PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Neonatal Mortality--statistics”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Analysis of causes of neonatal death in the United States with specific emphasis on fatal hyaline membrane disease.

National mortality statistics for hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and other major causalities were examined in this study for the years 1968 to 1978. A progressive reduction in total neonatal deaths began in 1971 such that only 56% as many newborn deaths occurred in 1978 as in 1968 (31,618 vs 66,456). In each of the 11 years surveyed, the majority of deaths occurred during the first four days of life, with more than half of the infants dying before 48 hours of age. HMD/RDS was the leading cause of death during nine of the 11 years analyzed, accounting for an average 19.5% of neonatal fatalities. Deaths associated with HMD/RDS increased for 1968 to 1971 plateaved and progressively decreased in the ensuing years between 1974 and 1978. Thus, the percent of all neonatal deaths attributable to HMD/RDS increased from 14.7% in 1968 to a maximum of 21.3% in 1974, before declining to 17.5% in 1978. The average contribution of other major causes of death to overall neonatal mortality were: perinatal asphyxia, 13.4%; immaturity, 13.4%; and complications of pregnancy, 11.1%. These data indicate that: (1) despite the declining incidence of fatal HMD/RDS the disorder accounted for an increasing percent of total deaths through the later part of the 11-year period; (2) prevention and/or improved management of asphyxia made the most significant (29%) contribution to reduced neonatal mortality; (3) less change occurred in fatal complications of pregnancy, implying a continuing need for improved maternal/fetal care. Comparing national mortality statistics with those of Wisconsin suggests that further reduction in HMD/RDS death rates should be possible and could have a marked influence on national neonatal mortality statistics.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1991

Perinatal mortality statistics in Harare 1980-1989.

Perinatal and neonatal mortality rates, in the Greater Harare Maternity Unit, which showed a modest decline from 1980 to 1985, have rise dramatically since then. Half of the rise in neonatal mortality rate is due to increased numbers and an increased mortality rate in babies of birth weight less than 1001g. There is also an increase in the numbers of deaths of large babies. There is a strong case for a broad-based on-going enquiry into the reasons for such changes.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1986

[Definition and classification of perinatal mortality].

Analysis of problems related to the classification of perinatal mortality was made possible through the evaluation of data collected from the medical records of nine maternity hospitals in South-Hainaut. Medical records of 135 fetal and early neonatal deaths were investigated. Perinatal mortality statistics were compiled on the basis of five different definitions of perinatal mortality. Depending on which definition was used, perinatal mortality varied between 10.2% and 15.1%. This study shows that reporting of perinatal mortality in hospital registries according to the legal requirement is incomplete. Standard data should be collected for each pregnancy product, on the basis of clearly defined, national and international accepted definitions. It is suggested that the 1975 recommendations of the World Health Organization (International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition), be used for definition and classification of perinatal mortality.

Belgium↗
PubMed1992

Database use in neonatal intensive care units: success or failure.

The purpose of this national survey was to define the extent and features of database use by 445 tertiary level neonatal intensive care nurseries in the United States. Of the 305 centers responding to our survey, 78% had a database in use in 1989 and 15% planned to develop one in the future. Nurseries varied remarkably in the volume of data collected, the amount of time devoted to completing data collection forms, and the personnel involved in data collection. Although data were used primarily for statistical reports (93% of nurseries), quality assurance (73%) and research activities (61%) were also enhanced by database information. Neonatal databases were used to generate reports for the permanent medical record in 38% of centers. Satisfaction with the database was dependent on how useful the database information was to centers which collected and actually used a large volume of information. Overall, nurseries expressed a high degree of confidence in the data they collected, and 65% felt their neonatal database information could be used directly in publication of research. It was disturbing that accuracy of data was not monitored formally by the majority of nurseries. Only 27% of centers followed a routine schedule of data quality assurance, and only 53% had built in error messages for data entry. We caution all who receive database information in the form of morbidity and mortality statistics, clinical reports on patients cared for in neonatal units, and published manuscripts to be attentive to the quality of the data they consume. We feel that future database design efforts need to better address data quality control. Our findings stress the importance and need for immediate efforts to better address database quality control.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Birth weight-specific causes of infant mortality, United States, 1980.

