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Results for “NITROFURAZONE”

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PubMed1993

Activity of a nitrofurazone matrix urinary catheter against catheter-associated uropathogens.

Nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter segments inhibited 51 (75%) of 70 urinary bacterial isolates from patients with indwelling catheters. Inhibition zones correlated significantly with the nitrofurazone MIC (r2 = 0.79, P = 0.0001). All strains except the Pseudomonas spp. were inhibited by < or = 64 micrograms of nitrofurazone per ml. MICs of nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin correlated significantly (r2 = 0.93, P = 0.0001).

Bacteria↗

PubMed2005

[Evaluation of postoperative adhesions in rats submitted to peritoneostomy with polypropylene mesh associated to nitrofurazone].

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal injuries, common in per and postoperative, lead to the formation of adhesions. The use of polypropylene mesh increases the postoperative adhesions incidence. Based on the fact of nitrofurazone accelerates the healing process, a possible action on peritoneal adhesions was cogitated. AIM: To evaluate postoperative adhesions in rats submitted to peritoneostomy with polypropylene mesh fixation associated to nitrofurazone. METHODS: Thirty-three Wistar rats were separated into three groups of eleven animals each one. In group I was performed the laparotomy with exposition of the abdominal cavity followed by the laparotomy suture; in group II was performed the resection of a abdominal wall fragment followed by polypropylene mesh fixation on the gap and in group III was performed the same done in group II, but the mesh was previously impregnated with nitrofurazone. After 45 days the animals were sacrificed and necropsied. RESULTS: Seven animals of group I had no adhesions (degree 0), two had degree 1 adhesions and two had degree 2. In group II, one animal was classificated as degree 3 and ten as degree 4. In group III, one had degree 0, eight had degree 3 and one had degree 4 (one animal died before 45 days). All adhesions found involved the abdominal wall; ten animals had adhesions involving only omentum (group I = 4; group II = 1 and group III = 5); eleven animals had adhesions involving omentum, small bowel and other abdominal organs (group II = 10; group III = 1); three animals had adhesions involving only small bowel, all belonged to group III. Fourteen animals had adhesions involving small bowel, of these ten belonged to group II (nine with more than one fixation point) and four belonged to group III (three with just one fixation point). CONCLUSION: The association of nitrofurazone with polypropylene mesh did not reduce significantly the postoperative adhesions incidence in rats, but reduced the intensity and severity of these adhesions.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Effect of nitrofurazone on the reproductive organs in adult male mice.

AIM: To study the effect of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone (nitrofurazone), a derivative of nitrofuran, on male reproductive organs of Parkes (P) strain mice. METHODS: Mice were given nitrofurazone orally at a dose of 64 mg/kg body weight per day, for 10 and 20 days, and were killed 24 h and/or 56 days after the last treatment. Histological appearance of testis, motility and number of spermatozoa in cauda epididymidis, and biochemical indices in epididymis and seminal vesicle were evaluated. RESULTS: Histologically, testis showed marked regressive changes in the seminiferous tubules in mice treated with nitrofurazone. Ten days after treatment, there was much depletion of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules, and the germinal epithelium was lined mainly with Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and a few round spermatids; intraepithelial vacuoles and multinucleated giant cells were also observed in tubules. By 20 days, regressive changes in the seminiferous tubules were further pronounced, and pachytene spermatocytes were the most advanced germ cells noticed in the tubules. In severe cases, the tubules were lined with a thin layer of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. The treatment also caused marked reductions in the motility and number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis, in weight and the level of fructose in the seminal vesicle, and in sialic acid level in the epididymis. Fifty six days after drug withdrawal, the alterations induced in the reproductive organs returned to control levels. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that nitrofurazone treatment in P mice induces marked alterations in the male reproductive organs, and that the alterations are reversible following cessation of treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1988

Hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and acidosis associated with intraperitoneal infusion of nitrofurazone solution in healthy horses.

