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Results for “Motor Activity”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

Diurnal changes in gastric motor activity in conscious dogs.

Twenty-four-hour changes in gastric motor activity were recorded in 4 healthy adult dogs in the conscious state by means of extraluminal force transducers. Three major different gastric motor activity patterns were recognized during 24 hr: digestive, intermediate, and interdigestive. The digestive pattern was characterized by steady low-amplitude contractions in the gastric antrum, with no significant motor activity in the gastric body. The interdigestive pattern consisted of series of high-amplitude contractions of 14-23 min duration in both the gastric body and antrum with intervening and long-lasting (68-109 min) motor quiescence. The intermediate pattern is considered to be the pattern midway when the digestive pattern is changing to the interdigestive pattern. These changes in gastric motor activity are precisely controlled day after day if the animals are fed at regular time intervals and are healthy. The digestive pattern may represent principally a mixing function of ingested food and the interdigestive pattern a cleaning function in preparation for the next meal

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Motor activity: a survey of methods with potential use in toxicity testing.

Activity measurements are expected to have widespread use in toxicity testing. The multifaceted nature of motor activity will directly influence the selection of a measurement technique since the relative contribution of various motor acts to any particular measurement will depend upon the detection method. Because of the apparatus-dependent nature of motor activity measurements, it is recommended that consideration be given to how accurately the various devices measure locomotor activity. In the present paper, two types of body movement will be considered as locomotor activity: ambulation (horizontally directed movement) and rearing (vertically directed movement). Discussion focuses on the various methods currently used to record motor activity, the various components of motor activity which are likely to be recorded, and the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques for the measurement of locomotor activity. Finally, consideration is given to studies which have compared treatment effects on motor activity derived from two or more measurement techniques.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Effect of synthetic motilin on gastric motor activity in conscious dogs.

The effect of intravenous infusion of synthetic motilin on gastric motor activity was investigated by means of chronically implanted force transducers in 4 conscious dogs. Since the gastric motor pattern consisted of two major subpatterns, digestive and interdigestive motor activity, motilin was tested for its motor stimulating activity in both states. It was found that motilin had no influence upon gastric motor activity in the digestive state. However, during the interdigestive state, intravenous infusion of motilin in doses of 0.3-2.7 microgram/kg/hr induced motor activity similar to the naturally occurring interdigestive contractions in a dose-related fashion. Since motilin is released by duodenal alkalinization in the dog, it may be postulated that motilin is a substance to control the interdigestive contractions in the dog, although other reports describe motilin release by duodenal acidification and inhibition of gastric emptying in man. Endogenous stimuli leading to motilin release may be different among species. The present study clearly indicates that motilin induces a contractile pattern similar to that seen during the interdigestive state in conscious dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Inhibition of gastric and intestinal motor activity in dogs by (Gln4) neurotensin.

The action of (Gln4)-neurotensin was studied on the spontaneous motor activity in isolated canine fundic, antral and intestinal pouches. All pouches had been prepared more than 6 months prior to the experiments. Spontaneous motor activity was recorded for at least 1 h before the Gln4)-neurotensin was infused i.v. for 30 min in doses ranging between 6.3 and 100 ng X kg-1 X min-1. In the vagally denervated fundic pouches (Gln4)-neurotensin inhibted motor activity in doses above 25 ng X kg-1 X min-1. The vagally innervated antral pouches were more sentitive than the vagally denervated fundic pouches to the action of (Gln4)-neurotensin. Thus motor inhibition was induced by doses as low as 6.3 ng X kg-1 X min-1. The effect of (Gln4)-neurotensin on motor activity in intestinal pouches was inconsistent. Inhibition was seen in 1 out of 7 expts. The present results show that the gastric motor activity is the most sensitive function to (Gln4)-neurotensin so far studied.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the anorectic and motor activity effects of some aminoindanes, 2-aminotetralin and amphetamine in the rat.

