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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Experimental allergic optic neuritis in guinea pigs: preliminary report.

An experimental model for acute allergic optic neuritis was produced in adult strain 13 guinea pigs by sensitization with isogenic spinal cord emulsion in complete Freund's adjuvant. These animals exhibited two distinct clinical patterns: (1) "retrobulbar optic neuritis," with a diminished pupillary response to light despite a normal fundus, and (2) "neuroretinitis," with a diminished pupillary response associated with hyperemia and swelling to the disc and juxtapapillary retinal edema. Histopathologic study of those animals with "retrobulbar neuritis" revealed that some had no abnormalities in the optic nerve or chiasm, but showed foci of mononuclear cell infiltration in the brain. Others had a mononuclear cell infiltration localized to the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve and chiasm with multiple foci of axial and periaxial demyelination. Similar pathologic changes were present in the animals with "neuroretintis", but the lesions were located just behind the lamina scleralis. These animals also exhibited marked swelling of the axons at the lamina retinalis. On examination by light microscopy, the alterations in the region of optic nerve head appeared characteristic of papilledema.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bilateral optic neuritis in childhood.

A 12-year-old male presented with a one-day history of visual failure. The clinical features were consistent with bilateral optic neuritis. Treatment with prednisolone resulted in visual function returning to normal. Bilateral optic neuritis in childhood is an uncommon condition. The aetiological factors differ from those of the adolescent and adult with optic neuritis. The childhood condition is not associated with the high risk of developing demyelination disease at some later stage.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Symptoms, signs and early course of optic neuritis.

The study was an anlysis of the early course of optic neuritis based on the case histories of 185 patients, 57% of whom were females and 43% males. More than half of the patients suffered from multiple sclerosis. In 28% of the patients the etiology remained unknown. The most common initial symptom was acute decrease in visual acuity, but in 25% the onset was subacute or slow. Pain occured in 62% and preceded decrease in visual acuity in 16% of the cases. The initial attack was unilateral in 70% and bilateral in 30% of the patients. On admission, in 64% of the involved eyes, visual acuity was poor and in 73% the defect in the visual field involved the central field. The optic disc was normal in 46%, blurred and /or hyperaemic in 20%, oedematous in 23% and in 11% there was temporal or total pallor already on admission. The last finding was common in patients with bilateral optic neuritis with a slow onset. Six months after admission visual acuity was good or excellent in 56% and the visual field was normal in 45% of the involved eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The afferent pupillary defect in acute optic neuritis.

Twenty-two patients with acute optic neuritis were studied by the techniques of infrared pupillometry and visual evoked responses (VER) to pattern reversal. A relative afferent pupillary defect was found in all cases and the magnitude of this defect was found to be related to the amplitude, but not to the latency, of the VER. During follow-up the afferent defect was found to remain persistently abnormal while other methods of clinical evaluation could not demonstrate abnormality reliably. The amplitude of the VER also remained low.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Optic neuritis in childhood (author's transl)].

The symptoms and signs of twenty-one children under 15 years of age with optic neuritis are presented here. The optic neuritis often was bilateral and accompanied by papilledema. In the acute stage there was however no typical central scotoma in every case. Some children had only peripheral visual field defects. The visual disorder will not improve so much as is general assumed: a slight decrease of visus and visual field defects in static perimetry usually persist. Half of the children developed signs of multiple sclerosis within a few years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Optic neuritis complicating measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination.

A 6-year-old boy developed bilateral optic neuritis with decreasing visual acuity 18 days after administration of live attenuated trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. The patient was treated with oral corticosteroids. The optic neuritis resolved within several weeks and normal vision returned. An afferent pupillary defect persistent in the more severely involved eye for 14 months following vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) in optic neuritis (author's transl)].

The visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) were examined in 22 patients with optic neuritis. 1. In the acute stage, amplitude and latency time of the VECPs are impaired not only on the affected eye, but often also of the fellow eye. 2. A bilateral disturbance of the VECPs often persists in the recovery period, although psychophysical functions, including color vision remain normal. 3. It follows that in cases of unilateral optic neuritis, demyelinations without clinical evidence may occur in the optic nerve of the fellow eye.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1978

Pulfrich pendulum phenomenon in patients with a history of acute optic neuritis.

The Pulfrich phenomenon is a stereoillusion in which a pendulum swinging at right angles to the line of gaze appears to be describing an elliptical path when absorbing filters are placed in front of one eye. We used two sets of polaroid glasses as adjustable filters. A spot on a modified oscilloscope served at a pendulum bob. Twenty-nine former patients with a history of optic neuritis and visual acuities of greater than or equal to 6/6 in both eyes and twenty-two normal subjects underwent examinations. The patients showed pathological recordings which separated them from the control subjects. The test seems to expose minor residual dysfunction of affected optic nerves where the visual acuity is normalized. This abnormal response when viewing the moving Pulfrich pendulum is probably caused by disturbed neural conduction. The degree of acute visual loss and the time elapsed since the attack did not seem to influence the Pulfrich response. The results may explain why some patients who have recovered from optic neuritis complain of difficulties when viewing moving objects. In addition to the use of Pulfrich illusion test for diagnostic work; i.e. clinical or subclinical attacks of optic neuritis, it can serve as a valuable supplement to the more sophisticated method of visual evoked response.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Treatmenf of optic neuritis by retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone.