Nitrofurazone solution containing 0.2% nitrofurazone and 99.8% polyethylene glycol was given to 4 healthy horses (2 L in 2 L of lactated Ringer solution, intraperitoneally). Horses developed hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis. These changes were largely attributable to polyethylene glycol, but a contribution of nitrofurazone cannot be excluded. Intraperitoneal infusion of nitrofurazone solution in horses is contraindicated.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1984

Toxicological evaluation of nitrofurazone and furaltadone on Selenastrum capricornutum, Daphnia magna, and Musca domestica.

Short-term toxicity of nitrofurans, nitrofurazone, furaltadone tartrate, and furaltadone chlorohydrate, was tested in the laboratory on two freshwater organisms, Selenastrum capricornutum (algae) and Daphnia magna (crustaceans). Toxicity studies with nitrofurazone were also carried out on larval development of the house fly Musca domestica L. Nitrofurazone was invariably the most toxic compound (the 96-hr EC50 of algal species was 1.45 mg/liters; the EC50 values for D. magna were 40.04 and 28.67 mg/liter after 24 and 48 hr, respectively) followed by furaltadone tartrate and furaltadone chlorohydrate. This study provides some evidence of the potential ecotoxicity of nitrofurans, indicating the need for further investigations.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Effects of furazolidone or nitrofurazone on the concentrations of hypothalamic amines and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL), levels in young turkeys.

1. Furazolidone (30 mg/kg) given orally for 14 days produced significant increases in the hypothalamic concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopa. The amine concentrations returned to normal one week after withdrawal of the drug. 2. Nitrofurazone (30 mg/kg) given orally for 14 days did not affect significantly the hypothalamic amine concentrations. 3. Nitrofurazone (30 mg/kg, 14 days) increased significantly the plasma concentration of prolactin (PRL) and decreased luteinizing hormone (LH). The concentrations of the two hormones returned to normal one week after the drug withdrawal. Furazolidone (7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg) did not influence the concentrations of either hormone. 4. Furazolidone (30 mg/kg, 14 days) did not influence the release of LH or PRL after treatment of LHRH or TRH, respectively. Nitrofurazone at the same dose, however, reduced the increases in LH and PRL concentrations induced by LHRH and TRH, respectively.

Amines↗

PubMed2004

A comparative multicentre study on the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection between nitrofurazone-coated and silicone catheters.

The efficacy of nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter in inhibitory activity of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) was evaluated. The incidence rate and onset of CAUTI after catheterisation of standard silicone urinary catheters and nitrofurazone-coated catheters was compared. There was no statistical significance between the two groups in the incidence rate of CAUTI. However, in patients who had indwelling urinary catheters for 5-7 days, the incidence rate of CAUTI was significantly lower in the experimental group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the two variables, including age and period of insertion, affected the incidence rate of CAUTI significantly. Nitrofurazone-coated catheters can be useful for inhibition of CAUTI in patients who have indwelling urinary catheter for 5-7 days and in old-age patients.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1999

Allergic contact dermatitis to polyethylene glycol and nitrofurazone.

We report a case of worsening dermatitis after the application of an antibiotic ointment (Furacin) containing furazone and polyethylene glycol. Patch tests to nickel sulfate, potassium dischromate, chloride cobalt, Furacin, nitrofurazone 1% petrolatum, polyethylene glycol mix 4% petrolatum, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 300 4% petrolatum, and PEG 400 as is (ai) were positive. The use of topical agents containing nitrofurazone or polyethylene glycol on damaged skin may predispose to contact allergy. We discuss the sensitizing properties of nitrofurazone and polyethylene glycol.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1988

The activity of nitrofurazone and furazolidone against Leishmania donovani, L. major and L. enriettii in vitro and in vivo.

Furazolidone and nitrofurazone showed in vitro activity against amastigotes of Leishmania donovani, L. enriettii and L. major in macrophages, at concentrations which were also toxic to the macrophages. A low grade of activity was observed against L. donovani infections in BALB/c mice by furazolidone but not with nitrofurazone. Nitrofurazone, in two concentrations, was not active when applied to the lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. enriettii (guinea-pig infection) or L. major strain P (BALB/c mouse infection). After systemic administration to BALB/c mice infected with L. major strain JISH 252 clone 1, low-grade activity was observed at the highest level tested.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Treatment of invasive Enterobacter cloacae burn wound sepsis with topical nitrofurazone.

