Comparative structural analysis of high mobility group proteins from a variety of sources. Evidence for a high mobility group protein unique to avian erythrocyte nuclei.
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Animals↗
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Results for “Mobility”
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In-vitro mobility of the lumbar spine.
As part of a systematic study of the spine between D11 and S1 the response to stress has been assessed by measuring radiologically the total and segmental mobility of 103 specimens. The method was shown to be reproducible to within 10% of total mobility. No significant sex difference was seen. Total mobility varied widely, but mean total mobility fell with age. All lumbar segments became less mobile up to the fifth decade. Between the fifth and the eighth decade the mobility of the fifth lumbar segment continued to fall, whereas other lumbar segments became more mobile. The mobility of each segment also varied widely, but the mean segmental mobility fell progressively from L5 to D11. However, this smooth pattern of movement was seen in only 16 cases, mostly adolescents and young adults. Among the remainder, in which movement was irregularly distributed, there were 7 cases (4 aged less than 30 years) in which the mobility of at least 1 segment was more than 2 standard deviations above the mean. The cause of this hypermobility was not evident radiologically. It is suggested that segments with abnormally high mobility may be at risk.
Adolescent↗
Early mobilization within 24 to 48 h improves postoperative clinical outcomes in older adults with hip fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND: Hip fracture is a major public health concern among older adults, often resulting in prolonged disability, institutionalization, and increased healthcare burden. Early mobilization has been widely recommended to enhance postoperative recovery; however, there is a lack of consolidated evidence quantifying its impact on clinical and functional outcomes. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the impact of early mobilization following hip fracture surgery in older adults and to explore potential sources of heterogeneity to better inform clinical and nursing practice. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, and Emcare) from inception to June 15, 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies comparing early mobilization (defined as ambulation within 24 to 48 h postoperatively) to delayed or usual mobilization in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Primary outcomes included mortality, discharge destination, and length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, functional recovery, and readmission. Risk of bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies involving 297,435 patients were included. Compared with delayed mobilization, early mobilization significantly reduced 30-day mortality (relative risk = 0.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.64) and 1-year mortality (relative risk = 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.80) (both p < 0.05). In regional analyses of pooled mortality, similar reductions were observed across Asia-Pacific, North America, and Europe. Patients receiving early mobilization were more likely to be discharged home and had shorter hospital stays. Early mobilization also resulted in a reduced risk of postoperative complications (relative risk = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.84, p < 0.05), with specific improvements in pneumonia and thromboembolism rates. Functional independence was significantly improved, as shown by higher Barthel Index scores and increased odds of achieving Functional Independence Measure ≥5 at discharge. No significant difference was observed in readmission rates. CONCLUSIONS: lization within 24 to 48 h following hip fracture surgery was associated with favorable outcomes, including reduced mortality, improved functional independence, higher rates of discharge to home, shorter hospital length of stay, and fewer postoperative complications. Although heterogeneity across studies and the predominance of observational evidence warrant cautious interpretation, these findings support current recommendations for early mobilization and highight the potential value of structured and standardized mobilization protocols in routine postoperative hip fracture care.
Humans↗
Study of electrophoretic mobility of cellular membranes isolated from rat liver.
Plasma membranes as well as mitochondrial and microsomal subfractions were subjected to zone electrophoresis. Treatment with neuraminidase, phospholipase A or C does not influence the movement of plasma membranes and smooth microsomes. Trypsin increases mobility of plasma membranes and smooth by about 20%, and further treatment with phospholipase C decreases mobility of plasma membranes, total smooth and smooth I microsomes, which, however, is not the case with smooth II microsomes. Low concentrations of trypsin also solubilize enzyme proteins of smooth microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rat liver, but electrophoretic mobility is not increased, indicating structural differences in induced membranes. The mobility of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes is significantly higher than that of submitochondrial particles. For microsomes the negative surface charge density occurs in the decreasing order of: ribosomes--rough--smooth I--smooth II. A 10 mM CsCl gradient decreases the mobility of rough microsomes by 40% and of ribosomes by 20% but has no effect on total smooth micromes. On the other hand, 5mM MgCl2 decreased the mobility of all three fractions. EDTA-treated rough and EDTA-treated smooth microsomes have the same electrophoretic mobilities. However, the mobilities of non-treated rough and smooth microsomes differ significantly from each other.
