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Results for “Occlusal Splints”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

A modified occlusal splint to avoid tracheotomy for total midface osteotomies.

A modified occlusal splint is described which may be used to avoid tracheostomy when a total midface osteotomy is required. We demonstrate the accuracy of the modified splint by using the technique in a control subject who underwent alginate impressions, dental casts, and a face-bow transfer. A modified splint was constructed on the articulated dental models and was found to be accurate within the range of rotational movement of the temporomandibular joint. The technique is demonstrated in a patient with Crouzon's syndrome undergoing cranial vault reshaping and a monobloc (midface) advancement. The modified occlusal splint provides an alternative method of airway management when precise intraoperative occlusal relationships are important.

Child↗

PubMed1992

Acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy in the treatment of craniomandibular disorders. II. A 1-year follow-up study.

Eighty patients, of whom 22 were men and 58 women, participated in a 1-year follow-up study. All participants in the study showed signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders (CMD) and had had pain for more than 6 months at treatment start. The patients were randomly assigned to either acupuncture or occlusal splint therapy. Those patients who did not respond to either of the treatment modes were offered various additional therapies. The result showed that 57% of the patients who received acupuncture and 68% of the patients treated with occlusal splint therapy benefited subjectively (p < 0.01) and clinically (p < 0.001) from the treatment over a 12-month period. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups as to the assessment variables. Those patients who received various additional therapies after acupuncture and/or occlusal splint therapy responded favorably to additional treatment in only a few instances. The study showed that acupuncture gave positive results similar to those of occlusal splint therapy in patients with primarily myogenic CMD symptoms over a 1-year follow-up period.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1992

The use of transcranial stimulation in the fabrication of an occlusal splint.

An alternative method for fabricating occlusal splints by means of electric transcortical stimulation is presented. Ensuing results in one patient suggest neuromuscular benefits. However, the centric occlusal position determined by this method is a painful procedure because of electric stimulation on the scalp. Further and extensive investigations must be carried out to assess the clinical benefits and limits of this method.

Dental Occlusion↗

PubMed1979

An evaluation of a polyvinyl occlusal splint for improving the health of inflamed maxillary supporting mucosa of complete denture patients.

A study was made to determine the effects of a polyvinyl occlusal splint on improving the health of inflamed maxillary supporting mucosa. Color slides were made before and after treatment of the maxillary supporting mucosa of 22 edentulous patients wearing dentures during a 15-day test period. The control group consisted of 13 patients, and the experimental group was comprised of nine patients who wore the occlusal splint over the maxillary denture. The 35 mm color slides taken before and after treatment were evaluated by 50 examiners to determine if the health of the maxillary supporting mucosa was better, the same, or worse after the 15-day test period. Fourteen of the examiners were retested to determine the reliability of the viewer. An observable change was noted in the experimental group at a p value less than 1 in 100,000. These findings indicate that the occlusal splint was effective in improving the health status in 64.7% of the experimental patients and that the experimental method was valid.

Dental Occlusion↗

PubMed1979

Occlusal splint fabrication.

There are many methods of fabricating an occlusal splint. The advantages of the technique described are as follows: (1) little intraoral adjustment is required, (2) there is ease in construction, and (3) only one set of diagnostic casts can serve for both occlusal analysis and splint construction. The disadvantage is that an occlusion with group function cannot be produced by this method.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1989

Postural and maximum activity in elevators during mandible pre- and post-occlusal splint treatment of temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome.

Electromyograms (EMGs) of the temporal and masseter muscles in sixty patients with temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome (TMJDS) and thirty controls were recorded and integrated on-line in the postural position and during maximum clenching, before and after occlusal splint therapy. Contrasting with the controls, the myoelectrical activity of the patients was higher in the postural position and lower during maximum clenching, whilst the former in percentage terms increased when compared to the latter. After treatment, the EMG indexes in some patients returned partially, and in others completely, to a normal level. Tenderness in the mandibular elevators, deviated opening and organic change in the TMJ increased the postural myoelectrical activity, in percentage terms, against that of maximum clenching. The myoelectrical activity of the mandibular elevators in the postural position and during maximum clenching was smaller in patients with the occlusal splint than in those without. The results show that the mandibular elevators in the patients with TMJDS were hyperactive and tense, and that the occlusal splint was useful for treating such dysfunction.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Biomechanically optimized construction of occlusal splints and subjective evaluation by probands].

