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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Distribution of inverted repeat sequences in nuclear DNA from Physarum polycephalum.

Inverted repeat sequences, capable of forming stable intra-chain foldback duplexes, are shown using electron microscopy to be located in over 90% of fragments of nuclear DNA from Physarum polycephalum. A statistical treatment of the data indicates that, on average, foldback sequence foci are spaced every 7,000 nucleotides and that they are distributed uniformly amongst the DNA chains. The majority of inverted repeat sequences give rise to the simple types of foldback structure observed in DNA from other eukaryotic species, but a significant proportion of the DNA fragments also contain novel foldback structures with a more complex appearance, referred to as 'bubbled' hairpins. The latter structures appear to be formed by the annealing of several distinct segments of homologous inverted repeat sequence, each separated by interspersed non-foldback sequences of variable sizes up to 15,000 nucleotides in length. The size, both of the foldback duplexes and of the intervening single-chain segments of DNA, are not random. Instead, they appear to form a regular, arithmetic series of lengths. These observations suggest that the different segments of Physarum DNA from which foldback structures are derived contain nucleotide sequences that share a highly ordered and unform pattern of structural organisation. These regular units of organisation in Physarum DNA in some cases extend over distances up to 50,000 nucleotides in length.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1975

[Today's treatment of aphasia--a travel report (author's transl)].

A visit was made to representative centres for the treatment of aphasia in five European countries and information gathered on their organisational structure. Instructional material and rehabilitation techniques were compared and a number of therapeutic methods identified. In this context it was noted that, due to a number of interesting approaches, the therapy of aphasia seems to be extensible and in many ways open to modifications.

Aphasia↗

PubMed1978

[Integration of the physically handicapped into a regular school (author's transl)].

Owing to manifold changes in the external conditions of the Freiherr-vom-Stein-Schule and the rehabilitation centre "Lichtenau" as well as the shift of emphasis in society's attitudes vis-a-vis the disabled, it seemed necessary to prepare a further report on the experiences gained with this school experiment in Hessisch-Lichtenau. A short survey of the school's personnel and facilities as well as the organisational structure of the co-operation between these two institutions is followed by a detailed description of the underlying paedagogical conception and the tasks resulting from it. Despite existing limitations and numerous difficulties it can be said that this school experiment has yielded positive results. This is evidenced by the impressive number of physically handicapped people who have left this school with a qualifying examination and are now--as far as it is known--in gainful employment. These figures and the public education efforts carried out by the rehabilitation centre have given rise to the setting up of similar facilities. The article closes with a report on a training programme developed on behalf of the Hessen Minister of Cultural Affairs, which is intended to provide all student teachers working at general schools a basic knowledge in special education.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Assembly and function of organized enzymes (author's transl)].

When different enzymes form complexes with one another they gain new capabilities of function. Tryptophan synthase is discussed as an illustrative example in which formation of the complex leads to mutual activation of the component subunits. Kinetic studies show that conformational changes play an important role in this process. As the extreme case of self-organisation, structural genes of different enzymes might have been fused in the course of evolution, giving rise to multifunctional enzymes.

Biological Evolution↗

PubMed1978

[Stimulation of nuclear membrane components and DNA biosynthesis in rat liver cells after inhibition of translation with cycloheximide].

After a drastic inhibition of protein synthesis (95%) in rat liver by cycloheximide (0.2-0.4 mg/100 g of body weight) the recovery and subsequently prolonged marked stimulation of proteins, lipids and DNA were found. The correlation of nuclear membrane proteins and lipids synthesis was observed in a recovery and stimulation phases. Nuclear DNA synthesis increases after the stimulation biosynthesis of nuclear membrane components (36-40 hours after cycloheximide injection). The changes of a phospholipid composition and structure organisation of nuclear membrane hydrophobic zones (by spin probe) were found in stimulated DNA synthesis (48-60 hours).

Animals↗

PubMed1976

[Results of tuberculosis control and development of the organization for pulmonology in Hungary (author's transl)].

