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PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of Trk tyrosine kinase receptor is a biologic marker for cell proliferation and perineural invasion of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a widely known severe malignancy with a poor prognosis. Perineural invasion extending to the extra-pancreatic nerve plexus, a significant concern in the treatment is frequently present in this cancer. We analyzed immunohistochemical expression of neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3) and the cognate receptors, Trk tyrosine kinase receptor family (TrkA, B, C) and p75NGFR in 28 surgically resected PDAC specimens. A comparative study between several clinicopathologic factors and Trk receptors revealed a significant correlation between increased expression of TrkA and cancer proliferation, as well as TrkC and cancer invasion, including venous and perineural invasion. The present findings revealed a novel mechanism in PDAC progression that is mediated via a NTs-Trk interaction.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Tumor cells in lymph vessels and lymph nodes closely associated with nodal metastasis by invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

No studies have ever precisely investigated the mechanism of nodal metastasis based on the histological characteristics of tumor cells in lymph vessels and lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the histological characteristics of tumor cells in lymph vessels and lymph nodes of 393 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were significantly associated with increased nodal metastasis compared with well known histological characteristics of their primary-invasive tumor cells. Multivariate analyses showed that having a single nodal metastasis was closely dependent on primary-invasive tumor size or distance of lymph vessel tumor emboli from the margin of the primary-invasive tumor (P < 0.05) and that having 2 or more nodal metastases was significantly associated with the histological characteristics of the nodal metastatic tumors independently of the size of the primary-invasive tumor, and the number of nodes with extra-nodal invasion (ENI) significantly increased the relative risk (RR) of 4 or more nodal metastases in IDCs </= 20 mm and > 20 to </= 50 mm in size (P < 0.05). In IDCs > 50 mm in size, number of lymph vessels invaded, severe fibrosis of the stroma of extra-nodal invasive tumors, and distance of ENI from the node significantly increased the RR of 10 or more nodal metastases in the multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). The results of this study strongly suggest that the histological characteristics of tumor cells in lymph nodes and lymph vessels play an important role in nodal metastasis in IDCs of the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Identification of lymphatic endothelium in pediatric vascular tumors and malformations.

The distinction between lymphatic and other vascular vessels on microscopic sections is a challenging task. D2-40, a novel antibody, has been reported to be selective for lymphatic endothelium. We studied the specificity and sensitivity of D2-40 in pediatric vascular tumors and malformations. Fourteen lymphatic and 11 vascular lesions were randomly selected and stained with D2-40 and CD31 antibodies. The lymphatic lesions included 6 lymphatic malformations, 5 cystic hygromas (macrocystic lymphatic malformation), 2 lymphovenous malformations, and 1 lymphangioma, and the vascular lesions comprised 3 infantile hemangiomas, 3 Kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas, 2 tufted angiomas, 1 pyogenic granuloma, 1 arteriovenous, and 1 venulocapillary malformations. The staining patterns of the vascular channels were compared. In all lesions D2-40 labeled only the endothelium of thin-walled vascular channels morphologically consistent with lymphatic vessels (25 of 25). No staining of the vascular lesions (0 of 11) or of arteries and veins (0 of 25) was observed. All lymphatic lesions had D2-40-positive vessels; however, the percentage of vessels that stained varied. Five lymphatic lesions showed more than 75% D2-40-positive channels, 5 lesions had approximately 50%, and 4 cases showed fewer than 25% D2-40-positive channels. There was a tendency of more consistent D2-40 staining of small versus large lymphatic channels. CD31 constantly labeled arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatics in all lesions and all endothelial cells in the vascular lesions. D2-40 is a very specific antibody for lymphatic endothelium, with variable sensitivity. CD31 more reliably identifies lymphatic endothelium. Currently, D2-40 appears to be a good marker to identify lymphatic vessels in pediatric vascular tumors and malformations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

LYVE-1, the lymphatic system and tumor lymphangiogenesis.

Previous research into hyaluronan (HA) has focused on the role of this abundant tissue glycosaminoglycan in promoting cell migration through interactions with its transmembrane receptor CD44 on inflammatory leukocytes and tumor cells. The recent discovery of a new HA receptor, LYVE-1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial HA receptor), expressed predominantly in lymphatic vessels, highlights another aspect of HA biology: its continuous transit through the lymphatic system and its potential involvement in lymph node homing by CD44+ leukocytes and tumor cells. The functional role of LYVE-1 in lymphatic vessels and its application as a marker to study tumor lymphangiogenesis are important areas of investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Unusual metastasis of renal carcinoma].

Renal carcinoma, the third most common urological cancer, induces presence of metastases in 75% of cases. The most affected sites for metastasis are the lungs, the lymphatic system, bones, the liver, adrenal glands and the brain with sometimes a cancer free period of several years prior to evolutionary recurrence of the disease. The aim of this literature review is to report on secondary uncommon renal localizations by underlining their clinical significance, as well as main characteristics, in order to provide guidelines for effective patient diagnosis and therapeutic management.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood cervical lymphadenopathy.

Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common problem in children. The condition most commonly represents a transient response to a benign local or generalized infection, but occasionally it might herald the presence of a more serious disorder. Acute bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy usually is caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection or streptococcal pharyngitis. Acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis is caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection in 40% to 80% of cases. The most common causes of subacute or chronic lymphadenitis are cat scratch disease, mycobacterial infection, and toxoplasmosis. Supraclavicular or posterior cervical lymphadenopathy carries a much higher risk for malignancies than does anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Generalized lymphadenopathy is often caused by a viral infection, and less frequently by malignancies, collagen vascular diseases, and medications. Laboratory tests are not necessary in the majority of children with cervical lymphadenopathy. Most cases of lymphadenopathy are self-limited and require no treatment. The treatment of acute bacterial cervical lymphadenitis without a known primary source should provide adequate coverage for both Staphylococcus aureus and group A beta hemolytic streptococci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Traditional and newer pathologic factors.

There has long been a pressing clinical need to identify prognostic and predictive factors for patients with breast cancer. Although numerous candidate biological and molecular markers have been identified during the last two decades, traditional factors such as lymph node status, tumor size, histologic type, histologic grade, and hormone receptor status remain the most useful indicators of prognosis and therapeutic response. A major obstacle to the translation of research advances into clinically useful prognostic and predictive markers has been the considerable methodologic variability used in the evaluation of the newer markers. It is now generally accepted that, to be useful in patient management, a putative prognostic or predictive marker must have clinical importance, independence, significance, and standardization with regard to methods, interpretation, and reporting. It is hoped that recognition and adoption of these criteria will serve to clarify the value of newer biologic and molecular markers.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of children with peripheral lymphadenopathy.

In this study, the clinical and laboratory features of children with lymphadenopathy were evaluated. Over a 3-year period, 126 patients were referred to the clinic for lymphadenopathy. Twenty-eight of cases have diseases mimicking lymphadenopathy; 98 (mean age: 86+/-55 months) have lymphadenopathy. Localized, limited, and generalized involvement was found in 52%, 30%, and 18% of patients. The most common localization was the head and neck region. The causes of lymphadenopathy were benign diseases in 75 patients. Sixty percent were reactive lymphadenopathy, 39% were lymphadenitis. Lymphadenitis was more frequently localized and bigger than 3 cm compared with reactive adenopathy (p=.02, p=.004). Twenty-three patients have malignant diseases whose mean age was higher than others (p=.002). The enlargement of supraclavicular nodes was more likely due to malignant disease (p=.001). The risk of malignant disease was higher in patients who had generalized lymphadenopathy, lymph nodes bigger than 3 cm, hepatosplenomegaly, and high lactate dehydrogenase levels. In conclusion, this study pointed out the important clues for the differential diagnosis, which were present in the history, physical, and laboratory findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Sonographic imaging of lymphatic vessels compared to other methods].

This paper reviews for the first time the normal and abnormal appearances of lymphatic channels of the skin using ultrasound. After a review of anatomy and histology, the authors present the current imaging modalities available for lymph vessel imaging. The ultrasound examination is presented with a description of the author's technique as well as the technical requirements of the ultrasound unit (12 MHz linear probe with a resolution of 400 microns). They present the ultrasound appearance of normal lymphatic channels and their relationships to the dermis, hypodermis and lymph nodes, and at last the ultrasound appearance of abnormal lymphatic pathways

Contrast Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neoplasm mortality in women in reproductive age (15 to 49 years) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1995].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality owing to neoplasms in women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1995. METHODS: A list of all deaths and their underlying causes, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9 th revision, and estimates of the female population according to age groups were provided by the SEADE Foundation. Specific coefficients for 100 thousand women for each year as well as the medians of the coefficients related to 5 years, and the percentage of underlying causes of death by subgroups were calculated. RESULTS: In young women (15 to 29 years) highest rates were found for the subgroup "Malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and hematopoiethic tissues", followed by the subgroup "Malignant neoplasm of bones, connective tissue, skin and breast". In women aged 30 to 49 years, the leading underlying causes of death were those included in the last subgroup, followed by the subgroups "Malignant neoplasm of genitourinary organs", "Malignant neoplasm of digestive organs and peritoneum", and "Malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues". The highest specific rates of underlying causes of death for women aged 15-29 were myeloid and lymphoid leukemias, and for women aged 30-49 were in decreasing rank," breast cancer"; "uterine cervix cancer" and "not specified uterine part cancer"; "stomach cancer"; "tracheal, bronchial and lung cancer" and "ovarian and other uterine annexes". CONCLUSION: Preventive measures to eliminate or lower the risk factors exposure and to promote early diagnosis and prompt treatment of these neoplasms should be enhanced in order to avoid possible future pregnancy complications and to prolong survival of women of reproductive age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Risk of neoplastic disease in workers from petroleum refineries and in persons employed in fuel distribution].

The author reviews in her paper results of 35 epidemiological surveys, including cohort studies, analysis of mortality and case-control studies. All of them focussed on the assessment of risk of neoplastic disease among workers of petroleum refineries and among persons engaged in the fuel distribution. The results yielded by the afore-said surveys, indicate a lower general mortality and mortality from all malignant neoplasms in the populations under study but a higher risk for the occurrence or death from malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue as well as from malignant neoplasm of skin in the refinery workers. Data on risk of death from malignant neoplasm of digestive organs, kidneys, bones, prostate, brain and the central nervous system among the refinery workers and those on risk of death from malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue, kidneys, stomach and lung in persons engaged in the fuel distribution are very often contradictory. It is most probable that confounding factors are responsible for these contradictions.

Adolescent↗