Animals↗
Mobilization of iron from specifically labeled reticulocyte ghosts.
Specifically labeled 59Fe ghosts have been prepared by incubation of whole reticulocytes with 59Fe3+-transferrin-CO3(2)-- followed by washing and ghost isolation. The binding of 59Fe by the membrane fraction is quite stable over a wide range of conditions, but iron mobilization occurs on incubation with chelating agents or cell lysate. The time course of 59Fe mobilization by unlabeled reticulocyte lysate exhibits five apparently zero-order phases. The rate of iron mobilization is linearly dependent on the concentration of 59Fe ghosts present in the incubation mixture. In contrast, the relative concentration of lysate appears to exhibit a saturation dependence with regard to membrane iron mobilization. Bathophenanthroline sulfonate follows a multiphasic time course of iron mobilization similar to that found with the lysate. Lysate from mature erythrocytes was found to mobilize iron with kinetics that are identical to reticulocyte lysate. The number and duration of the phases is independent of the mobilizing agent. The role of the membrane fraction in regulating the rate of iron release to cytosol was also investigated by the repetitive incubation of 59Fe ghosts with fresh lysate. The rate of 59Fe mobilization depended on the condition of the ghost with regard to prior 59Fe depletion. This publication emphasizes the active role of the membrane fraction in determining the rate at which iron will become available to the cytosol and the possibility that cytosol factors modulate the action of membrane bound components.
Animals↗
Feasibility of early mobilization after acute myocardial infarction.
The purpose of the study was to determine the proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for whom an early programme of mobilization, independent of sex and age was possible, and the main reasons for delay of mobilization. Mobilization according to the programme (sitting on day 2 and standing on day 3) succeeded for 49% of the 241 patients alive and conscious after the 1st day, and there were no significant difference with regard to age and sex. The main reasons for delayed mobilization were prolonged chest pain, conduction disturbances and pulmonary oedema. Discharge on day 10 was feasible for 58% of the 241 patients alive and conscious after the 1st day. The mean hospital stay of the patients discharged later than that was 17.3 days. The reasons for the delayed discharge were delayed mobilization, chest pain persisting while in the ward, reinfarction, social, and other reasons. Early programmed mobilization was thus feasible for almost half the patients, and mobilization had been started in over 90% of the patients by the 5th day. Nevertheless, the remarkably high proportion of readmissions (13.3% of all discharged patients) and reinfarctions (6.9%) within the 30 days following discharge may indicate disadvantages in the early mobilization of some patients.
Acute Disease↗
An evaluation of clinical tooth mobility measurements.
This study evaluated the reliability and reproducibility of the modified Miller Index of horizontal tooth mobility. Each of three periodontists utilizing the modified Miller Index assessed the horizontal tooth mobility of 50 teeth in five subjects. The same teeth were also evaluated by the periodontometer. The results of these two methods were then compared. It was found that: (1) there were a high positive correlation between the periodontists' (pooled) assessment of clinical tooth mobility and the measurements of the periodontometer, (2) in any given patient the three periodontists (pooled) were highly accurate in their ability to rank teeth in order of their mobility as determined by the periodontometer, and (3) the periodontists (individually) were not as consistent when comparing teeth with the Miller Index across different subjects. The periodontists did not accurately utilize the Miller Index as it was originally described. It appears that the periodontists either ignored the reference to 1 mm in the description of the Miller Index, or they were unable to estimate what constitutes 1 mm of movemnet in the mouth. The periodontists all consistently scored as a 2 degrees mobility a tooth that moved approximately 0.5 mm not 1.0 mm as described by Miller. It is suggested that the modified Miller Index as described here provides an efficacious system for evaluating horizontal tooth mobility. It provides accurate, reproducible mobility scores in clinical studies requiring an estimation of this parameter. However, for individual teeth, when the clinician or researcher is trying to evaluate the effects of therapy on the periodontium and relatively few evaluation are made, the modified Miller Index may not provide the required degree of sensitively.
Adult↗
Studies on the degradation of high mobility group non-histone chromosomal proteins.
