End-of-life decisions: Christian perspectives.

While legal rights to make medical treatment decisions at the end of one's life have been recognized by the courts, particular religious traditions put axiological and metaphysical meat on the bare bones of legal rights. Mere legal rights do not capture the full reality, meaning and importance of death. End-of-life decisions reflect not only the meaning we find in dying, but also the meaning we have found in living. The Christian religions bring particular understandings of the vision of life as a gift from God, human responsibility for stewardship of that life, the wholeness of the person, and the importance of the dying process in preparing spiritually for life beyond earthly life, to bear on end-of-life decisions.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed2006

Health care provider advice for African American adults not meeting health behavior recommendations.

INTRODUCTION: Poor dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle contribute to excessive morbidity and mortality. Healthy People 2010 goals are for 85% of physicians to counsel their patients about physical activity and for 75% of physician office visits made by patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or dyslipidemia to include dietary counseling. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine the rate of participant-reported health care provider advice for healthy lifestyle changes among African Americans who do not meet recommendations for physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and healthy weight; 2) examine correlates of provider advice; and 3) assess the association between provider advice and stage of readiness for change for each of these health behaviors. METHODS: Data for this study were collected as part of a statewide faith-based physical activity program for African Americans. A stratified random sample of 20 African Methodist Episcopal churches in South Carolina was selected to participate in a telephone survey of members aged 18 years and older. The telephone survey, conducted over a 5-month period, asked participants a series of questions about sociodemographics, health status, physical activity, and nutrition. Analyses for moderate to vigorous physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and weight loss were conducted separately. For each of these behaviors, logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the independent association of sex, age, body mass index, education, number of diagnosed diseases, perceived health, and stage of change with health care provider advice for health behaviors. RESULTS: A total of 572 church members (407 women, 165 men; mean age, 53.9 years; range, 18-102 years) completed the survey. Overall, participant-reported provider advice for lifestyle changes was 47.0% for physical activity, 38.7% for fruit and vegetable consumption, and 39.7% for weight. A greater number of diagnosed diseases and higher body mass index were independently associated with receiving advice to increase physical activity. A more advanced stage of change and a greater number of diagnosed diseases were independently associated with receiving advice for fruit and vegetable consumption. Body mass index, stage of change, and poorer perceived health were independently associated with receiving advice about weight. CONCLUSION: Health care provider advice appears to be based predominantly on comorbidities. Because of the preventive benefit of physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and healthy weight, all health care providers are urged to increase counseling for all patients not meeting health behavior recommendations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The role of the black church in working with black adolescents.

Six hundred and thirty-five Northern black churches were surveyed regarding the offering of youth support programs. Of these, 176 reported having at least one program directed at adolescent nonmembers of the church, primarily from low-income homes. The most common programs consisted of Christian fellowships, ministry, counseling, group discussions, rap sessions, seminars, and workshops. Sports activities were second in frequency. Least common were AIDS and youth health-related services. It appears the greatest interest in youth programs are in churches that are Methodist, older, middle-class, large in membership, owned or mortgaged, and with more paid clergy and staff. Characteristics of youth-oriented pastors are discussed. Generally, it was found that some of the most prominent issues facing black adolescents are not being adequately addressed by black churches. Suggestions for improving this situation are made as well as citations of promising programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Religious sentiment in church affiliates and nonaffiliates.

The Religious Life Inventory was administered to 454 college students, members of one of three religious denominations (Catholic, Methodist, Baptist) or a member of no church (nonaffiliate). An evaluation of the four groups on 3 scales showed nonaffiliates scored less external in religious sentiment than affiliates, Baptists scored higher on internal religious sentiment than nonaffiliates, and no differences among groups were found for interactional religious sentiment.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting quality education for the Parish nurse and Parish nurse coordinator.

A nurse working in the context of the church is not a new concept. What is new at this time is the profile of such a role. Parish nursing is a health promotion, disease prevention role that has spiritual care as its hallmark. The functions of the role are health educator, health counselor, referral source, liaison with congregational and community resources, facilitator and teacher of volunteers, and interpreter of the close relationship between faith and health (Djupe, Olson, & Ryan, 1994). The breadth of parish nursing has grown considerably since 1984: from six nurses working in the northwest suburban areas of Chicago, in partnership with six local churches representing Lutheran, Roman Catholic, and Methodist traditions, to nurses working within all mainline denominations in 48 states, Canada, Australia, and Korea in 1997. This expansion has led to some growing pains for the profession. The need to set standards for the preparation and practice of parish nurses and their supervisors has become apparent.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2004