The organization of tuberculosis control in Hungary is organized in 3 levels: The central level is represented in the leading Korányi-Institute, the regional level are 19 district care departments for lung diseases, and the local care departments for lung diseases, which are responsible for the practical realization of the control programme. Between the different levels exist a bilateral stream of information, which guarantees the functioning of this organisational structure. At the onset of this century, tuberculosis morbidity in Hungary was 2 to 3 times higher than in the European industrial countries. This situation has been rapidly and permanently improved until the present time. But the tuberculosis problem is not yet removed today. The development of tuberculosis control turned out in 3 periods after the second world war: 1. Up to 1950 - The basis was built up, epidemiological indices were defined and a compulsary registration was introduced; 2. 1950 to 1964 - A complex programme of tuberculosis control was elaborated; a new documentation system and new sanatoriums were erected; 3. from 1964 - Final eradication of tuberculosis among children. The objective of complete eradication of tuberculosis was established. Intensive examination and control and chemoprophylaxis are organized for high risk groups. With the repression of tuberculosis new tasks in the field of respiratory diseases will be assumed step by step.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Structural and tissue-specific organisation of endocrine Fgf19 and Fgf21 signalling in rainbow trout.

Endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGF19 subfamily) play a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis in vertebrates. However, their functional diversification in salmonids remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an integrative characterisation of Fgf19 and Fgf21 signalling in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by combining phylogenetic, structural and expression analyses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the conservation of single fgf19 and fgf21 genes, despite the extensive expansion of receptors post-Ss4R (salmonid-specific fourth-round whole genome duplication). Structural modelling and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the stable interactions of both ligands to multiple Fgfr isoforms, with receptor-specific energetic profiles and conserved core interaction residues. Tissue expression profiling revealed clear differences from mammalian models, such as predominant hepatic fgf19 expression and the absence of hepatic fgf21 under basal conditions. In addition, there were complex and tissue-dependent distributions of fgfr and klotho transcripts. These findings support a receptor-driven diversification model of endocrine Fgf signalling in salmonids, suggesting enhanced endocrine plasticity associated with the retention of receptors following post-genomic duplication. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the structural and regulatory organisation of endocrine Fgf signalling, as well as its potential role in metabolic regulation in rainbow trout.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[G. I. diagnostics; its ranking and interdisciplinary organisation (author's transl)].

The complicated and expensive diagnostic apparatus available today has to be applied in an orderly sequence. This order depends on certain prerequisites, e.g. on the disease, urgent complications, patient tolerance, apparatus potential, hospital structure and organisation etc. The more rational the indication is to use certain methods, the more efficient will be the results. The appropriate concepts and suggestions for certain general and specific examples, used by us at present are demonstrated. Complicated and expensive diagnostic procedures have to be decided primarily on an interdisciplinary level. The increased costs of these procedure are balanced by a decrease in hospital stay and fewer operative explorations too. At other places different actions will be taken for equally good reasons.

Gastrointestinal Diseases↗

PubMed2026

Characterisation of the chloroplast genome of Macrotyloma species: comparative analysis and phylogenomic insights.

Macrotyloma is an underutilised legume genus within the tribe Phaseoleae (Fabaceae) that includes nutritionally and agronomically important crops such as horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) and Kersting's groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum). Despite their importance, knowledge of the chloroplast (cp.) genome of this genus remains limited. In this study, we assembled and analysed the complete chloroplast genomes of three Macrotyloma species: M. uniflorum, M. geocarpum, and M. axillare. The chloroplast genomes were assembled into two isoforms that differ in the orientation of the small single-copy (SSC) region. Genome sizes ranged from 150,811 to 151,013 bp and exhibited the canonical quadripartite structure, comprising a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb; 26,416-26,436 bp each), a large single-copy region (LSC; 80,229-80,446 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC; 17,710-17,711 bp). Each genome encoded 110 unique genes, including 4 rRNA genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 76 protein-coding genes. All three species also possessed the ~ 50 kb inversion in the LSC region, a synapomorphy shared among a large clade within the Papilionoideae subfamily of Fabaceae. Although overall chloroplast genome structure and organisation were highly conserved among Macrotyloma species, gene-wise nucleotide diversity analysis identified seven relatively variable genes: rps18, rps15, ccsA, ndhA, ycf1, ycf4, and psaI. Phylogenomic analysis based on complete chloroplast genomes robustly resolved Macrotyloma as a monophyletic group within the Phaseolinae clade of the Papilionoideae subfamily. Within the genus, M. uniflorum and M. axillare formed a strongly supported sister pair, with M. geocarpum sister to this clade. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into chloroplast genome evolution in Macrotyloma and enhances understanding of its phylogenetic placement within Phaseoleae, offering genomic resources for future evolutionary, taxonomic, and conservation studies of this underutilised legume genus.

Genome, Chloroplast↗

PubMed1978

The effect of music on body-rocking manifested by severely mentally deficient patients in ward environments.

