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Results for “Neoplasms, Bone Tissue”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

MR characterization of post-irradiation soft tissue edema.

OBJECTIVE: Radiation therapy is often used to treat bone und soft tissue neoplasms, and commonly results in soft tissue edema in the radiation field. However, the time course, distribution and degree of this edema have not been well characterized. Our study was carried out to better define these features of the edema seen following neutron and photon radiation therapy. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Two hundred and twenty-six patients underwent radiation therapy as part of combined modality management for musculoskeletal sarcomas between 1985 and 1993. Of these, 15 had surgical resection of their neoplasm, had no clinical evidence of recurrent disease, and had adequate MR follow-up that allowed sequential assessment of soft tissue following irradiation. Ten patients received photons with an average dose of 52.8 Gy. Five patients received neutrons with an average dose of 17.3 nGy. Sequential MR follow-up was available in these patients for an average of 22.8 months following radiation therapy. On each of the serial MR imaging studies, subcutaneous fat, muscle, and the intramuscular septa/fascial planes were graded subjectively as to size and signal intensity. RESULTS: In general, soft tissue signal intensity in the radiation field initially increased over time, peaking at about 6 months for neutron-treated patients and at about 12-18 months for photon-treated patients. Signal intensity then decreased slowly over time. However, at the end of the follow-up period, signal intensity remained elevated for most patients in both groups. Signal intensity in a particular tissue was greater and tended to persist longer on STIR sequences than on T2-weighted sequences. Survival analysis of signal intensity demonstrated much longer edema survival times for neutron-treated patients than for photon-treated patients. Signal intensity increase in the intramuscular septa persisted for much longer than for fat or muscle. A mild increase in size was noted in the subcutaneous fat and intramuscular septa. Muscle, on the other hand, showed a decrease in size following treatment. This was mild for the photon-treated group and more marked for the neutron-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relatively wide variation in the duration and degree of post-irradiation edema in soft tissues. This edema seems to persist longer in the intramuscular septa than in fat or muscle. Although the duration of follow-up was limited, our study suggests that this edema resolves in roughly half the photon-treated patients within 2-3 years post-treatment and in less than 20% of neutron-treated patients by 3-4 years post-treatment. Muscle atrophy was seen in both photon- and neutron-treated patients, but was more severe in the neutron-treated group.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Core-needle biopsy performed by the cytopathologist: a technique to complement fine-needle aspiration of soft tissue and bone lesions.

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is gaining increased popularity in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions; and, in many patients, a definitive diagnosis can be rendered from aspiration smears alone. The main limitation of FNAC of soft tissue and bone neoplasms is in the evaluation of tissue architecture. In addition cytologic specimens are not always adequate for ancillary studies. METHODS: A consecutive series of 130 patients with soft tissue and bone lesions was examined by core-needle biopsy (CNB) performed by a cytopathologist in conjunction with FNAC. The findings of this combined diagnostic approach were compared with histologic diagnoses made on surgical biopsies and resected specimens from 86 patients. Adequate follow-up was available in all patients. RESULTS: FNAC combined with CNB correctly could identify 77 of 78 malignant lesions and 50 of 52 benign lesions. Only seven patients underwent incisional biopsy. The tumor subtype was determined correctly in 30 of 39 patients (77%) and the malignancy grade was determined in 35 of 39 patients (90%) with primary soft tissue and bone sarcomas compared with the biopsy or operative specimens. CONCLUSIONS: FNAC of musculoskeletal tumors/lesions complemented with CNB combined cytomorphology with tissue architecture and ancillary procedures. In the current study, obtaining FNAC as well as CNB at the same clinic visit and by the cytopathologist made preliminary diagnosis on the day of referral possible. This speeded diagnosis increased the number of correct diagnoses and usually enabled correct subtyping and malignancy grading of sarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Angiography-proven liver metastases explain low efficacy of lymph node dissections in medullary thyroid cancer patients.

