PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Obsessive-compulsive disorder”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Use of phenazepam in the treatment of neurotic conditions].

The report contains data concerning clinical studies of a new Soviet tranquilizer of benzodiazepine derivative--phenazepam. Treatment of 100 patients gave a good therapeutical effect in 82%. The best results were attained in the treatment of generalized hystero-neurotical states, somewhat less in the group of neurotic states with a prevalence of affective disorders and the less effective in the obsessive-phobic syndrome. On the basis of comparative studies, the conclusion is made that phenazepam is not worse by its psychotropic activity than ativan (lorazepam) and exceeds diazepam (seduxen), most likely because of its myorelaxing action. The drug exerted an expressed hypnotic effect being not less than eunoctin and other eunectics.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cure and care of neurosis. I. Cure.

Behavioural psychotherapy has long historical roots. Recently it has led to effective treatment for selected neuroses, including phobic, obsessive-compulsive and sexual disorders. Potent therapy has become a tool of experimental psychopathology which advances theory and practice. A pervasive principle is exposure of the patient to those stimuli which evoke his discomfort until this subsides. Level of arousal during exposure does not affect outcome. Theoretical issues are reviewed which decide when exposure will be sensitizing or habituating. Both psychoanalytical and conditioning models of neurosis are out of date, and models derived more directly from clinical experiment are becoming possible. The aetiology of phobias and rituals can be seen as failed extinction rather than enhanced acquisition. Relevant phylogenetic and biological factors are discussed. At the other extreme, well-documented faith-healing indicates huge gaps in our knowledge of psychotherapy.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed2026

Metabolomic ageing across mental and behavioural disorders.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with mental disorders face excess morbidity and premature mortality. Accelerated ageing has been proposed as a contributing mechanism but population-scale evidence across diverse diagnoses is limited. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether metabolomic ageing differs across mental disorders and whether associations vary by sex, age group and genetic liability. METHODS: Using plasma metabolomic profiles from UK Biobank participants, we applied a metabolomic ageing clock (MileAge) to estimate disorder-specific differences between metabolite-predicted and chronological age. Mental disorders were ascertained from health records and self-reported physician diagnoses. We analysed nine diagnostic groups and 45 individual disorders and assessed sex and age group differences and associations with polygenic scores. FINDINGS: Among 225&#x2009;212 participants (54% female; mean age 56.97), 38&#x2009;524 had a diagnosis preceding baseline. Substance use, psychotic, affective and neurotic disorders were associated with a metabolite-predicted age older than chronological age, largest for psychosis (&#x3b2;=0.556, 95% CI 0.250 to 0.861, p<0.001). Obsessive-compulsive and eating disorders were associated with a metabolite-predicted age younger than chronological age. Several associations were stronger in males and in individuals aged <65 years. Higher genetic liability to depression, autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predicted an older metabolomic age (&#x3b2; range=0.020&#x2009;to 0.047), whereas polygenic scores for psychosis and tobacco use disorder predicted a younger metabolomic age (&#x3b2; range=-0.023&#x2009;to -0.040). For obsessive-compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa, clinical and genetic associations indicated younger metabolomic ageing. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolomic ageing in mental disorders is heterogeneous. While many disorders are associated with an older biological age, some are linked to a younger biological age. Divergence between genetic liability and clinical phenotypes suggests that non-genetic factors shape biological ageing differences. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Biological age should not be assumed to uniformly exceed chronological age across mental disorders. Sex and age-specific approaches could improve understanding of biological ageing processes in psychiatry.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

EEG studies on patients with chronic obsessive-compulsive neurosis before and after psychosurgery (stereotaxic bilateral anterior capsulotomy).

In 35 patients with chronic severe obsessive-compulsive neurosis the EEG was studied before, shortly after (10 days) and 1--2 years after a psychosurgical intervention (stereotaxic bilateral anterior capsulotomy). The preoperative EEG was completely normal or borderline in most of the patients (94%). After surgery EEG changes appeared in 90% of the patients. In most of them (75%) these consisted in bilaterally synchronous bursts of rhythmic slow waves with a maximum in the frontal regions. No consistent change of the alpha activity could be found. At the follow-up examinations most of the EEGs (79%) showed the same pattern as at the preoperative control. No focal or epileptiform abnormalities were observed, either at the immediate postoperative or at the follow-up examination.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic and structural features of a case of compulsive neurosis as revealed in dreams.

