Analysis of life-time migration in the former Transkei, Eastern Cape.
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"This paper uses a two-level nested logit model to explain the inter-stratum (city, town and rural county) and interprovincial migration behaviors of the young adults (aged 17-29) in China during a three-year period (1985-87), based on the micro data of the 1987 National Population Survey. The migration propensity of each person is represented by a departure probability and a destination choice probability. These probabilities are then expressed as functions of personal factors and place attributes. The main findings are that personal factors are of paramount importance in explaining the departure behaviors, and that both departure and destination behaviors responded to market forces in a sensible way, despite government control on territorial movements."
The authors analyze post-retirement migration trends and the decision-making processes that determine this behavior. "We will deal here with issues which indicate not only who among pre-retirees are likely to relocate upon retirement, but also when in the pre-retirement phase decisions about the move are made and the role which individuals' ties to specific places and the characteristics of places themselves play in the decision-making process." Data are from a pilot study conducted in North Carolina in 1992.
"This paper considers frontier migration to the Ecuador Amazon as a multistage phenomenon, examining the entire migration stream from its origins in highland and coastal locales of Ecuador, to intermediate stops outside and within the Amazon, to final Amazon destinations. The approach is one where models pertaining to regional development, migration, and pioneer activity are treated as complementary to one another and meshed with a qualitative knowledge of place. It is shown that frontier settlement patterns reflect the composite of these models, a maturing space-economy, and the interaction of local characteristics with exogenous circumstances representing national and international contexts."
"This paper discusses...the impact of land ownership on the transmigrant farmer's participation in new land development for irrigated paddy fields, taking Lampung Province (the pioneer settlement of the transmigration programme) as the specific area of reference. Special attention is focused on the case of the Way Rarem Irrigation Project in the northern part of Lampung, Southern Sumatra.... There is no evidence in this analysis to support the hypothesis that the income level of the farmer contributes to the progress of land development. The ethnicity or province of origin is also insignificant in its effect on land development. Similarly, transmigration status does not show any significant relation to land development." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
"The comprehensive overview of Asian-Pacific migration summarizes early population movements during the colonial period and describes the major types of contemporary Asian population movements: (1) environmental refugees, (2) political refugees, (3) internal population movements, (4) contract labor migration, (5) migration of permanent settlers, (6) business related movements and tourism. Projections of net international migration are given. Population growth, employment absorption and emigration pressures are likely to contribute to a large mobility potential for Asia, with significant implications for Australia."
"The paper focuses on one main issue: the relative importance of housing and labour market forces in explaining the volume and nature of migration to the southeast region [of England]." The author reviews recent literature in an attempt to determine "why people migrated to [and from] the southeast...[and] what the consequences of these in-migration and out-migration streams were for their respective origin and destination regions."
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"In this paper the determinants of [the] migration [of elderly people] are analyzed with special reference to how cost of living influences the selection of a destination by migrating elderly persons (55 and over) during 1975-1980 [in the United States]. The results of the study support the hypothesis that cost of living differentials provide the elderly an incentive to move that is not unlike the incentive wage differentials provide members of the labor force. The results indicate that cost of living differentials among groups of Florida counties have a major impact on the migration decisions of elderly households."
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"This paper investigates the influence of politically determined wage rates on migration between Germany's new and old states. Apart from their direct influence on expected income and hence on migration, nominal wages affect migration indirectly by the unemployment they generate. Under reasonable assumptions the relation between nominal wages and migration is negative. The long-run influence of wages on capital accumulation and hence employment opportunities emphasizes that wage policy can be used either to control the long-run population stock or to stop migration immediately. That latter requires instantaneous wage-rate adjustments and initial wage-rate undershooting." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
"This study examines the extent to which internal migration among recent immigrants to Canada is affected and constrained by characteristics related to admission. By examining measures of information and personal ties, it may be possible to establish that migration behavior is rational regardless of economic incentives." It is suggested that "internal migration in the first year after arrival is strongly affected by characteristics such as admission status, destination at arrival, reason for immigration, and area of origin. With increasing length of residence in Canada, though, the effect of these admission factors on internal migration behavior diminishes." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
The author discusses "the likely scale of in-migration from the other former union republics into the Russian Republic over the remainder of this decade....I believe that during the 1990s there will be continued mass in-migration into Russia from the seven former union republics of Central Asia and the Transcaucasus....I also foresee that Russians will continue to leave such inhospitable milieux as southern Kazakhstan and western Ukraine."
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"In 1993, out migration from five villages in the upper valley of the Senegal river appears to be as intensive as it was ten years ago, but with the difference that new social groups are now concerned: children, women, and older men. Migration of family groups is essentially characteristic of international migrants, although all the members of the family do not always move to the same place. Besides pendular and incomplete migrations, settlement in Dakar can be observed, probably corresponding to a progressive [severance] from the village of origin. Exogamy and nonresidential polygamy also contribute to a multilocalization of the family and of the community of origin, thus strengthening the flows of migrants, especially to Dakar." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)
"This article uses the Public Use Sample file of the 1986 Canadian census to characterize and explain the interprovincial migration patterns of the foreign-born in Canada. Simple overall in- and outmigration rates are calculated for the foreign-born and compared to the interprovincial migration rates for Canadian-born migrants, specifically primary, return and onward migrants. A two-level nested logit model is then applied for foreign-born migrants age 20-64 to study the effects of personal factors and provincial attributes on their interprovincial migration patterns. The foreign-born have higher in- and outmigration rates than primary migrants, with Ontario having a strong ability to attract and retain the foreign-born. Despite these differences, the foreign-born respond to economic variables in a rational way and relatively little of the migration decision process can be explained by place-of-birth effects. Selectivity with respect to personal factors (i.e., education, age, sex, family type) is similar to the Canadian-born."
"We take advantage of a large panel data base covering most Norwegian municipalities during seven years to examine the relationship between local public services and migration to and from municipalities for different age groups. The main innovation of the paper is that we use a survey data set to verify that the input measures employed as explanatory variables in the migration study actually are related to citizen satisfaction with local public services. We find that the results depend crucially on whether the input measures are instrumented. When input measures are instrumented, we find few effects of local public services on migration."