In a double blind study twelve class I probands received occlusal splints with six different customized anterior guidances. The subjective feelings were rated using a psychologic scale. It was shown, that splints with a large "a" were better rated than splints with a small "a". "a" is the radius of the maximal curvature of the sagittal anterior tooth curvature. The transition between positive and negative ratings was very sharp and localized at the individual "a". These results suggest that occlusal splints can be optimized by including customized anterior guidances. A detailed technical description of the manufacturing of these splints is given.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1989

A short-term evaluation of the effectiveness of stabilization-type occlusal splint therapy for specific symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.

To clarify the short-term effectiveness of stabilization-type occlusal splint therapy, a specific symptom approach was used toward 30 temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients with more than two major symptoms (temporomandibular joint and/or masticatory muscle pain, temporomandibular joint sounds, and limitation of mandibular movement). Eighty-seven percent of the patients with pain responded with this therapy and more than 50% had complete relief of pain 4 weeks after insertion of the splint. Temporomandibular joint sounds and limitation of mandibular movement responded more slowly than pain. These results suggest that the stabilization-type occlusal splint should be selected as a first choice among several therapies and that temporomandibular joint pain is particularly susceptible to this therapy.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1990

Soft occlusal splint therapy in the treatment of migraine and other headaches.

Fifty-seven patients suffering from migraine, tension headache or tension vascular headache were prescribed a soft occlusal splint for night-time wear. Dental, psychosocial/psychiatric and neurological data were recorded prior to commencement of therapy and at the conclusion of a 3 month treatment period. A statistically significant number of patients presenting with migraine or tension vascular headache experienced marked improvement or complete relief of headache symptoms, but most patients suffering from tension headache failed to benefit from splint therapy. A majority of patients displaying intercurrent features of craniomandibular dysfunction experienced reduction in these symptoms also. There was a statistically significant association between TMJ improvement and headache type. Prior to treatment, patients who subsequently benefited from splint therapy in terms of headache improvement had experienced significantly fewer headaches than patients who failed to respond, although headache intensity and duration were similar in both groups. It is suggested that headache type and frequency may be prognostic indicators of the likely success of dental splint therapy in treatment of headache. Nevertheless, the use of occlusal splints in the treatment of patients complaining of headache in the absence of evidence of craniomandibular dysfunction should not be embarked upon until medical examination has excluded the possibility of organic neurological disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Nocturnal electromyographic evaluation of myofascial pain dysfunction in patients undergoing occlusal splint therapy.

Twenty-five patients with symptoms of myofascial pain and abnormal jaw function were treated with use of a full arch maxillary occlusal splint. The level of nocturnal activity of the masseter muscle was monitored as were symptoms before, during, and after occlusal splint therapy. A decreased nocturnal EMG level during treatment was noted for 52% of the patients. A return to pretreatment EMG levels after removal of the splint was noticed in 92% of the patients; in 28% no change was shown and in 20%, an increase was shown in nocturnal EMG levels. The splint was most likely to reduce nocturnal EMG levels in patients with least severe symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

An electromyographic study of the immediate effect of an occlusal splint on the postural activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles in different body positions with and without visual input.

With the mandible at rest, the clinical postural position was measured and electromyographic recordings (in seated and supine position, eyes open and eyes closed, before as well as 15 min after insertion of an occlusal splint) were from the anterior temporal and masseter muscles in thirty-one patients with signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and nocturnal bruxism. The results indicated that when the patients were seated upright, there was a distinct postural activity in the anterior temporal and in some patients also in the masseter muscles. This postural activity decreased significantly with closure of the eyes and in supine position. Fifteen minutes after insertion of an occlusal splint, the postural activity in the temporal muscles decreased in 52%, increased in 22% and remained unchanged in 26% of the patients. Moreover, the postural activity reached its lowest level in supine position. The results indicate that the supine position is the body position to be preferred for centric relation recording as well as for occlusal and splint adjustment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

A technique for evaluation of centric relation tooth contacts. Part II: Following use of an occlusal splint for treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TMJ dysfunction on the recording of centric relation. Centric relation was recorded using an anterior occlusal stop and by bimanual manipulation. Changes in occlusal contacts were recorded before and after occlusal splint therapy in six subjects with TMJ dysfunction. The pantographic reproducibility index and clinical signs and symptoms were used to determine the presence or absence of dysfunction. Use of the anterior occlusal stop resulted in a more posterior, superior initial tooth contact position when compared with bimanual manipulation. Occlusal contact positions were less consistent in TMJ dysfunction subjects than in control subjects. Initial occlusal contacts changed toward centric relation as the dysfunction disappeared. Final occlusal contact was found on the side where clinical signs and symptoms occurred. The condyle on the affected side appeared to be repositioned posteriorly and superiorly in most instances. Occlusal splint therapy was more effective when the splint was adjusted weekly. This study indicates the need to eliminate TMJ dysfunction before recording centric relation or adjusting the occlusion. Occlusal interferences found with TMJ dysfunction are not the same as occlusal interferences found when TMJ dysfunction is absent. Abnormal features on pantographic tracings may aid in indicating the presence of occlusal interferences. Occlusal adjustment in the presence of TMJ dysfunction would result in erroneous occlusal reduction.