Nine patients with invasive Enterobacter cloacae burn wound sepsis were identified in a series of 400 admissions to our Burn Center. In vitro antibacterial testing of topical agents revealed sensitivity to nitrofurazone cream. Treatment of this series of patients with nitrofurazone resulted in an overall 66% survival compared with an 86% mortality reported in the literature. We recommend that topical antibacterial sensitivity testing be routinely performed in the microbiology laboratory for isolates from burn patients, and that nitrofurazone cream be included among the agents tested for effectiveness.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Mutations to nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone resistance in Escherichia coli K12.

The isolation and properties of nitrofurantoin- and nitrofurazone-resistant mutants have been compared. Nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants were easier to obtain and showed a higher resistance level. There was some cross-resistance at lower drug concentrations but not at higher levels. There was no difference in the UV resistance of most of the mutants obtained although a recB strain, AB2470, did yield nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants with increased UV resistance. This was however the only repair-defective strain which could be mutated to nitrofurantoin resistance. It is suggested that there is a mechanism for nitrofurantoin resistance in Escherichia coli K12 which does not confer resistance to nitrofurazone and which may be associated with the repair of damaged DNA. This mechanism is in addition to that which also confers resistance to nitrofurazone.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗

PubMed1976

Increased cell killing by metronidazole and nitrofurazone of hypoxic compared to aerobic mammalian cells.

Nitromidazole and nitrofuran derivatives comprise a large family of compounds, some of which have been shown to be hypoxic cell specific radiosensitizers in vivo and in vitro. The effects of metronidazole (2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol) and nitrofurazone (5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone) were studied on cell viability in vitro in the presence of air or nitrogen in the absence of radiation. Exponential-phase Chinese hamster ovary cells were placed in suspension culture in complete medium in the presence of air, made hypoxic by flowing nitrogen (less then 0.001% oxygen), and exposed to various concentrations of these drugs. As a function of time, aliquots were removed and plated to determine cell viability. After 8 hr of incubation of Chinese hamster ovary cells in 29 mM metronidazole or 500 muM nitrofurazone, the absolute plating efficiency remains relatively constant (80 to 40%) in the presence of air. In contrast, under hypoxic conditions the plating efficiency of the cells dropped to 1% after 6 hr of incubation in 29 mM metronidazole or 500 muM nitrofurazone. This phenomenon of hypoxic cell specific toxicity was found to be dependent upon cell type, concentration of drug, temperature of incubation, and oxygen concentration. The results of these experiments indicate an increased toxicity of these drugs under hypoxic conditions and suggest that further investigation into the mechanism and specificity of these effects is warranted.

Air↗

PubMed2004

[Influence of illuminance on the photo-reaction rate order of nitrofurazone solution].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the illuminance and the observed order of reaction of photodegradation of nitrofurazone solution. METHODS: Studying the observed order of reaction of photodegradation of nitrofurazone solution exposed to light with three illuminance values at three concentration values respectively. RESULTS: The observed order of reaction of photodegradation increased with the decrease of concentration when the illuminance kept constant and, on the other hand, the observed order increased with the increase of illuminance when the concentration kept constant. CONCLUSION: The observed order of reaction of photodegradation of nitrofurazone solution depends on both the concentration of the drug and the illuminance of the incident light.

Drug Stability↗

PubMed1983

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of nitrofurazone and furazolidone in chicken and pork tissues.

A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure is presented for the determination of nitrofurazone and furazolidone in chicken and pork tissues in the 2-40 ppb range. Muscle, liver, and kidney are homogenized with cold methanol and water (50 + 50). Following methanol evaporation, the nitrofurans are partitioned into ethyl acetate and cleaned up on an alumina column. After elution with 20% methanol in ethyl acetate and evaporation to dryness, residues are determined by HPLC, using a reverse phase analytical column. Overall average recoveries for nitrofurazone and furazolidone were 65.7 and 73.5%, respectively. Average relative standard deviations of 11.9% (nitrofurazone) and 9.5% (furazolidone) at the 2 ppb level were achieved.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Sample preparation of carbadox, furazolidone, nitrofurazone, and ethopabate in medicated feeds for high pressure liquid chromatography.

