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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Endocrine function following cranial radiotherapy of neoplasms in children].

The effect of radiotherapy upon the diencephalo-hypophyseal axis was studied in 14 children that had received cranial radio-therapy (2,400 to 6,000 R) to treat different intracranial tumors. Several hormones were evaluated between 2 months and 3 years after radiotherapy was performed. 35.7 per 100 of the patients were deficient in growth hormone, 37.5 per 100 showed an alteration of prolactin secretion, and 28 per 100 an abnormal response to thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Secondary neoplasms after radiotherapy for a childhood solid tumor.

This study was conducted to determine the outcome of patients who develop a second neoplasm after radiotherapy (RT) for a childhood solid tumor. From 1956 to 1998, 429 children with a malignant solid tumor were treated at a single radiation oncology facility. The medical records and radiotherapy charts were reviewed to determine if the patient developed a secondary neoplasm after treatment for malignancy. Twenty-three (5.4%) patients developed a secondary neoplasm. There were 12 males and 11 females with a median age at RT of 6.6 years (range, 2 months to 20 years). There were 14 malignant neoplasms in 13 (3.0%) and 14 benign neoplasms in 11 patients (2.6%). The types of initial solid tumors treated with RT were Ewing sarcoma in 6, Wilms tumor in 6, medulloblastoma in 5, neuroblastoma in 3, and other in 3. Median RT dose was 45 Gy (range, 12.3 to 60 Gy) using 4 MV in 9, 1.25 MV in 8, 250 KV in 4, and 6 MV photons in 1 patient. One child was treated using 15-MeV electrons. Fourteen had chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 23.2 years (range, 5.3 to 44.4 years). For the 14 malignant neoplasms, the median time interval from initial tumor to second malignancy was 10.1 years. The 14 second malignant neoplasms (SMN) were osteosarcoma in 3, breast carcinoma in 2, melanoma in 2, malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 1, dermatofibrosarcoma in 1, leiomyosarcoma in 1, mucoepidermoid carcinoma in 1, colon cancer in 1, chronic myelogenous leukemia in 1, and basal cell carcinoma in 1. Ten of the 14 SMN (71%) were at the edge or inside the RT field. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rate after diagnosis of an SMN was 69.2%; it was 70% for children with a SMN at the edge or inside the RT field and 66.7% for those outside of the RT field. The 14 benign neoplasms appeared at a median time of 16.9 years and included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 3, osteochondroma in 3, thyroid adenoma in 1, duodenal adenoma in 1, lipoma in 1, cherry angioma in 1, uterine leiomyoma in 1, ovarian cystadenofibroma in 1, and giant cell tumor in 1. Only 5 (36%) of the 14 benign tumors occurred in the RT field, with osteochondroma being the most common. Of 189 deaths occurring in 429 patients, only 3 (1.6%) were secondary to radiation-induced malignancy. Not all SMN in children receiving RT occur in the irradiated field. More than two-thirds of children with a radiation-induced malignancy are alive 10 years after the diagnosis of a SMN.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of injuries after radiotherapy of neoplasms].

The dose which can be given in radiotherapy and, thus, the chance of cancer control is primarily limited by the risk of producing severe chronic side effects in the uninvolved adjacent normal tissues. Only recently the challenge that chronic radiation injury poses to radiobiology has been fully acknowledged and experimental research in laboratory animals has started. Still, very little is known about the pathogenesis, the pathophysiology and the pathology of chronic normal tissue injury of most organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Unusual sinonasal small-cell neoplasms following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastomas.

Two patients developed sinonasal small-cell neoplasms that arose 22 years and 37 years, respectively, following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastomas. The tumors were composed of small cells with scant cytoplasm and had a few scattered Homer-Wright rosettes. Immunohistochemically, one tumor was positive for keratin (CAM 5.2 and AE1/AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, and neuron-specific enolase. The other neoplasm was immunoreactive for keratin (CAM 5.2 only) and neuron-specific enolase; it also had focal immunopositivity for S-100 protein, desmin, and muscle-specific actin. Both were negative for CEA, vimentin, melanocyte-specific antigen (HMB45), chromogranin A, synaptophysin, Leu-7, 200 kd neurofilament, and retinal S-antigen. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, the patients died of metastatic tumor 7 months and 10 months following their initial diagnosis, respectively. Although osteosarcoma is the most frequent second cancer following bilateral retinoblastomas, some patients develop clinically aggressive sinonasal small-cell tumors that are difficult to place into conventional classifications. Both of our cases showed evidence of multidirectional differentiation; one tumor labeled with epithelial and neural markers, and the other expressed epithelial, neural, and myogenous antigens.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiotherapy of neoplasms of the central nervous system].

The authors present the results obtained by Co60 radiotherapy in 110 patients with the diagnosis of primary brain tumour, including 73 adults and 37 children aged up to 15 years. The follow-up time was from 2 to 8 years and it was survived by 40 patients (36.4%). Among 70 dying patients in 61 cases (87.1%) death occurred within two years after the treatment, which showed that therapeutic failures developed early in these cases. The 5-year survival rate was 24.4%. The best results were obtained in cases of astrocytoma, and the prognosis was better in children.

Adolescent↗