Genetic effects on alcohol dependence risk: re-evaluating the importance of psychiatric and other heritable risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Genetic influences have been shown to play a major role in determining the risk of alcohol dependence (AD) in both women and men; however, little attention has been directed to identifying the major sources of genetic variation in AD risk. METHOD: Diagnostic telephone interview data from young adult Australian twin pairs born between 1964 and 1971 were analyzed. Cox regression models were fitted to interview data from a total of 2708 complete twin pairs (690 MZ female, 485 MZ male, 500 DZ female, 384 DZ male, and 649 DZ female/male pairs). Structural equation models were fitted to determine the extent of residual genetic and environmental influences on AD risk while controlling for effects of sociodemographic and psychiatric predictors on risk. RESULTS: Risk of AD was increased in males, in Roman Catholics, in those reporting a history of major depression, social anxiety problems, and conduct disorder, or (in females only) a history of suicide attempt and childhood sexual abuse; but was decreased in those reporting Baptist, Methodist, or Orthodox religion, in those who reported weekly church attendance, and in university-educated males. After allowing for the effects of sociodemographic and psychiatric predictors, 47 % (95% CI 28-55) of the residual variance in alcoholism risk was attributable to additive genetic effects, 0% (95% CI 0-14) to shared environmental factors, and 53% (95% CI 45-63) to nonshared environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS: Controlling for other risk factors, substantial residual heritability of AD was observed, suggesting that psychiatric and other risk factors play a minor role in the inheritance of AD.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The historical roots of high rates of infant death in Aboriginal communities in Canada in the early twentieth century: the case of Fisher River, Manitoba.

Infant mortality is investigated for a period of thirty years at the beginning of the 20th century in the Aboriginal Nations community of Fisher River, Manitoba. Infant mortality rates were generated from parish records of infant burials from the Methodist mission at Fisher River and later archived at the United Church Archives in Winnipeg, Man. The average infant mortality rate (IMR) for the total period (1910-1939) was 249 per 1000 live births, an exceedingly high rate compared to modern IMRs and even higher than those in developing countries today. Acute respiratory infections were found to be the cause of death in the majority of cases. These infectious diseases and high rates of postneonatal infant mortality point to conditions of poverty associated with malnutrition as the major precipitating factor in infant death. Fisher River, like other early 20th century First Nations communities in Canada, experienced socio-economic deprivation because of the decline of the fur trade and the underdevelopment of a reserve economy competing for resources with the Canadian government and Euro-Canadian settlers. These conditions of economic and political marginalization are concluded to be the ultimate causes of high rates of infant mortality and are incorporated in a disease ecology model.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1992

Volunteers for community health. An Ohio hospital sponsors parish nursing programs for area churches and synagogues.

Since 1989, St. Elizabeth Hospital Medical Center, Youngstown, OH, has been conducting a hospital-based, multidenominational volunteer parish nurse program, which now extends to 11 Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Methodist, Jewish, and Greek Orthodox congregations. Seventeen volunteer nurses are involved, responding to needs within their congregations by providing a variety of healthcare and educational services while revitalizing the Church's healing ministry. Volunteers selected are competent, experienced registered nurses who can relate to and communicate with people of all ages, accurately assess health-related problems, and make appropriate nursing decisions. Parish nurses focus on preventive care, health maintenance, and personal responsibility for maintaining a healthy life-style. Volunteer nurses determine their own schedule, contributing as much time as they can. Each volunteer nurse is responsible for developing a record-keeping system, documenting his or her parish activities, and submitting a quarterly report of volunteer hours and activities to the hospital. Hospital supports include the initial two-day orientation; monthly meetings at the hospital for information sharing, education, and mutual support; and nursing continuing education programs In addition, an advisory committee provides program support and education. St. Elizabeth Hospital Medical Center is exploring several methods of enhancing its health ministry outreach to congregations in dire need of such services.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2006

The health-e-AME faith-based physical activity initiative: Description and baseline findings.

This article provides an overview of the development, implementation, and baseline findings from a statewide faith-based physical activity (PA) initiative. The 3-year program is training African Methodist Episcopal volunteers across South Carolina to implement programs to increase PA in their congregations. To date, 98 churches have been trained. Interviews done with a random sample (n = 39) indicated that 54% are implementing at least one PA program. The baseline telephone survey (N = 571) estimates that 27.8% of the population is regularly active, 54.9% underactive, and 17.3% sedentary. Baseline rates of regular PA were higher in those who were younger, healthier, and nonsmokers. Challenges to date have included obtaining rosters and implementing a large-scale program with limited resources. Interest in the program has been strong and supported by church leaders. Current efforts are on training additional churches and working with those already trained to support sustainability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Using The Discipline for integrative ministry formation.

One United Methodist Annual Conference has begun a program of ministry formation education for probationary, first-appointment ministers in conjunction with Emory Clergy Care, Atlanta. This program uses an adaptation of The Discipline as an integral part of their ongoing formation education. Participants have learned the basics of planned pastoral care delivery, family and congregational systems thinking and self-supervision. Using The Discipline, they have been effectively adapting it to their local church settings and ministries.

Clergy↗
PubMed1999

The meaning and experience of health ministry within the culture of a congregation with a parish nurse.

A growing number of nurses are working with congregations in churches, synagogues, and mosques, trying to promote health through integrating religious beliefs and health knowledge. The concept of health ministry guides nursing practice when working with congregations. This ethnographic study aims to understand the meaning and experience of health ministry within the culture of a congregation with a parish nurse examining both emic and etic perspectives. Utilizing participant observation, interviews, and reviews of written documents, an ethnography was created of an ethnically diverse, urban United Methodist congregation with a volunteer parish nurse. Two forms of health ministry were found within the congregation, which the investigator named extrinsic and intrinsic health ministry. Extrinsic health ministry included activities whose explicit purpose was to promote health. Intrinsic health ministry included activities and experiences within congregational life whose express purpose was something other than health promotion, yet participants identified it as promoting their health. Implications for transcultural nurses include using knowledge of congregational cultures to facilitate culturally congruent health ministry.

Anthropology, Cultural↗