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PubMed1977

Optometry's direction versus public needs.

This paper presents some parallels between the issues relating to our young population's difficulty in vision performance facing optometry in 1976 and medical eye care in the late 1800's. Three specific elements are identified and discussed: namely, (1) difference in practice of optometry and our organizational efforts; (2) the lack of agreed-upon clinical systems; and (3) the lack of availability of care. Suggestion for consideration are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Reginald C. Augustine. Apostle of optometry.

This paper concerns itself with the personal life and professional contributions of one of the great men in optometry, R. C. Augustine. This short biography includes discussions on his childhood, his introduction to the field of optometry, his early contributions in his community, his book, his achievements during the presidency of the American Optometric Association and also his extension work the following two years. In summation, a discussion of his professional philosophy will follow.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1976

Sociological perspectives of the profession of optometry: a new look at trends since 1958.

The paper identifies many features of optometry which have changed in the fifteen years since the last paper by Orzack and Uglum; other aspects have remained surprisingly unchanged. Some of these developments could have been predicted from the analysis of the original article in 1958. This paper will be useful in evaluation of the directions in which optometry seems headed and will stimulate some planning for the future. Some of the questions raised and areas discussed will provoke contention among the optometric community and among others, and this can serve as the impetus for some critical optometric-sponsored research.

Interprofessional Relations↗
PubMed1976

National health and optometry: a follow-up study.

A stratified probability sample of the Houston, Texas population was interviewed with a previously described questionnaire (Allen, D., and D. Levi, National Health and Optometry--a survey of public attitudes. Am. J. Optom., 52 (4): 291-300, (1975) to assess present opinion of national health care and public awareness of vision care and its role in a national health care system. Of the population surveyed, 72% favored a national health care bill, some 10% lower than reported 1 year previously. A large percentage of the population sampled favored inclusion of vision care. The results are described in terms of demographic trends for those who have received optometric and ophthalmological care.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1977

An optometry course on quality assurance.

The Pennsylvania College of Optometry, in response to an increasing demand for accountability from many segments of society, has initiated a course for first-year students on quality assurance. The course covers the concept of peer review, the principles of evaluating optometric care, the rationale of ambulatory records, and the concepts of optometric diagnosing and problem solving. We believe that the need to expose optometric students to basic quality-assurance principles will increase with future third-party payment programs and consumer-rights movements.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

Electronic submission of abstracts for the annual meeting of the American Academy of Optometry.

Recently the American Academy of Optometry conducted a 2-year trial in which abstracts submitted for presentation at the Annual Meeting could be transmitted to the Academy in electronic form. Electronic submission has many advantages for the author as well as for the Academy and therefore has now been endorsed as the preferred method of submission for future meetings. Step-by-step procedures for electronic submission are described.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1992

Optometry research. Part 2: Grants received.

Part 1 showed that the dominant provider of ophthalmic research funding (85%) was the National Eye Institute (NEI) and that on the average optometry faculty members had received about 3% of that funding over the years. Part 2 shows how this 3% of NEI funding has been distributed among the 16 U.S. schools in existence during the period studied and why 3% is a rational result under current conditions.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of disabled stereopsis in a class of optometry students.

Stereopsis is said to be disabled when the third dimension (3-D) cannot be perceived during everyday life but can be when viewing conditions are appropriately arranged. To discover a test suitable for detecting disabled stereopsis, I measured stereoacuity, stereolatency, and the subjective difference in depth perception between monocular and binocular vision of a group of 41 optometry students. Only 2 students showed no sign of this disability. A predictive value for each test was calculated from the results of 14 students whose disability was confirmed by another means. Stereoacuity had the worst predictive value (43%) and stereolatency the best (100%). The prevalence of disabled stereopsis in this group was no less than 34% and might have been as great as 95%.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed1976

A study of applicants to colleges of optometry in the U.S.

A statistical summary of numbers of applicants and applications to U.S. colleges of optometry, dentistry, and medicine is presented for the six academic years, 1969-70 through 1974-75. Attention is drawn to changes during the five-year interval in numbers of (a) professional schools, (b) total applicants, (c) total applications, (d) applicants accepted, (e) applicants per acceptance, (f) percent of applicants accepted, and (g) applications per individual. Absolute numbers are listed in tabular form and, to facilitate interdisciplinary comparison, in relative numbers in a series of figures. Concerns raised by the trends revealed are outlined.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

PSRO's and optometry.

Public Law 92-603 is reviewed and reference made to sections where optometry can be involved. A guide to the development of a program for inclusion in the PSRO program is discussed and a challenge to the profession is issued.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

The use of drugs for behavior modification as it relates to the practice of optometry--Part I.

Medications used in behavior modification can result in untoward side effects, including ocular and visual changes. As in many other aspects of health care, optometrists can serve as the first line of defense to guard their patients against permanent damage from side effects they may not associate with use of their medication. Optometry's responsibility and role in management of side effects is delineated. Areas of behavior modification of concern to optometrists are discussed. These include: (1) learning problems and mental retardation; (2) mental disorders, menopause, and alcoholism; and (3) drug abuse.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1975

Optometry and the underprivileged--an investigative report.

In this essay I have taken the topic, "Optometry and the Underprivileged," and approached it as an investigative report. This investigation found me talking with people in all walks of life and visiting many institutions and health care facilities. Some of the people discussed in the report and their conditions represent composites of the real situations I encountered. Their names are fictitious and to the best of my knowledge these people do not exist. The report is intended to be informative, constructively critical, unboring, and positive. If I have accomplished this, then my purpose has been fulfilled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

What is the proper integration of optometry and ophthalmology?

The delivery of health care services in America today utilizes a variety of approaches based on many economic, political and social factors. The current health care system is coming under significant review and criticism. Many options are being considered and recommended. This paper addresses possible changes in the delivery of eye care, specifically the relationship between the professions of optometry and ophthalmology, that may be needed in the future.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1992

The pros and cons of developing additional schools and colleges of optometry.

There are no manpower studies to give hard statistics of the number of practitioners needed now and in the future. We will still be increasing the number of optometrists in the country by maintaining the same course we are on now, and show no need for any new optometric schools or colleges. Yet, the present schools and colleges of optometry may need to expand or contract their entering class size as educational reform changes optometric education.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1992

Attitudes about women in optometry.

A survey was conducted to examine attitudes that affect women in optometry. Most respondents felt that women have greater difficulty than men entering private practice. On the other hand, the majority felt that female optometrists do not find it more difficult to be employed by other ODs, MDs, or to work in corporate settings, HMOs/health institutions, or academic settings. Examining the results of the survey can help establish programs of professional development that will enable women to practice in the environments that they find most suitable. In addition, an open and honest discussion of these issues can raise the sensitivity of the optometric community to these issues.

Attitude↗
PubMed1992

How can optometry become more effective in recruiting and retaining appropriate numbers of underrepresented and disadvantaged students.

The proportion of minority students in optometry schools remains very small compared to that in the general population. The numbers in the general population are rising and the gap could widen if serious recruitment programs are not implemented. The most effective methods of expanding the applicant pool and recruiting students involve personal contact with people in the profession. Admissions processes must be carefully analyzed to eliminate systematic bias. Retention programs should be in place and can also be used to benefit all students. Financial aid programs must be expanded to accommodate a higher proportion of students from lower socio-economic backgrounds.

Humans↗