AIM: To report the role of liver angiography in the staging of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty MTC patients with persistent or recurrent hypercalcitonemia (n=49), a characteristic general symptom (diarrhea, n=4) or a normal basal calcitonin level without general symptoms (n=7) were investigated by dynamic liver CT, MRI and angiography between 06/1998 and 06/2002. RESULTS: Dual-phase CT and MRI investigations identified hepatic metastases with relatively low frequency (8/58 on MRI, and 7/60 on CT). Angiography indicated liver involvement in 54/60 cases. The hepatic metastases were typically multiple, hypervascular, small foci (only 13 foci measured >/=10 mm). With one exception significant disease progression was not observed over 5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Liver angiography is a powerful tool to reveal hepatic metastases in MTC patients. Frequent, inoperable liver metastases in hypercalcitoninemic MTC patients demonstrate that secondary lymph node dissection is an inefficient technique for restoration of a normal calcitonin level.

Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Hyaline cartilage-origin bone and soft-tissue neoplasms: MR appearance and histologic correlation.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images and histologic studies of 16 chondroid-matrix lesions were reviewed to determine if any distinctive morphologic or signal features might be discerned. Ten biopsy-proved nonchondroid bone lesions were compared in terms of configuration and signal characteristics. The tumor matrix had a distinctive appearance of homogeneous high signal intensity in a defined lobular configuration on images of all hyaline cartilage lesions obtained with a long repetition time and a long echo time. The areas of hyperintensity relative to muscle corresponded to areas of hyaline cartilage matrix with its uniform composition, low cellularity, and high water content; the lobular morphologic characteristic had an identical histologic correlate. The chondroblastomas, clear-cell chondrosarcoma, and synovial chondromatosis demonstrated a much more cellular stroma, with only scattered islands of chondroid matrix, and were isointense or hypointense compared with muscle on all MR sequences. The distinctive lobular, high-intensity MR appearance was not seen in the ten nonchondroid bone lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Function after subtotal scapulectomy for neoplasm of bone and soft tissue.

We describe the functional results in 14 patients (7 men, 7 women) after subtotal scapulectomy for primary bone and soft-tissue tumours at a specialist musculoskeletal oncology unit. Eight had chondrosarcomas, two Ewing's sarcomas, one aggressive fibromatosis and three soft-tissue sarcomas. The mean follow-up was 52 months (6 to 120). Analysis of residual symptoms and of range and strength of movement by physicians used the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society rating scale (MSTS). Physical disability was measured by the patients using the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS). All 14 patients are still alive, two with systemic disease. Nine had more than 80% of their scapula resected but the glenohumeral joint was preserved in all cases. Eight had full movement and another two achieved 90 degrees of flexion. The mean functional results were good to excellent in all except three patients (mean MSTS = 71.6 and TESS = 79.9). Two of these three patients had considerable pain as a result of brachial neuropathy. Scapulectomy gives an excellent functional result if the glenohumeral joint is preserved. The rotator cuff could be removed without a severe functional deficit provided that the deltoid was reattached to the scapular remnant and the trapezius.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Traumatic myositis ossificans of the superior belly of the omohyoid.

The first case of traumatic myositis ossificans (TMO) involving a strap muscle of the neck is reported. TMO typically presents with an unresolved mass following trauma or surgery, requiring differentiation from other soft tissue and bone neoplasms. Opacification may be present on soft tissue X-rays. Computed tomography (CT) scan may demonstrate a characteristic zoning phenomenon to establish the diagnosis. The disorder is frequently self-limiting but surgery may be required for persistent symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the child with a bone or soft-tissue neoplasm.

The prebiopsy evaluation of a child with a musculoskeletal neoplasm is the cornerstone for all subsequent treatment. A better understanding of the natural history of pediatric musculoskeletal tumors and an explosion in the development of sensitive new imaging modalities have significantly advanced the care of the child with a musculoskeletal pathologic condition. This article details the prebiopsy clinical and radiographic evaluation of the child or adolescent with a musculoskeletal neoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Central lipoma of the mandible. A new case].

Lipomas are benign neoplasms affecting many organs of the body with adipose tissue. As a bone central lesion they represent less than 1% of all lipomas. In the literature lipomas are reported in different bones: calcaneum, ribs, fibula, phalanges, ulna, frontal and parietal bone. In the jaws 8 cases have been reported, most of them representing radiographic findings the clinician diagnosing cyst or tumor, specially odontogenic tumor. No preference has been reported for any gender, age or race but the condition appears after the fourth decade. We report a case of central lipoma in the mandible with the clinical, radiological and histopathological findings and discuss its origin.

Adipose Tissue↗