Dental Occlusion↗

PubMed1986

A clinical and electromyographic study of the long-term effects of an occlusal splint on the temporal and masseter muscles in patients with functional disorders and nocturnal bruxism.

The postural activity of the temporal and masseter muscles in thirty-one patients with signs and symptoms of functional disorders were studied: before, during and after 3-6 months of occlusal splint therapy. The fluctuating signs and symptoms, as well as the postural activity of the temporal and masseter muscles were significantly reduced after treatment. Further, the coefficients of correlation within pairs of postural activity of the right and left muscles increased significantly. After cessation of the splint therapy the signs and symptoms recurred to the pre-treatment level within 1-4 weeks in about 80% of the patients. The results indicate that an occlusal splint can eliminate or diminish signs and symptoms of functional disorders and re-establish symmetric and reduced postural activity in the temporal and masseter muscles, which can facilitate procedures, such as functional analysis and occlusal adjustment.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Occlusal splint therapy in MPD and internal derangements of the TMJ.

Although occlusal splints are useful in the treatment of MPD and internal derangements, they must be used in a rational manner. Two basic appliances are employed in Phase I palliative therapy: a maxillary full coverage (MAR) and a mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance (MORA). The MAR is used in MPD patients primarily to disengage the occlusion and reduce parafunctional activity. In many cases of internal derangement, protrusive mandibular repositioning is indicated. By using the MORA during the day and the MAR at night, the disadvantages of each appliance are minimized.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

Prognostic features of value in the management of temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome by occlusal splint therapy.

Fifty consecutive patients diagnosed as suffering from a temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome that required occlusal splint therapy were studied. Particular attention was given to observable features that could be analyzed during resolution as indicated by using successive visual analogue scales for pain assessment. By photographing occlusal registrations before and after each splint adjustment visit it was shown that the stabilization of occlusal patterns as resolution progressed gave a good indication of the success of treatment in most patients. In patients in which stabilization of patterns occurred but pain continued there was an indication of a complicating psychosocial disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Effects of difference of occlusal splint contacts on masticatory system].

The short-term effects of the difference of occlusal splint contacts on the jaw function were investigated on five healthy subjects. The maxillary stabilization splint (S-type) was fabricated and sectioned into three parts: an anterior section (A-type) and two posterior sections (P-type). These 3 types of splints were used for 10 days for each subject. The EMG activity of the masseter and the anterior and the posterior temporal muscles were measured during the maximum clenching in the intercuspal position and on the wearing splint. Subsequently on the bite force-measuring device with two transducers the bite and the EMG activity were measured during the maximum clenching, and the intercuspal occlusal contacts were recorded. The results were as follows: 1. After wearing the P-type, the total EMG activity during clenching in the intercuspal position was decreased, then increased after removal. 2. After wearing the S-type and the A-type the anteroposterior distribution of the bite force during clenching was changed, then returned after removal. 3. After wearing the A-type, the occlusal contact area of the anterior teeth in the intercuspal position was decreased, then increased after removal, while after wearing the S-type and the P-type that of the posterior teeth was decreased, then increased after removal.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Studies on the cybernetic aspects of occlusal splint therapy].

This study was focussed on the effects of changes in interocclusal clearance on the activity of oral muscles. Two types of occlusal splints were incorporated in 20 subjects without TMJ-syndrome. Their muscle reactions were recorded electromyographically in the masseter muscle. The results show 5 groups of muscle reaction correlated with the mean postural face height. The changed height of the postural position has a significant influence on the control pattern of the masticatory system.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Electrophysiological evaluation of occlusal splint treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction].

Blink reflex time records were obtained from patients with temporomandibular joint disfunction (TMJD), before and after treatment with occlusal splint, since blink reflex time helps to study the trigeminal-facial functional relationship. Results suggest that the impaired sensory-motor function in the trigeminal-facial complex of TMJD patients, may return to normal latency values following such treatment.

Adolescent↗