To describe underlying causes of infant death by birth weight, we used data from the 1980 National Infant Mortality Surveillance project and aggregated International Classification of Diseases codes into seven categories: perinatal conditions, infections, congenital anomalies, injuries, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), other known causes, and nonspecific or unknown causes. Compared with heavier infants, infants with birth weights of 500-2,499 grams (g) are at increased risk of both neonatal and postneonatal death for virtually all causes. Sixty-two percent of neonatal deaths (under 28 days of life) were attributed to "conditions arising in the perinatal period," as defined using codes from the International Classification of Diseases. Prematurity-low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were the leading causes of such deaths among infants with birth weights of 500-2,499 g, while birth trauma-hypoxia-asphyxia and other perinatal respiratory conditions were the leading causes among heavier infants. For all birth weight groups, congenital anomalies were the second leading cause, representing 27 percent of neonatal deaths. Although perinatal conditions caused nearly one-third of postneonatal deaths (28 days to under 1 year of life) among infants with birth weights of 500-1,499 g, for the other birth weight groups these conditions were much less important; predominant causes of postneonatal death were sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), congenital anomalies, infections, and injuries. Black infants had a roughly twofold higher risk of neonatal and postneonatal death than did white infants for all causes except congenital anomalies, which occurred with almost equal frequency in blacks and whites. However, for infants with birth weights of 500-2,499 g, blacks had lower risks of neonatal death from RDS and congenital anomalies. Between 1960 (the latest year for which national birth weight-specific mortality statistics had been available) and 1980, SIDS emerged as a major diagnostic rubric. Otherwise, except for infections and congenital anomalies among infants with birth weights of 500-1,499 g, all causes of death declined in frequency among all birth weight groups.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Regional early mortality in relation to social and hospital structure].

Detailed analysis of governmental mortality statistics yields information on regional differences in the care for preterm infants in West Germany. 68% of newborn infants dying within the first 7 days of life are of low birth weight. In the 11 states, highest/lowest early neonatal mortality fell from 11.6/6.0 to 6.2/3.1 during the years 1978 to 1982. In the 31 administrative districts, a small negative correlation (r = -0.37) exists for neonatal mortality and tax revenue. Increased regional mortality indicates diminished regionalization of perinatal care for preterm infants.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1981

Outcome for infants of very low birthweight: survey of world literature.

Reports from developed countries world wide describing the outcome for infants of very low birthweight (VLBW, less than or equal to 1500 g) born since 1946 show that, in general, mortality rates and the prevalence of major handicap in survivors were high until 1960. Since then the chances of healthy survival have trebled, whereas the handicap-rate has remained stable and relatively low at 6--8% of VLBW live births.

Australia↗
PubMed1991

In utero exposure to steroid contraceptives and survival during infancy.

A cohort study was conducted in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, in 1,431 children of women who had used the injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera (The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan), 565 children of women who had used oral contraceptives during pregnancy, and a group of 2,307 control infants with no hormonal contraceptive exposures. In follow-up interviews, information was obtained on stillbirths and deaths. Cause of death was ascertained by interview, death certificate, or medical record, and underlying causes of death were ascribed by a panel. The children exposed in utero to Depo-Provera had higher neonatal and infant mortality rates (44.3 and 62.9 per 1,000 live births, respectively) than did the controls (19.8 and 29.1 per 1,000 live births). Mortality in infants exposed in utero to oral contraceptives was intermediate between that in the other two groups. Adjustment by logistic regression showed no significantly increased risk of mortality among infants exposed to oral contraceptives, but the odds ratio for death was significantly increased with Depo-Provera exposures due to accidental pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.1-3.0) for neonatal deaths; OR = 2.0 (95% Cl 1.3-3.2) for infant deaths). Adjustment for low birth weight reduced the risks, suggesting that low birth weight may act as an intermediate determinant of Depo-Provera-associated mortality. Among the accidental pregnancies with Depo-Provera, there was a relation between shorter injection-to-conception intervals, when maternal blood levels of the drug are high, and an increased risk of mortality. The odds ratios for neonatal mortality were 2.5 (95% Cl 1.1-5.7), 2.1 (95% Cl 1.0-4.6), and 0.9 (95% Cl 0.4-2.4) for injection-to-conception intervals of less than or equal to 4, 5-8, and greater than 9 weeks, respectively. Adjustment for low birth weight reduced these risks. Chi-square tests for trend were highly significant. Similar associations were also observed between Depo-Provera accidental pregnancies and risks of low birth weight. Thus, infants from accidental pregnancies that occur 1-2 months after a 150-mg Depo-Provera injection may be at increased risk for low birth weight and death. However, the attributable risk is low, because such pregnancies are uncommon.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1989

The influence of in-utero transfer on perinatal mortality in a tertiary care centre.