1. The anorectic and motor activity effects of 1-aminoindane, 2-aminoindane, some N-substituted 2-aminoindanes, 2-aminotetralin, amphetamine and fenfluramine were determined in rats. 2. The two compounds with structures most like the extended conformation of amphetamine, 2-aminotetralin and 2-aminoindane, were potent anorectics. At dosages which halved the intake of food over 1 h, amphetamine increased motor activity, 2-aminotetralin had no effect, and 2-aminoindane reduced motor activity. 3. Both the anorectic and central stimulant actions of 2-aminoindane were absent in N-ethyl- and N-isopropyl-2-aminoindane. 4. 1-Aminoindane, whose structure is like the folded conformation of amphetamine, produced a small anorectic effect and depressed motor activity.

Amphetamines↗

PubMed1979

[Effect of vitamins B and C on the intestinal motor activity of rabbits in long-term experiments].

In 3 rabbits in chronic experiments motor activity of the innervated and vascularized pouch of jejunum was frequently registered under the influence of vitamins C, B1, B6 and folic acid before and after the blockade of cholinergic or adrenergic receptors. Vitamins B1, B6 and C decreased the motor activity of intestines but B2 and folic acid increased it. Decreased motor activity of intestines under the effect of vitamin C is probably connected with the stimulation of adrenergic receptors. Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors did not participate in the motor activity of intestines occurring under the influence of group B vitamin. In chronic experiments the intestines excitability to group B vitamin and to that of vitamin C does not differ much.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Sleep and motor activity of the rat during ultra-short light-dark cycles.

The vigilance states and motor activity of the rat were recorded during ultrashort light-dark (LD) cycles. The LD schedules were the following: 10 min light -- 10 min dark (LD 10:10), LD 7.5:7.5, LD 5:5 and LD 2.5:2.5. With all short LD schedules, paradoxical sleep (PS) and high motor activity occurred more frequently during dark periods than during light. PS and motor activity were rapidly enhanced by darkness and inhibited by light, whereas the percentages of total sleep and slow wave sleep were only gradually decreased during the dark periods and increased during light. Compared to the LD 12h:12h control days, sleep was enhanced by all short LD schedules, an effect that was most marked in the circadian phase of maximum waking (corresponding to the LD 12h:12h dark period). The short LD cycles interacted with an intrinsic sleep cycle, whose period is approximately 10 min. Interval histograms of PS episodes showed that an optimal synchronization of the ultradian sleep rhythm is achieved when the period of the LD cycle or its multiple correspond also to 10 min. It is suggested that the response of PS and motor activity to changes in illumination may be due to common mechanisms.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Diurnal variations in the motor activity of the rat: effects of inhibitors of the catecholamine synthesis.

The effects of the inhibitor of the tyrosine-hydroxylase H 44/68 and the inhibitor of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase FLA 63 on the diurnal variations of the motor activity was studied in male Wistar rats, which were kept under standardized conditions of light and darkness (L:D = 12:12 h). The motor activity was continuously registered in groups of 5 rats using a two-channel Animex motimeter. During light FLA 63 (40 mg/kg, s.c.) greatly increased motor activity on acute application and during darkness the physiological elevation in motor activity was further but slightly increased. H 44/68 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) also increased motor activity during light, but in contrast to FLA 63 greatly reduced motor activity during darkness. The results indicate that though dopamine and noradrenaline are involved in the regulation of behavioural components, one or the other catecholamine may play a predominant role at different times of the day. Thus, it seems worthwhile to study the effects of drugs separately during light and during darkness.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Facilitation of opiate- and enkephalin-induced motor activity in the mouse by phenytoin sodium and carbamazepine.

In the first experiment, adult male Swiss-Webster mice were systemically injected with a standard dose of morphine. Compared to the influence of vehicle, the motor activity of morphine-injected mice was increased. Neither phenytoin sodium nor carbamazepine alone facilitated motor activity, but pretreatment with both drugs further facilitated the increased motor activity produced by morphine. In a second experiment, mice were injected centrally with a long-acting analog of leu-enkephalin. It also increased motor activity in comparison with vehicle. Again, both phenytoin sodium and carbamazepine further facilitated this response. Both experiments suggest a facilitatory interaction between some aspects of these anticonvulsants and opiate-induced motor activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Creation of steady alterations of motor activity in chick embryos under conditions of controlled experiments].

