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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Survivin: an inhibitor of apoptosis in pediatric cancer.

Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) expressed in a large number of adult malignancies. Its expression levels correlate with more aggressive disease and poor clinical outcome in many of these tumors. As its expression is restricted in normal adult differentiated tissues, it has become of great interest as both a tumor prognostic marker and as a potential biologic target for future anti-cancer therapies. Survivin expression and Survivin-based therapies have been examined in many of the more common pediatric malignancies. We present an overview of Survivin function and current research exploring its biologic and therapeutic roles in pediatric tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Escaping cell death: survival proteins in cancer.

Defects in apoptosis signaling pathways are common in cancer cells. Such defects may play an important role in tumor initiation because apoptosis normally eliminates cells with damaged DNA or dysregulated cell cycle, i.e., cells with increased malignant potential. Moreover, impaired apoptosis may enhance tumor progression and promote metastasis by enabling tumor cells to survive the transit in the bloodstream and to grow in ectopic tissue sites lacking the otherwise required survival factors. Finally, raised apoptosis threshold may have deleterious consequences by rendering cancer cells resistant to various forms of therapy. The intensive apoptosis research during the past decade has resulted in the identification of several proteins which may promote tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptosis. Of special relevance in human cancer are those commonly expressed in primary tumors and functioning at the common part of the signaling pathway leading to apoptosis. Proteins fulfilling these criteria include antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family, heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp27, as well as survivin, the novel cancer-associated member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of action of these proteins may offer novel modes of rationally and selectively manipulating the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The presence of LHRH-like receptors in Dunning R3327H prostate tumors.

Quantitative analyses of LH-RH-like membrane receptors were performed in five tumors from the transplantable Dunning R3372H rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. The binding of D-Trp6-LH-RH, an agonist of LH-RH, was observed in all 5 tumors. The antagonist [Ac-Dp-Cl-Phe1,2,D-Trp3,D-Lys6, D-Ala10]-LH-RH was bound to 4 tumors. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for D-Trp6-LH-RH receptor was from 2.6-3.9 x 10(-10) M. The apparent equilibrium Bmax values (maximum number of binding sites) were from 17.2-86.0 fmol/mg membrane protein for D-Trp6-LH-RH receptor. The Kd for the antagonist was from 2.4-2.7 x 10(-10) M and the Bmax values were from 35.5-66.0 fmol/mg membrane protein. Similar binding studies performed in 6 normal rat prostates showed no binding capacities.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation.

Histone acetylation and deacetylation are chromatin-modifying processes that have fundamental importance for transcriptional regulation. Transcriptionally active chromatin regions show a high degree of histone acetylation, whereas deacetylation events are generally linked to transcriptional silencing. Many of the acetylating and deacetylating enzymes were originally identified as transcriptional coactivators or repressors. Their histone-modifying enzymatic activity was discovered more recently, opening up a whole new area of research. Histone acetyltransferases such as CREB-binding protein (CBP) and PCAF are involved in processes as diverse as promoting cell cycle progression and regulating differentiation. A controlled balance between histone acetylation and deacetylation seems to be essential for normal cell growth. Both histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases are involved in the development of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Treatments that target these enzymes are already under clinical investigation.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2001

The molecular basis and potential role of survivin in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Despite its genetic complexity and multifactoriality, two processes appear almost universally compromised in cancer: the control of cell proliferation and the regulation of cell lifespan. Survivin is a recently described molecule that has been implicated in both processes, and is overexpressed in most human cancers. The exploitation of the survivin signaling pathway might provide important predictive and prognostic clues in cancer diagnosis, and offer new therapeutic alternatives for cancer treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Enhanced expression of a novel protein in human cancer cells: a potential aid to cancer diagnosis.

Cap43 is a protein whose RNA is induced under conditions of severe hypoxia or prolonged elevations of intracellular calcium. Cap43 protein is expressed at low levels in normal tissues; however, in a variety of cancers, including lung, brain, melanoma, liver, prostate, breast, and renal cancers, Cap43 protein is overexpressed in cancer cells. The low level of expression of Cap43 in some normal tissues compared to their cancerous counterparts combined with the high stability of Cap43 protein and mRNA makes the Cap43 gene a new, important cancer marker. We hypothesize that the mechanism of Cap43 overexpression in cancer cells involves a state of hypoxia characteristic of cancer cells where the Cap43 protein becomes a signature for this hypoxic state.

Blotting, Western↗