During the isolation of high mobility group non-histone proteins from calf thymus chromatin by methods described previously (e.g. Goodwin, G.H., Nicolas, R.H. and Johns, E.W. (1975) Biochim. Biophys, Acta. 405, 280--291) protein degradation occurs resulting in a number of proteins appearing in the chromatin extracts which are not present in high mobility group protein preparations in which proteolysis has been completely inhibited. These extra proteins, formerly numbered high mobility group proteins 3, 5, 6 and 8, are thus probably degradation products of other nuclear proteins, produced during the isolation procedure. From the amino acid analyses, tryptic peptides and N-terminal sequences, it is concluded that high mobility group protein 3 is probably a degradation product of high mobility group protein 1. The amino acid analysis of high mobility group protein 8 is very similar to that of the N-terminal half of histone H1 suggesting that high mobility group protein 8 is a degradation product of this histone.
Amino Acids↗
Changes in electrophoretic mobility of human factor VIII-related antigen: evidence for subunit structure.
Therapeutic factor-VIII concentrates were found to have factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg) with an electrophoretic mobility faster than that of plasma using two-dimensional crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Immediately after infusion of factor-VIII concentrates into patients, the electrophoretic mobility of FVIIIRAg in the patients' plasmas was increased to that of the antigen in the infused concentrates. Two hours after infusion, a proportion of the antigen had an electrophoretic mobility intermediate between that of the pre-infusion antigen and that of the concentrate antigen, and by 24 h after infusion the reversion of electrophoretic mobility to pre-infusion values was complete. The return of electrophoretic mobility to normal did not occur in vitro after 24 h. In vitro mixing experiments between pre-infusion plasma and concentrate resulted in antigen with a range of intermediate mobilities which were related to the relative proportions of slow and fast antigen in the mixture. In vitro mixing experiments with slow and fast antigen separated from intermediate purity factor VIII concentrate by agarose gel filtration resulted in the formation of a relatively large proportion of antigen with intermediate electrophoretic mobility. The most reasonable interpretation of the results is the formation of hybrids between the two electrophoretically different populations of antigen. This implies that VIIIRAg normally exists in a polymeric form which can spontaneously dissociate into the exist in equilibrium with a pool of partially and/or completely dissociated subunits.
Antigens↗
Studies on the mechanism of haemopoietic stem cell (CFUs) mobilization. A role of the complement system.
A variety of substances can mobilize haemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) into the peripheral blood. In this study the involvement of the complement system in the mobilization process was investigated. Pretreatment of mice with the complement-activating factor of cobra venom (CoF), which lowered the serum C3 levels to 10-25% of the normal value, could completely prevent CFUs mobilization induced by high doses of CoF, endotoxin (ET) from Salmonella typhosa, inulin, zymosan and the proteolytic enzymes proteinase and trypsin. On the other hand, mobilization induced by the polyanions dextran sulphate and the copolymer of polymethacrylic acid and styrene could not be prevented, or at least affected only slightly. There appears to be a relationship between the extent of decomplementation by CoF and the extent of CFUs mobilization induced by ET. The results indicate that certain agents mobilize CFUs via the complement system, whereas other agents induce CFUs mobilization independent of the availability of complement components.
Animals↗
Measuring relative electrophoretic mobilities of mutant hemoglobins and globin chains.
A system of calculating relative mobilities of mutant hemoglobins and globin chains in four methods of zone electrophoresis is described. In electrophoresis on cellulose acetate, TEB buffer, pH 8.5, mobilities are calculated as ratios of the mobility of simultaneously analyzed Hb C. In electrophoresis on citrate agar, pH 6.0, anodic mobilities are also related to Hb C, cathodic ones to Hb F. In globin electrophoresis in urea 2-mercaptoethanol buffers, pH 6.0 and 8.9, mobilities of the mutant globin chains are calculated in relation to the mobilities of normal alpha and beta chains. These calculations provide objective comparisons of mobilities of hemoglobins, including those analyzed at different times. The combined data permit recognition of many mutant hemoglobins.
Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
Childhood Economic Mobility and Systemic Inflammation Among Men Who Experienced Low Income in Toddlerhood: The Moderating Role of Trait Hostility.