By controlling whether or not music was played in the wards, the effect of music on stereotyped body-rocking was assessed for twelve severely mentally deficient adults who engaged in this behaviour. There were significant differences between male and female patients. While music did not appear to affect rates, but increased the amounts, of body-rocking in both groups, the distribution of this increase was different. These results suggested that the effect of music was to increase the duration of body-rocking sequences. Once the music had been removed there was, for females, a persistence of the increased amount of body-rocking. It was hypothesised that there may be sexual dimorphism in the brain-hemisphere structures which organise rhythmic stimuli.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Limited tryptic digestion of human serum low-density lipoprotein: isolation and characterisation of the protein-deficient particle and of its apoprotein.

Limited tryptic digestion of human serum low-density (LD) lipoprotein (rho 1.024-1.045 g/ml) under defined conditions permitted isolation by gel filtration chromatography of a stable, protein-deficient lipoprotein; the liberated protein was separated as a mixture of peptides of low molecular weight (less than 5000). Comparison of the chemical, physical and immunological characteristics of the trypsin-treated LD-lipoprotein with those of the native preparation revealed several differences, including (a) a diminished protein content (loss of some 20-25% of the total protein of LD-lipoprotein) and increased proportions of the various lipid components, except for triglyceride (probably resulting from a loss of bound free fatty acids with the liberated peptides); (b) a greater heterogeneity in particle size and slightly larger mean diameter; (c) a lower hydrated density and greater peak sf rate than the native LD-lipoprotein (d) an increased net negative charge; and (e) a partial immunological identity between LD-lipoprotein and the corresponding trypsin-treated fraction. While the amino acid compositions of the protein moieties of LD-lipoprotein and of trypsin-treated LD-lipoprotein were essentially identical, trypsin-treated apo-LD-lipoprotein was distinct in its complete solubility in urea-containing buffers at high concentrations, and also in its partial solubility in buffers lacking denaturing agents. Comparison of the apoproteins of the native and trypsin-treated LD-lipoproteins by electrophoretic techniques based on molecular weight revealed a transformation of the high-molecular weight material (greater than 250 000) characteristic of apo-LD lipoprotein into several polypeptide species (10 major forms) ranging in size from 161 500 to about 10 000. The largest of these (band b1: 161 500) could be completely dissociated into smaller components (b2: 93 500 and b3: 77 000) upon extensive heat treatment at 90 degrees C. Electrophoresis of the soluble fraction of apo-LD-lipoprotein and of that from its trypsin-treated counterpart in polyacrylamide gels containing urea at basic pH showed the disappearance of the small amounts (less than 5%) of C apoproteins of apo-LD-lipoprotein upon tryptic treatment. These results, which were highly reproducible in LD-lipoprotein preparations from different individuals, suggest that trypsin-treated LD-lipoprotein may provide a model for investigation of the organisation and structural role of the prinicipal apoprotein (apolipoprotein-B) in the LD-lipoprotein molecule.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1979

[Cervical ripening in late pregnancy and at term].

Cervical ripening before labors is not an exclusively passive process by uterine contractions. On the contrary, we can find a lot of highly active processes in the cervical connective tissue with changes in metabolism of the cells leading to changes in the ground substance and the organisation and structure of collagenous fibres. We do not as yet know the trigger mechanisms of the prepartum cervical rpiening. Probably prostaglandins and relaxin are such triggering substances. At present, our new understanding of this active cervical process does not help the obstetrician. There is no laboratory test up to now. Cervical ripeness can only be examined on the basis of clinical criteria: length, consistency, position, and dilatation of the cervix uteri and station of the fetal head. The most usual score of cervical ripeness is Bishop's Pelvic-score. A high scoring excludes failures of induction of labor. But the rate of wrong prognosis, concerning efficiency of induction and time of labor is relatively high in cases with low rating of cervical ripeness. A more differentiated scoring of some of the criteria and some weighing of these seems to lead to better prognosis. On the other hand, recent clinical experiences with prostaglandins lead us to expect that we will be able to induce cervical ripeness.

Cervix Uteri↗

PubMed1979

[Theoretical and practical aspects of position and function of the outpatient department in the sectored psychiatric care system].

After discussion of the sectoring scheme, its advantages and the necessity for its realisation, important tasks of the sectored outpatient department are described. These include the mediating function of the OPD between local authorities and the whole psychiatric care system, concerns of early rehabilitation (Volovik) and psychotherapy, basic organisational and structural conditions of outpatient services, public relation activities, and continued training, co-operation with other authorities the necessary uniting of special outpatient department and psychiatric advisory centre.

Community Mental Health Services↗

PubMed1979

The fine structure of the ocelli of Schistocerca gregaria. The neural organisation of the synaptic plexus.