Steady alterations of motor activity in chick embryos were demonstrated under conditions of a controlled experiment, in production regimens of various directions. During controlled support by electrocutaneous stimulation of threshold amplitudes of the movements, the following characteristic time periods were distinguished: transitional, of steady alterations of motor activity with minimization of the amount of electrostimuli, and of the period of aftereffect. The conclusion is drawn about the united adaptive effect (minimization of biologically adverse influences) provided by the biorhythm of motor activity with directional potentiation of the activity of the components, which are not supported by adverse effects.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Spontaneous motor activity in mice overloaded with iron-dextran].

We studied the spontaneous motor activity and the levels of iron in brain (frontal cortex and striatum) and liver of mice overloaded with iron dextran. Two groups of mice injected intraperitoneally with two different doses of iron and the control group were used. We found a significant increase in the spontaneous motor activity only for the experimental group treated with the highest dose of iron. In frontal cortex and striatum the concentration of iron did not augment in the experimental groups. However, in liver we detected a highly significant rise in the iron content of both experimental groups. Our results suggest that the increase in the spontaneous motor activity observed in mice injected with the highest dose is not directly caused by changes in the iron concentration in the brain.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Central action of beta-phenylethylamine derivatives. (4) Effects on spontaneous motor activity and body temperature of beta phenylethyamine derivatives injected into the brain in reserpine pretreated mice].

Effects on spontaneous motor activity and body temperature of beta-phenylethlamine derivatives injected into the cerebral ventricles in reserpine or reserpine and isocarboxazide pretreated mice were investigated with the following results. 1) Each injection of tyramine (40 mug) and dopamine (40 mug) increased the spontaneous motor activity measured by the photo-cell counters method in reserpinized mice. 2) Each injection of tyramine (40 mug), dopamine (40 mug) and beta-phenylethylamine (40 mug) increased the spontaneous motor activity measured by both the wheel cage and photo-cell counters methods in reserpine and isocarboxazide-pretreated mice, but noradrenaline (20 mug) and isoproterenol (80 mug) did not increase the spontaneous motor activity as determined by both methods. 3) The injection of tyramine (40 and 80 mug), dopamine (10 and 40 mug) and p-octopamine (40 mug) increased the body temperature in reserpine and isocarboxazide pretreated mice. 4) Tyramine, dopamine and p-octopamine caused a marked increase in the body temperature as compared with control injection in reserpine and isocarboxazide-pretreated mice, whereas isoproterenol had no influence on body temperature. Our results suggest that beta-phenylethylamine derivatives have different effects in reserpinized and non-pretreated states.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Dissociated effects of inhibition of catecholamine synthesis on motor activity, "emotionality," and aggression in mice.

The inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis at the tyrosine hydroxylase level, alpha-methyltyrosine, administered in daily doses of 250 mg/kg IP, altered motor activity and aggressive behavior of isolated male mice in ten-minute paired encounter tests conducted on nine successive days. Motor activity was determined by an electromagnetic activity meter which measures fine and coarse movements separately. Coarse motor activity correlated significantly with aggressive behavior. Nonaggressive fine motor activity was significantly increased, while all the parameters of aggressive behavior showed a significant decrease in aggression. Increased escape behavior, heterogrooming, squeaking, and two cases of stupor were observed, suggesting possible equivalents of anxiousness. The defecation rate did not differ from that of the control group, victors having had a higher rate than losers. Results are discussed in connection with the "construct of emotionality" and the hypothesis of there being several categories of aggression with corresponding biochemical correlations.

Aggression↗

PubMed1977

[Central effects of beta-phenylethylamines. (8). Increase in spontaneous motor activities of mice caused by intracerebrally administered metaramino].