OBJECTIVE: Childhood economic upward mobility (ie, increases in family income across childhood) may attenuate links between childhood poverty and systemic inflammation in adulthood, the extent of which may vary depending on inter-individual differences in personality characteristics, including hostility. METHODS: Men who experienced low income in toddlerhood (N=171) were followed prospectively into adulthood. Annual family income was collected 12 times when men were 1.5 to 17 years old. Men completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and had their fasting blood drawn to measure circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) at age 32. Multiple linear regression analyses examined main and moderation effects of childhood economic upward mobility and adult hostility on CRP levels adjusting for income at 1.5 years, race, parent educational attainment, and adult income, education, waist circumference, and smoking status. RESULTS: Main effects were nonsignificant, but an interaction effect emerged. Counter to expectations, childhood economic upward mobility related to greater adult CRP as trait hostility decreased ( β =-0.203, P =.018). Simple slope analyses further revealed that childhood economic upward mobility was positively associated with CRP among men lower in hostility ( β =0.23, SE=0.09, P =.020) but was unrelated to CRP among men higher in hostility. Results of post hoc sensitivity analyses are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Counterintuitive findings suggest that for men who experience poverty in toddlerhood, the association between childhood economic upward mobility and adult CRP may be nuanced and even in the positive direction for men low in hostility, which aligns with work on unintended health consequences of upward mobility.
Humans↗
The effect of various clasping systems on the mobility of abutment teeth for distal-extension removable partial dentures.
Three clasping systems were placed in five patients, and measurements of abutment tooth mobility were made. These data were compared to previously established baselines and statistically analyzed. The findings of the study are: 1. There was no difference in abutment tooth mobility during the 4-week test period with each of the three clasping systems. The important factor may have been the fit of the distal-extension denture base over the residual ridge, which provides the stability to prevent increases in abutment mobility. 2. Any mobility increases were in a buccal direction only, or toward the flexible retentive clasp arm. There was never any change in lingual mobility. 3. All five patients chose the I-bar retainer as the design of choice due to its increased resistance to dislodgment. Periodic recall of distal-extension removable partial denture patients is mandatory to ensure proper stress distribution and prevent increases in abutment tooth mobility.
Dental Abutments↗
The effect of splinting on tooth mobility. (2) After osseous surgery.
The purpose of this study was to determine if fixed splinting of teeth with intraoral wire and acrylic splints had advantages with respect to tooth mobility, bone level and attachment level over unsplinted teeth following osseous surgery. Ten patients were chosen who exhibited bilaterally similar chronic destructive periodontitis and mobile teeth. One maxillary sextant was splinted, while the other was unsplinted. Both sextants functioned against an unsplinted mandibular arch. Following initial therapy, osseous surgery was performed in both maxillary sextants on the same day. Tooth mobility data was collected 1 week before and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks following surgery. Levels of gingival attachment and bone were recorded before and 24 weeks after surgery. Splints were removed before measurements, then replaced, and the occlusion refined. Prophylaxes and oral hygiene instruction were repeated every 3 weeks throughout the study. For all categories of teeth and mobility examined, tooth mobility increased initially after surgery and subsequently decreased by 24 weeks to about presurgical values. The splinted and unsplinted segments reacted similarly throughout the study; splinting did not significantly reduce the mobility of individual teeth. Pre- and postsurgical bone and gingival attachment levels were also similar for the splinted and unsplinted segments.
Adult↗
Effect of gemfibrozil in vitro on fat-mobilizing lipolysis in human adipose tissue.
Fat-mobilizing lipolysis was studied in rat and human adipose tissue during incubation in vitro by following the release of glycerol into the incubation medium. Gemfibrozil as well as clofibrate consistently and readily inhibited basal as well as noradrenaline-stimulated fat-mobilizing lipolysis in rat fat. With human adipose tissue no effect was observed with gemfibrozil and clofibrate on basal lipolysis. This may be due to the comparatively low rate of the nonstimulated fat-mobilizing lipolysis in human tissue incubated in vitro. When lipolysis was stimulated with noradrenaline as well as isoprenaline, however, both gemfibrozil and clofibrate significantly reduced the fat-mobilizing lipolysis. This inhibition of lipolysis was however not observed in all studies. When lipolysis had been stimulated with theophylline, no inhibition of lipolysis was obtained with either compound. The possibility that reduced fat-mobilizing lipolysis in adipose tissue may cause a lowering of plasma triglycerides by reducing the flow of FFA to the liver is discussed in some detail. It is also suggested that inhibition of lipolysis may be accompanied by increased activity of lipoprotein lipase as well as an increase in the FIAT process. However, the pharmacological implication of the above-mentioned findings, particularly for gemfibrozil, must await further studies, as fairly large doses, around 1 mg/ml of incubation medium, were needed to obtain inhibition of fat-mobilizing lipolysis.