Medicated feeds (pelleted or mash) containing guarantees of carbadox, furazolidone, nitrofurazone, and ethopabate are pretreated with water, extracted with 95% dimethylformamide overnight at room temperature, cleaned up on a column of alumina, and injected into a high pressure liquid chromatograph for quantitative measurement. Carbadox, nitrofurazone, and furazolidone can be separated; chromatograms show excellent baseline resolution, and results are in good agreement with colorimetric methods. The same extraction and cleanup can be used to improve colorimetric methods for furazolidone and nitrofurazone.

Aminobenzoates↗

PubMed1980

Comparison of treatment of pyometra with estradiol cypionate or cloprostenol followed by infusion or non-infusion with nitrofurazone.

One hundred-fifty-two dairy cows affected with pyometra were treated either with cloprostenol (CLP) or with estradiol cypionate (ECP). The cows which failed to respond within 7-10 days were re-treated with the same drug used in the first treatment. Half of the cows which responded to these treatments received intrauterine infusions with 50 cc nitrofurazone solution. After two treatments, 72 (94.9%) of 79 cows in the CLP group had evacuated the purulent exudate from their uteri whereas only 57 (78.1%) of 73 cows in the ECP group had responded (P<0.005). Treatment-to-breeding and treatment-to-conception intervals were not different between the ECP and CLP groups. The number of services/conception was not different up to the 4th service (3.16 vs 3.57, respectively, P>0.1). Eight (9.3%) of 86 CLP treated and 3 (5.1%) of 59 ECP treated cows had recurrence of pyometra (P>0.1). Incidence of follicular cysts within 30 days after treatment was 16.4% (13 79 ) and 7.0% (4 57 ) among CLP and ECP groups, respectively (P>0.1). Two of 106 CLP (1.9%) and 5 of 107 ECP treatments (4.7%) were associated with subsequent perimetritis and adhesions. Intrauterine infusion of nitrofurazone increased the number of services/ conception (3.57 vs 2.21, P<0.01). Cloprostenol was superior to ECP as an initial treatment of bovine pyometra. Intrauterine infusion of nitrofurazone following evacuation of the uterus appeared not to be effective in prevention of relapses and had a negative effect on conception rates.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1963

RESISTANCE AND CROSS RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI S MUTANTS TO THE RADIOMIMETIC AGENT NITROFURAZONE.

Woody-Karrer, Pearl (Palo Alto Medical Research Foundation, Palo Alto, Calif.) and Joseph Greenberg. Resistance and cross resistance of Escherichia coli S mutants to the radiomimetic agent nitrofurazone. J. Bacteriol. 85:1208-1216. 1963.-Cross-resistance relationships are described for 73 mutants of Escherichia coli strain S selected in one step for resistance to nitrofurazone. The test agents included ultraviolet radiation, five radiomimetic compounds, and penicillin; 12 different types of mutants could be selected. Two of these were chemoresistant, three were identical to radioresistant types previously isolated by use of other radiomimetic agents, and seven represented previously unobserved radioresistant types. The majority of radioresistant strains did not respond to plating-medium reactivation after ultraviolet radiation, despite the ultraviolet radiation responses of several minority representative strains. The data presented indicate that radioresistance in E. coli S does not involve resistance to most toxic agents; on the other hand, cross resistance to radiomimetic compounds is not restricted to alkylating agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1977

Nitrofurazone: vas irrigation as adjunct in vasectomy.

Intraoperative nitrofurazone vas injection has been utilized to hasten sterility in the immediate postoperative period. Clinically 100 outpatient vasectomies were performed in which nitrofurazone was utilized in a 1 mg. per milliliter concentration to irrigate the distal (penile) vas segment resulting in early attainment of azoospermia postoperatively in 90 per cent of the patients.

Humans↗