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PubMed1986

Clinical crown length and reduction in overjet, overbite, and dental height with orthodontic treatment.

To evaluate the clinical crown length relative to fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment of excessive overjet and deep overbite and to correlate such changes to the vertical dental height, the following measurements were undertaken for 12 females and 8 males, between the ages of 16 and 20 years, on three separate occasions--2 days before banding, 2 days after debanding, and 12 months after debanding: (1) overjet, overbite and dental height measured from right lateral cephalometric x-ray films; (2) clinical crown length, measured from study models, of 400 teeth divided into four groups--maxillary incisors and canines (120 teeth), maxillary second premolars and first molars (80 teeth), mandibular incisors and canines (120 teeth) and mandibular second premolars and first molars (80 teeth); and (3) gingival condition by means of the gingival index of Löe and Silness. Fixed edgewise orthodontic appliances were used and the four first premolars were extracted. From the results of the investigation, the following conclusions were evident: after a 12-month follow-up observation period, the achieved reduction in overjet, overbite, and dental height showed relapses of 9%, 11%, and 29%, successively; only 7% of the 400 teeth examined showed reductions in clinical crown length. This change was probably the result of gingival hyperplasia. The gingival condition greatly improved by approximately 64% after 12 months of debanding, accompanied by 25% to 50% relapse in the amount of change in clinical crown length (noted 2 days after debanding); and the intrusive tooth movement during orthodontic correction of deep overbite was the result of vertical movement of the tooth, with its investing tissues and soft-tissue attachment, into the jaws.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Increased overbite and craniomandibular disorders--a clinical approach.

This study investigated the effect of a maxillary fixed lingual arch with anterior bite plane on adult patients with craniomandibular disorders (CMD) and increased overbite. The sample comprised 11 patients with an increased overbite (greater than 5 mm) and a normal or Class II molar relationship. The main CMD symptoms were daily tension headache in the region of anterior temporal muscles and/or pain or clicking in the temporomandibular joint. Previous treatment with stabilization splints, removal bite plates, or occlusal grinding had not given satisfactory results. When the maxillary lingual arch with anterior bite plane was fitted, molar separation was approximately 4 mm, and occlusal contact occurred only between the acrylic bite plane and the lower six anterior teeth. The permanent appliance could be removed only by the orthodontist. All patients reported relief of CMD symptoms 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of treatment. After a mean time of 3 months, a flatter curve of Spee, molar contact, and reduced overbite could be seen in all cases. The excessive overbite had decreased approximately 3.4 mm. Subsequent treatment involved orthodontic or prosthetic therapy to normalize and stabilize the sagittal and vertical dimensions. After an average posttreatment observation period of 2 years, all patients remained free of CMD pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Overbite and overjet characteristics of refined diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorder patients.

Overbite and overjet were studied as continuous variables to examine for any relationship to diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) compared with symptom-free controls. This avoided the bias of arbitrary definitions of normal and abnormal for these occlusal variables and also avoided the masking effect of studying symptoms rather than diagnostic entities. Incisal overbite in primary osteoarthrosis (OA) was shifted toward the minimal and open bite ranges as compared with the controls (p less than 0.02). Open bite occurred in only the two OA classes studied and in a few cases with myalgia only but was absent in the symptom-free controls. Overbite in myalgia was slightly skewed to the lower range. Deep bite was not more common in the myalgia, disk displacement (with or without reduction), or the OA groups. Increased overjet characterized OA groups, especially when there was a history of derangement (p less than 0.004), but did not characterize the other diagnostic groups. Except for open bite, overbite and overjet characteristics as isolated variables did not distinguish TMD patient groups. It is hypothesized that open bite in OA can be the result of joint changes rather than a predisposing occlusal cause.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Nonsurgical correction of skeletal deep overbite and class II division 2 malocclusion in an adult patient.