Adipose Tissue↗
Microviscosity parameters and protein mobility in biological membranes.
A fluorescence polarization technique with 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene as a probe were employed to determine the microviscosity, n, in liposomes and biological membranes of different cholesterol to phospholipid mol ratio. From the temperature profile of n the flow activation energy, deltaE, and the unit flow volume, V, were derived. The increase of cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in liposomes is followed by a marked increase in n and a decrease in both deltaE and V. Liposomes of the same phospholipid composition as human erythrocyte membranes display in the extreme cases of cholesterol/phospholipid ratios 0 and 1.4 the values of n(25 degrees C) = 1.8 and 9.1 P, and deltaE = 15.0 and 6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. For most membranes studied the fluorescence polarization characteristics and the corresponding n values are similar to those obtained with these liposomes when the cholesterol/phospholipid level of the liposomes and the membranes were the same. However, unlike in liposomes deltaE of all membranes is in the narrow range of 6.5-8.5 kcal/mol, regardless of its cholesterol/phospholipid level. It is plausible that this is a general characteristic of biological membranes which originates from the vertical movement of membrane proteins to an equilibrium position which maintains constant deltaE and V values. This type of movement should affect the interrelation between lipid fluidity and protein mobility. Lipid microviscosity and the degree of rotational mobility of concanavalin A receptor sites in cell membranes were therefore determined. The examined cells were normal and malignant fibroblasts, as an example of cells that form solid tumours in vivo, and normal and malignant lymphocytes, as an example of cells that form ascites tumours in vivo. In both cell systems, opposite correlations between the lipid fluidity and the mobility of concanavalin A receptors were observed. In the fibroblasts the malignant cells possess a lower lipid fluidity but a higher receptor mobility, whereas in the lymphocytes the malignant cells possess a higher lipid fluidity but a lower receptor mobility. Thus, in these cell systems the degree of rotational mobility of concanavalin A receptors increases upon decreasing the lipid fluidity and decreases upon increasing the fluidity of the lipid core. This dynamic feature is in line with the above proposal according to which the concanavalin A receptor sites become more exposed to the aqueous surrounding upon increasing the microviscosity of the lipid layer and vice versa.
Animals↗
Plasma chromatography of heroin and cocaine with mass-identified mobility spectra.
Plasma chromatography detects and identifies compounds in trace quantities at atmospheric pressure through characteristic positive and negative mobility spectra. To facilitate use of the technique to detect gas chromatographic effluents, a number of reference mobility spectra for different classes of compounds have been reported. Reference spectra for two more compounds, heroin and cocaine, are presented in this study. The primary ions found in these mobility spectra were determined to be M+, (M - H2)+, and (M - CH3CO2)+ for heroin and M+, (M - C6H5CO2)+ and (M - C6H5CO2 - CO2CH3)+ for cocaine using a directly interfaced plasma chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The identified ions agree closely with those predicted in the ion mobility spectra using mass-mobility correlation data coupled with chemical ionization mass spectrometry data. Also, an independent check demonstrating the reliability of reduced mobility values reported in earlier reference spectra was made.
Chromatography, Gas↗
Change of electrophoretic mobility of purified alternative pathway factor D.
The electrophoretic mobility of factor D (D) of the alternative pathway of human complement activation was examined by the method of lysoelectrophoresis. Purified D was found to have beta-mobility, while D in fresh serum showed alpha-mobility. Addition of D-depleted serum to D induced a change of electrophoretic mobility from beta to alpha. Addition of guinea pig serum to D did not produce this change. The change of electrophoretic mobility of D was not due to complex formation between D and other known alternative factors, P, C3NeF, B and C3. The Factor(s), which mediated the change in the electrophoretic mobility of D, had pseudoglobulin properties and was distributed around the third peak on Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of human serum with a mol. wt. of 50,000-80,000. This phenomenon might be restricted to a semi-solid state reaction, because complexes containing D were not observed upon analyses by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and isoelectrofocusing.
Animals↗