Several examples of the manifest dreams reported by a patient with a compulsive neurosis are presented. An outstanding feature of the dreams was the sudden shift of the dreamer's self-representation from the role of criminal to the role of policeman. This shift is thought to parallel the oscillation between unconscious instinctual gratification and conscious attempts at reparation which is the main dynamic feature of the compulsive neurosis in waking life. The shift of orientation of the self reflects the operation of early defense mechanisms against the sadistic impulse. It also portrays graphically an early stage in the internalization process which leads ultimately to the creation of the superego. The repetitive nature of the dreams indicated that the patient had become fixated at this particular point in the course of his psychic development. It is interesting to note that like the Rat Man this patient suffered from a chronically undescended testicle. The real defect in the sexual apparatus in both patients may have been a factor which favored regression of the libido from the genital stage to the anal-sadistic stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Planimetric volumetry of human brains].

1) Coronal sections measuring exactly 4 mm in thickness of 106 human brains (212 cerebral hemispheres) were cut with the Göttinger Hirnmakrotom. Planimetric volumetry of various macroscopically delineated structures was performed on photographs of the sections. 2) The volumes ovtained from 58 "normal cases" were used for determining preliminary standards as well as mean values and standard deviations for age and sex. The female-male ratio of the structures measured varies between 86 and 92%. Comparing right and left a predominance of the left pallidum for both sexes is apparent showing an error probability of less than 5%. In "normal" men a significant predominance of the rightsided frontal structures, located anterior to the anterior commissure, have been found (error probability of less than 1%). 3) Regarding the 48 "abnormal cases", striatum and pallidum show a uniform picture in Huntington's disease, namely an extreme shrinkage. The pallidum shrinks to a similar extent as the striatum, although its neurones are not substantially affected by this system atrophy. Other structures do not display similarly uniform changes in this disease. 4) In Parkinson's syndrome a tendency of the pallidum to enlarge -- though statistically not significant -- is seen. This raises the question whether a constitutional hyperplasia of this structure is sometimes involved in the pathogenesis. 5) In Pick's disease, it is not only the histologically impressive centers of shrinkage of the cerebral cortex that are atrophic, but, to a somewhat lesser degree, also the whole telencephalon. 6) In an 18-year-old girl with malignant obsessional neurosis (schizophrenia?) the volume of the striatum was highly above average values enlarged. 7) Bibliographical data of macroscopic-quantitative brain research reveal many problems which can be solved today due to improved methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Psychosomatics of acne].

Psychopathology occurs much more frequently in cases of persisting than in juvenile acne. Moreover, a neurotic personality structure is much more common in cases of persisting than juvenile acne. When a neurotic structure is present, the juvenile acne patient maladjusts to the acne and develops neurotic symptoms. Such psychological consequences represent further stress and cause exacerbations, thus transforming the juvenile into persisting acne. The increased psychopathology in persisting acne is thus both a result as well as a partial cause. It is a link in a vicious circle. The typical pathological patterns of reaction in acne are described.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1977

Use of EMG biofeedback in behavioral treatment of an obsessive-phobic-depressive syndrome.

A 25 year old woman who suffered from depression (associated with obsessive, phobic thoughts of animal abuse or neglect) was treated with systematic desensitization in which EMG biofeedback was used to achieve relaxation. EMG responses were also used to aid both the therapist and the patient in the pairing of hierarchical imagery and muscular relaxation during desensitization, EMG responses were particularly useful in detecting rising muscular tension, indicating when visualization of a depression-provoking situation should be terminated. Ratings concerning frequency and intensity of depressive thoughts (made by the patient before and after therapy), as well as 6-month follow-up information, attest to the success of the therapeutic program.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of a case of chronic obsessive troubles through combined behavioral therapy (author's transl)].

Behavior therapy of a young man, suffering from grave obsessive and compulsive troubles is the first example of combined therapy, with individual therapy, family therapy as group therapy. Two steps are find in the cure. There are benefits--trust and hope--due to psychiatric hospitalization and generous and constant affection of the sponse. The sponse was the key of reciprocal inhibition necessary to the control of anxieties due to the treatment. The aim reached was the control of obsessions and compulsions lasting for more than sixteen years.

Adult↗