Treatment modalities for Class II Division 2 malocclusion include growth modification, dental compensation, and surgical-orthodontic therapy; which treatment is chosen depends on the patient's age and growth potential. Deep overbite can be corrected by intrusion of anterior teeth, extrusion of posterior teeth, or a combination of both. Treatment considerations include the patient's facial profile, skeletal pattern, growth potential, and severity of dental malocclusion. Here, we present the nonsurgical orthodontic treatment of an adult patient with deep overbite and underlying skeletal Class II discrepancy. He had a hypodivergent facial pattern, Class II Division 2 malocclusion, and traumatic deep overbite due to supereruption of the mandibular anterior teeth. He refused orthognathic surgery but would accept orthodontic treatment alone, with the understanding that the treatment results could be compromised. We corrected the deep overbite by proclining the mandibular incisors; this helped to level the exaggerated curve of Spee. The posttreatment occlusion was significantly improved, both functionally and esthetically, with stable interincisal contacts. However, the improvement in occlusion and esthetics was achieved at the expense of reduced periodontal support for the mandibular anterior teeth.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

The overbite and intraoral mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the overbite reduction in skeletal Angle Class II malocclusions and discuss the management of the overbite during and after intraoral distraction of the mandible, and during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cephalograms of 26 patients with an Angle Class II malocclusion and orthodontic appliances and distraction osteogenesis of the horizontal part of the mandible before (T0) and at least 1 year after treatment (T1) were evaluated. Mean age of the patients at the time of distraction was 14.6 years (range 12.8-15.9 years) and at the final registration 17.3 years (range 14.6-20.4 years). RESULTS: The overbite decreased significantly and the SpP/MP value increased significantly. The increase in the value of the Y-axis and the MP/SN angle before and after treatment was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Opening of the bite during distraction of the mandible can be expected. The use of the 'floating bone' technique did not correct the overbite permanently. The patients in whom an open bite has already been treated are not ideal for mandibular lengthening by means of distraction osteogenesis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Longitudinal cephalometric changes in incisor position, overjet, and overbite between 10 and 14 years of age.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal growth changes in the incisor position, overjet, and overbite between 10 and 14 years of age. Serial cephalometric radiographs of 63 subjects (31 boys and 32 girls) were taken at the ages of 10, 11, 12, and 14. The effects of age and gender on the incisor positions, overjet, and overbite were investigated by means of variance analysis and least square difference (LSD) tests. The results show that the measurements of overbite, upper incisor-NA (mm), lower incisor-NB (mm), upper incisor-NA (angle), and the interincisal angle were affected by age. The results also show that the measurements of overbite, upper incisor-NA (mm), upper incisor-NA (angle) and upper incisor-SN (angle) were affected by gender.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Investigation of the changes in the positions of upper and lower incisors, overjet, overbite, and irregularity index in subjects with different depths of curve of Spee.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the depth of the curve of Spee and positions of upper and lower incisors, overjet, overbite, and anterior lower crowding. The material consisted of lateral head films and dental casts of 137 untreated adolescent subjects, 76 girls and 61 boys, aged 13 to 16 years. The subjects were divided into three groups with normal Spee, flat Spee, and deep Spee and were compared with one another. Differences between the Spee groups and between sexes were assessed by means of analysis of variance and a post hoc multiple comparison test. In addition, correlation coefficients between the depth of curve of Spee and other variables were calculated. Finally, cephalometric measurements for all subjects were subjected to a multiple regression analysis, with the depth of curve of Spee as the dependent variable. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the positions of upper and lower incisors and anterior lower crowding among the Spee groups. However, overjet and overbite demonstrated significant differences among the groups. Statistically significant correlations were found between the depth of curve of Spee and overjet and overbite. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that chronological age and all other variables used in the study could account for only 28.7% of the total variance of the curve of Spee. The overbite alone explained 17.3% of the total variance of the curvature.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Impact of overbite on indicators of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Epidemiological studies have suggested that deep overbite is associated with symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). This finding was directly tested by deliberately constituted groups of deep and normal overbite subjects matched for age and sex. Eighty-one subjects participated. Dependent measures included the TMJ Scale test; measures of muscle activity in the right and left frontalis, temporalis, and masseter muscles; and pressure threshold meter readings for the same sites. The results showed no differences between deep and normal overbite subjects for all the dependent measures studied. The role of overbite alone in producing TMD symptoms is questioned.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Treatment of deep anterior overbite by using the fixed appliances in conjunction with a small bite plate].