In a single-blind controlled clinical trial patients with optic neuritis caused by demyelination were given a single retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone. Though the treated group showed a trend towards more rapid recovery of vision than the controls, there was no significant difference in visual acuity, colour vision, or visual fields during the first six months after treatment. We conclude that routine use of corticosteroids is not justified in unilateral optic neuritis when vision in the other eye is good. Shortening the period of visual disability in bilateral disease or unilateral disease when vision in the other eye is poor, however, may be justifiable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A prospective study of the risk of developing multiple sclerosis in uncomplicated optic neuritis.

We prospectively studied 60 patients with uncomplicated optic neuritis (ON) to determine the risk of subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS). All patients were followed for at least 5 years (mean, 7.1 years). Seventeen patients (28 percent) developed definite MS and four (7 percent) developed probable or possible MS. Six of the 17 patients who developed definite MS did so within the first year. Forty-five percent of the women but only 11 percent of the men developed MS. Both sexes were at highest risk if the ON occurred between the ages of 21 and 40. Fifty-one percent of patients in this age group progressed to MS, whereas the risk for others was 12 percent. There was an overall increased risk of MS with recurrent ON. The course of the MS appeared to be benign during the period of observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[On the differential diagnosis of bilateral retrobular optic neuritis (author's transl)].

Two cases of optic nerve neuritis are reported. The first had typical clinical symptoms and the other had an atypical course. In the case of the first patient an astrocytoma was found in the right frontal lobe. The aetiology of the second case was a meningioma of the tuberculum sellae. The clinical findings in our cases are discussed with regard to 58 cases in the literature. In all cases of optic neuritis with typical and atypical course a tumor of the central nervous system must always be taken into consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Evolution and prognosis of retrobulbar optic neuritis as the initial symptom of multiple sclerosis].

In 61 of 300 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, disease onset was retrobulbar optical neuritis. Comparing the clinical data of these patients with those of the remaining 239 cases, the following typical features were observed: in patients with optical neuropathy, disease onset is more frequently acute and course, in the early years of the disease, is in fits and starts. Recurrence frequency is higher in these patients but not significantly so. Prognosis, deduced from the analysis of degrees of invalidity, does not differ substantially between the two groups. Current techniques of diagnosing multiple sclerosis in patients with retrobulbar optical neuritis are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Optic neuritis in the Landry-Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome.

A patient with typical Landry-Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome (LG-BS) developed bilateral optic neuritis. Laboratory studies showed hypersensitivity to both central and peripheral nervous tissue myelin. The occurrence of optic neuritis is presumably due to autohypersensitivity to central nervous tissue myelin. The initial lesions of the LG-BS syndrome in the peripheral nerves might have liberated sequestered antigens that cross-reacted with central nervous system myelin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Quantitative perimetry in compressive optic neuropathy and optic neuritis.

The Goldmann perimetric defects in 20 cases of compressive optic neuropathy and 54 cases of optic neuritis were analyzed. While defects involving the papillomacular bundle were the rule in both compressive and neuritis cases, sparing of the fixational area occurred in 24% of neuritis eyes but in none of the eyes with compressive neuropathy. The most reliable differential perimetric sign was the presence of a hemianopic defect; at least one eye of 15 (75%) cases of compression showed such a defect, which was not found in any neuritis cases. The I2e was the largest kinetic isopter to demonstrate the hemianopic defect in a substantial proportion of cases. These defects were corroborated with sequential static presentation of the I2e to I4e stimuli to either side of the vertical meridan, and with similar techniques using 18/1,000 red test objects at the tangent screen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Factors likely to affect the development of multiple sclerosis in patients presenting with optic neuritis in a tropical and subtropical area.

The relationship between optic neuritis (ON) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subtropical climate is examined. 105 cases of ON were followed for varying periods over 26 years. The factors studied included place of birth, sex, age at onset, presence of recurrent ON, the interval to the onset of MS, and HLA antigen typing. 55% of cases developed evidence of definite MS. The majority of cases who went on to develop MS had their onset of ON between 21 and 40 years of age. The subtropical climate did not cause any significant variation in incidence. However those case who had HLA Bw4 appear to be protected from developing MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Myelinotoxic activity on tadpole optic nerve of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with optic neuritis.

The myelinotoxic activity of unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from eight optic neuritis (ON) and five multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with oligoclonal IgG, and from five ON patients without oligoclonal IgG, was tested in the tadpole optic nerve system. CSF from ON or MS patients with oligoclonal CSF IgG gave a significantly greater number of myelinotoxic lesions than did CSF from ON patients without oligoclonal CSF IgG, CSF from control patients, or physiologic saline. Induction of myelinotoxic lesions may be coupled with the presence of oligoclonal IgG. The findings support the hypothesis that there are two different forms of ON, of which one, characterized by oligoclonal IgG in the CSF, is more closely related to MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

HL-A histocompatibility antigens in optic neuritis.

HL-A and MLC typing in 54 patients with optic neruitis showed increased frequencies of the HL-A3, 7 and LD-7a determinants of approximately the same magnitude as in patients with multiple sclerosis. The frequencies of the same three determinants were not different in the 11 patients who developed multiple sclerosis during the period of follow-up compared to the remaining patients. There was a significant increase in the frequency of the HL-A3 determinant in patients with oligoclonal IgG of the cerebrospinal fluid at the onset of disease. The connection between this determinant and the occurrence of cerebrospinal fluid changes is not clear. The results suggest that optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis represent different aspects of the same disease entity, rather than two distinct diseases. HL-A and MLC typing did not seem to offer prognostic information as to the later development of multiple sclerosis in these patients, but the observation period is still short.

Adolescent↗