A study of the organisation of the locust dorsal ocellus shows that the structure is designed to provide the maximum possible effective aperture. The condenser-like cuticular lens and the dispersal of the rhabdome over a large proportion of the circumferential area of the retinula cells increases the light gathering power of the eye. The synaptic plexus of the ocellus has two major features: (i) the retinula cells are repeatedly and reciprocally connected by synapses and junctions, and (ii) there is an extensive lateral and feedback network between the receptors and interneurons. A unified structure is described for a synapse that presents differing profiles dependent upon the angle of section. A distinct morphological class of junction is described between retinula cells. The synaptic arrangements of morphologically identical retinula cells vary from cell to cell and the synaptic plexus is not organised with a high degree of spatial precision. The overall synaptic configurations are discussed in terms of the varied response characteristics of units in the ocellar nerve.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Factors influencing the enhancement of the new iron triangle in healthcare organisations.

PURPOSE: A new paradigm, "healthcare's new iron triangle," has been developed to emphasise the technological perspective of healthcare delivery, focusing on automation, value and empathy. The study aims to build a conceptual model and to identify factors for the enhancement of the new iron triangle in healthcare organisations. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The healthcare organisation is the primary focus point of the current study. To determine the factors, a survey of the literature and healthcare experts' opinions was conducted. The healthcare professionals validated the identified factors. Data for this study were gathered using a closed-ended questionnaire and scheduled interviews. The study employed "Total Interpretive Structural Modeling methodology and Matriced' Impacts Croise´s Multiplication Appliqué´ a UN Classement/Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) analysis" to address the "why" and "how" the factors interact and prioritise the identified factors. FINDINGS: The study found that organisational structure (F8), artificial intelligence (F1), innovation (F2) and human resources (F5) are the driving or key factors of the study. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The study primarily focused on identifying factors for the enhancement of a new iron triangle in healthcare organisations. The scope could eventually be expanded to explore more areas. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Academics and other stakeholders will have a better understanding of the key drivers for the enhancement of the new iron triangle in healthcare organisations. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: In this study, total interpretive structural modeling and cross-impact MICMAC analysis are proposed as an innovative approach to address the new iron triangle in healthcare organisations.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

[Endoplasmic reticulum (a review of the literature)].

Recent data on the structural and molecular organisation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are reviewed. A special attention is paid to the mechanism of soluble and integral membrane protein translocation across the ER bilayer. A model of phospholipid-coupled polypeptide translocation is introduced served to overcome hydrophobic and (or) conformational constraints during the passage of polar amino acid residues within a polar environment of the ER membrane. In addition the mechanisms of diverse covalent and noncovalent post-translocational polypeptide modifications are considered, together with the process of the sorting events among ER-resident polypeptides and those destined to leave the ER domain for the Golgi apparatus.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Recent pathogenic concepts of primary open angle glaucoma and soft glaucoma (POAG).

Loss of mainly field in POAG is due to Schnabel's cavernous atrophy of the axons at their scleral passage, built up by aligned stacks of glial collagen (IV and I) tissue plates, which contain capillaries. Organisation, size and structural surroundings encircle isolated or grouped axons not evenly distributed. The stereotype pattern of fieldloss linked to a characteristic optic nerve lesion suggests POAG be considered a N.O. disease as raised IOP may be only one of the risk factors. Are cavernous atrophy (loss of field) and the trabecular spaces narrowing (rise of IOP) both the result of the same pathogenic mechanism acting on the collagen fiber (IV and I) of the scleral coat, resp. lamina cribrosa (posterior segment) and trabecular meshwork (anterior segment)? If so, IOP-rise only worsens the condition as will do a hemodynamic energy crisis at the level of the axons. Interactive dominance at any of both levels may explain unexpected discrepancies between IOP and fieldloss. Considering "to treat or not to treat" accurate field loss predictability testing, urgent research topic, are discussed.

Anterior Chamber↗

PubMed1979

[Institutional and personnel obstacles to the realisation of co-determination by old-age home inhabitants (author's transl)].

Following the intentions of the "Heimgesetz" partizipation of the residents does not only concern a better protection of their interests, but also a change in the traditional, hierachical structure of organization of the homes for the aged. A realization of this aim is not only faced by the position of power of the management. On the one hand the law itself restricts the nature and the range of the partizipation of the residents concerning decisionmaking in the institution. On the other hand the residents' committee got too little power to carry through the interests of the residents against the interests of the institution. So a considerable change in the traditional structure of the organisation is not very likely.

Aged↗