From March 1, 1986 through February 28, 1989 inclusive there was a total of 8,319 births with a birth-weight of 500 g or more at Royal North Shore Hospital (RNS). Three hundred and sixty one births (4.3%) resulted from in-utero transfer of high risk pregnancies (IUT); the remainder were booked at RNS. There were 141 perinatal deaths of which 55 (39%) occurred in infants transferred in-utero. For the whole population delivered at RNS the perinatal mortality rate was 17.0/1,000 births (10.8/1,000 for booked patients versus 152.4/1,000 for IUT births), the stillbirth rate was 7.1/1,000 births (5.4/1,000 for booked patients versus 44.3/1,000 for IUT births) and the neonatal mortality rate was 9.9/1,000 livebirths (5.4/1,000 for booked patients versus 113.0/1,000 for IUT livebirths). These data show that crude perinatal mortality statistics from individual hospitals do not necessarily reflect their standard of care. Although the infants transferred in-utero comprised only 4.3% of the total population they constituted more than one third of the perinatal deaths at RNS. Their very high group specific mortality rates are related to their degree of prematurity and associated maternal and neonatal conditions.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Childhood mortality, family size and birth order in pre-industrial Europe.

Based on parish registers, demographic histories of Crulai (France), Tourouvre-au-Perche (France), and Geneva (Swizertland) established the childhood mortality experienced by complete sibships during periods of at least half a century before the Fench revolution. These observations may be presented as frequenceis in incomplete five-dimensional contingency tables. The five dimensions are: survival (living or dead), completed sibship size, birth order, type of family (according to completeness of information about family), and epoch (period in which the family lived). This paper reanalyzes these published data, using hierarchical log-linear models to discern which interations among the five variables can justifiably be inferred from the data. The neonatal and infant mortality rates of firstborn are probably higher than those of later sibs (in Crulai and Tourouvre). But mortality by age 20 (in Geneva) is associated strongly with the epoch, type of family, and family size, and not significantly with birth order. The increase in mortality with completed family size is insufficient to select, in an evolutionary sense, for limited family size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Childhood morbidity and mortality in a large hospital over last four decades.

Pediatric statistics in a 50-year-old large hospital were analysed to find out any change in pediatric admission rate, morbidity and mortality and outcome of common disorders during the last four decades. Information was collected from four block years from each of the last four decades and compared. An increase of almost 250% in the total pediatric admissions as compared to an increase of 150% in total hospital admissions over last four decades suggest an increased awareness of maternal and child health by the community. The pediatric mortality excluding neonates has not shown a significant fall over the last four decades, being 14.6, 12.7 and 13.0% in 1955-1958, 1974-1977 and 1984-1987, respectively. Diarrheal disorders, pneumonia, tetanus and infections of central nervous system continue to remain the common causes of hospital admissions in children. The morbidity and mortality in these disorders, in general, have shown a significant decline though less appreciable in pyogenic meningitis, encephalitis and tetanus cases.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Causes of death: an assessment of global patterns of mortality around 1985.

Cause-of-death statistics are available for virtually the entire population of the developed world (1.17 billion in 1985) and thus estimates of the mortality pattern in these countries can be made with some confidence, notwithstanding the artefacts which arise due to differences in diagnostic and certification practices between countries. In the developing countries, cause-of-death estimation is much more difficult due to the paucity of mortality statistics. Nonetheless, there are several sources of information on mortality, ranging from surveillance systems and small-scale community studies to complete vital registration, which can be exploited to estimate mortality patterns. Of the 50 million deaths which occur throughout the world each year, roughly 39 million (78%) occur in developing countries. For the developing countries as a whole, infectious and parasitic diseases are estimated to have accounted for almost one-half of all deaths in 1985. Diarrhoeal diseases, acute respiratory diseases (primarily pneumonia) and tuberculosis each claimed about 3-5 million deaths in the developing world in the mid-1980s, with a further 2.6 million due to measles and whooping cough. Perinatal conditions are estimated to have been responsible for a little over 3.2 million deaths in 1985 in developing countries, one-quarter of which were due to neonatal tetanus alone. Maternal causes claimed the lives of about 0.5 million women. At the same time, the chronic diseases are emerging as a leading cause of death in several regions of the developing world, particularly Latin America and East Asia. Circulatory and specific degenerative diseases are estimated to have caused about 6.5 million deaths in 1985. Chronic lung diseases and cancer are each thought to have claimed about 2.5 million lives in 1985. External causes also probably accounted for 2.0-2.5 million deaths.

Australia↗
PubMed1989

New approaches for epidemiologic studies of mortality statistics.