Metaraminol (MA) (40, 80 and 160 microng) was injected i.c. into mice and spontaneous motor activity (SMA) measured by photo-cell counters method was found to increase 30 min after the injection. Ninety min after, the SMA was restored to the saline treated control. MA (80 microng i.c.) was also injected into isocarboxazide (Iso) pretreated mice and the SMA markdly increased as compared with the Iso+saline treated group or tween+MA treated group. When MA was injected i.c. into alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT) pretreated mice, the SMA significantly increased as compared with that of the alpha-MT+saline treated group, but there was a decrease as compared with that of the tween+saline or tween+MA treated group. In alpha-MT treated mice. L-Dopa restored the hyper-motor activity of animals treated with MA. Diethyldithiocarbamate (700mg/kg i.p.) had no influence, whereas haloperidol markedly blocked the hyper-motor activity induced by MA. The hyper-motor activity induced by MA in mice raised the question of a possible role of noradrenaline and dopamine in the mediation of this action.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Efficient manometric technic for accurate regional measurement of esophageal body motor activity.

We have developed a single station, manometric recording technic that allows quick and accurate measurement of motor activity occurring in all regions of the esophageal body. The manometric instrumentation features a catheter recording assembly with eight recording orifices spaced at uniform 3 cm. intervals. Each recording lumen is infused with water by a minimally compliant hydraulic-capillary system which achieves accurate recording of peristaltic and nonperistaltic motor activity in the esophageal body at an infusion rate of 0.5 ml./min. Because the recording sites of the manometric assembly span a distance of 21 cm., a distance which approximates the length of the esophageal body in humans, a detailed map of motor activity over the entire length of the esophageal body is achieved by securing the manometric assembly at one suitable portion. Because frequent repositioning of the manometric assembly is eliminated, the method described takes only a few minutes for comprehensive assessment of esophageal body motor activity.

Esophagus↗

PubMed1975

[The effect of heterologous duodenal content on the motor activity of the duodenum].

The authors carried out studies on 15 rabbits (9 controls and 6 experimental and examined the motor activity of the duodenum after infusing duodenal content from patients with clinicaly established diagnosis of chronic hepatitis at precirrhotic stage. The duodenal secretion obtained from the patients, was examined in advance and the activity of enterokinase and trypsin was determined. The obtained results showed that during infusion of saline or duodenal content, taken from healthy persons, the control group did not reveal any change in the motor activity of the duodenum. In the experimental group after infusion fo duodenal content, taken from patients with liver disease, there was a demonstrative inhibition of the motor activity of the duodenum after the third infusion in all trials. The motor activity was vot normalized for a period of 5-6 hours. There was a reduction in the activity of the enzymes enerokinase and trypsin under the normal values in the doudenal content, taken from patients with chronic hepatitis before its infusion. This coincided with the literary data.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of LSD and propranolol on the motor activity in rabbits.

In the investigations on the effects of LSD and propranolol on the rabbit motor activity an original device counting and recording all movements of the animals was used. LSD, administered to rabbits in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v., changed the behavior of the animals, increasing their motor activity. Propranolol prevented alterations in the behavior of rabbits and the LSD-induced increase in their motor activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[The motor activity as an age parameter of the rat (authors transl)].

The motor activity as an behavioural parameter provides information about the functional state of the organism as a whole. Therefore it is an important age parameter. The results of activity measurements, however, depend strongly on the method of registration. Using 3 groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 9, 15 and 29 months two methods have been tested: 1) An electronic recording: the rats were registrated in their normal cages on the Animex-Activity-Meter during the dark-phase in complete darkness. The activity measured by this method has been regarded as spontaneous activity. 2) A kinematographic method: the rats were registrated in a changed environment at constant light during the dark-phase. The activity assessed by this method has been regarded as reactive activity. Spontaneous and reactive activity show a different age dependence. For the use of the motor activity as an age parameter, both, spontaneous and reactive activity, should be assessed to get a better information about the ageing of the different functional levels of the systems governing the animal's behaviour.

Aging↗