Finding and analyzing multiple causes of death-rather than single causes-has major epidemiologic advantages. Besides helping to reveal the magnitude of the causes or morbid conditions leading to death, it also demonstrates that deaths are usually the result of several simultaneous or sequential causes. This article reviews ways that multiple cause of death data have been analyzed in order to improve our knowledge of these causes and other relevant health factors.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification and analysis of fetal deaths in Massachusetts.

Fetal deaths, in contrast to infant deaths, have been subject to epidemiologic analysis infrequently. We characterized 574 Massachusetts resident fetal deaths from 1982 and assessed the accuracy of cause-of-death information available from vital records compared with that from corresponding fetal autopsies. The fetal death rate exceeded the neonatal mortality rate. Fetal mortality was higher among black, unmarried, and older mothers. Fetuses of multiple-gestation pregnancies had an unusually high risk of fetal death. Autopsy reports were obtained for 61% of fetal deaths. The underlying cause of death from the fetal death record differed from that on the autopsy report in 55% of cases. Systematic collection of population-based autopsy data is a useful approach for improving the quality and accuracy of mortality statistics on fetal deaths. Many stillbirths remain unexplained, however, and research is needed to identify pathological markers that might reduce the heterogeneity within the fetal deaths currently ascribed to unknown causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Retardation problems within the scope of prematurity].

Among 804 short-weight infants (birth weight less than 2500 g) born at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, from 1. 1. 1978 to 31. 12. 1981, one-third were small for gestational age babies. These hypotrophic infants showed, in relation to premature infants (appropriate for gestational age) a higher prenatal and intranatal mortality (statistically not significant). A frequent severe foetal distress mainly on the background of chronic or subacute placental insufficiency implied a higher rate of obstetrical operations by the hypotrophic infants. This was particularly evident by the incidence of caesarean sections (24.7% : 15.2% respectively). The premature hypotrophic infants had the highest caesarean section incidence, amounting to 30.3%. Postnatal adaptation proved more favourable with the small for gestational age babies than with the premature group. There was in fact a statistically significantly lower rate of asphyxiated infants detectable by means of APGAR-score less than or equal to 7 five minutes after labour and a lower neonatal and late mortality in spite of "acidotic morbidity", which was statistically significantly higher in the group of small for date infants (p less than 0.05). We consider as possible cause a higher average duration of gestation with approximately average birth weights. The difference in the clinical behaviour between the premature-hypotrophic and hypotrophic infants were smaller than between the premature-eutrophic and hypotrophic infants. This contradictory behaviour before, during and after labour requires the specialist to be capable of meeting the diagnostic and therapeutical requirements in every respect.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1985

Changes in infant mortality rates among whites, coloureds and urban blacks in the RSA over the period 1970-1983.

Using national mortality statistics, we found that infant mortality rates (IMRs) declined among whites and coloureds in the RSA over the period 1970-1983, the decrease in coloured IMR being from 134,8 to 50,7/1 000 and that in white IMR from 21,6 to 12,6/1 000. The decrease in the IMR among coloureds was mainly due to the decline in post-neonatal mortality rates (PNMRs). Since post-neonatal deaths are generally due to gastro-enteritis, pneumonia, malnutrition and measles, the decline in mortality is probably due to a decrease in these causes. The decrease in early neonatal mortality made only a small contribution to the decline in the IMR among coloureds. In the case of whites the decrease in the IMR was largely due to the decline in the early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR); these deaths usually result from low birth weight, the respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia and infections. The decline in the PNMR played a minor role. National IMRs for blacks are not reported annually, but IMRs can be calculated for the two census years 1970 and 1980 for blacks in 34 'selected' (urban) magisterial districts, and were 124,4 and 85,9/1 000 respectively. A valid IMR for 'rural' Transkei from a well-conducted epidemiological study was 130/1 000 in 1980. The components of the IMRs for blacks can only be determined for certain urban areas with large black populations such as Soweto (adjacent to Johannesburg), where the IMR fell from 81,4/1 000 in 1970 to 25,5/1 000 in 1983. The decline in the IMR was due to decreases in both the ENMR and the PNMR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Black or African American↗
PubMed1983

[Child mortality in the Hauts de Seine district].

The authors present the results of the analysis of mortality statistics among the children who were born in 1977 in the French department of Hauts-de-Seine. The data were obtained from 8th day of life health certificates, from information given by the registry office and from hospital records. The results establish the department in an excellent position: child mortality rate: 7.34%, early neonatal mortality: 2.81%, late neonatal mortality 1.45% and post-neonatal mortality: 3.08%. The causes for child mortality are analysed and suggestions concerning possible improvements are made.

Female↗