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the effective method in the reduction of deep anterior overbite. METHODS: Twenty-nine cases of three-degree deep anterior overbite were treated by using the fixed appliances in conjunction with a small bite plate. RESULTS: It was showed that this method was significantly quicker to reduce deep overbite of anterior teeth (2.04 +/- 0.78 mm per month) and shorter to require the time of treatment (3.94 +/- 1.55 months) than that by using the single fixed appliances (P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between the adults and juveniles. These findings suggest that it was effective for both of adult and juvenile patients. CONCLUSION: As the destruction of molar tubes, wire and bracket bonding failure caused by bite were less happened, it was effective to treat complicated cases of deep overbite with a shorter occlusogingival distance, posterior cross-bite and not enough alveolar highness of posterior teeth who could be difficult to treat by a routine method.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Overbite correction and sagittal changes: late mixed-dentition treatment effects.

This study involved the assessment of pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms from 182 late mixed-dentition patients with Class I and Class II malocclusions, with or without crowding, selected before treatment commenced. It was designed specifically to determine whether antero-posterior mandibular dento-alveolar and skeletal changes occurring with growth and one particular late mixed-dentition treatment approach are influenced in any way by the required amount of incisal overbite correction to be achieved with treatment. Significantly greater forward movements were found at both point B and pogonion in non-headgear patients in whom very deep overbites had been reduced, when compared with patients with less required incisal overbite reduction. This finding would seem to have provided further quantitative evidence to support the concept of unlocking of dento-alveolar structures with early reduction of very deep incisal overbites in appropriate patients. The suggestion was therefore made that the bite-opening in such deep-bite patients should be undertaken at least as early as this late mixed-dentition stage in order to provide an improved environment for the mandibular dento-alveolus as the mandible itself moves forward with normal growth.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2002

Overbite and overjet are not related to self-report of temporomandibular disorder symptoms.

Overbite and overjet, especially high or low values, have been found in some studies to be associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study evaluates the relationship between overbite/overjet and three TMD self-report measures (pain, joint noises, limited mouth-opening). Subjects were from two population-based cross-sectional studies (3033 subjects). After adjustment for age and gender, high or low values of overbite were not associated with an increased risk of self-reported TMD pain as compared with a reference category of a normal overbite of 2 to 3 mm (-8 to -1 mm, odds ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.05-2.76; 6 to 15 mm, odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 0.68-1.72). Similar non-significant results were found for overjet and TMD pain, and for the association of overjet/overbite and joint noises or limited mouth-opening. This study provides the strongest evidence to date that there is no association between overbite or overjet and self-reported TMD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[The edge-centroid relation and overbite in Class-II.1 patients. A follow-up study].

This follow-up study evaluates lateral skull radiographs and jaw casts taken prior to treatment, at the end of treatment, and after a control period of one at a minimum of 25 orthodontically treated children, 14 males and 11 females, who had an Angle class II, 1 malocclusion and a deep overbite with the lower incisors impinging upon the palatal gingiva. The study's object of interest was the anterior-posterior relationship of the lower incisor edge to the upper incisor root centroid (i.e., the "edge-centroid relationship", Houston [7]). Its intent was to evaluate the correlation between edge-centroid relationship and an overbite relapse respectively when viewed in relation to the developments which take place in the dental and skeletal variables during the course of overbite reduction. The edge-centroid relationship was found, to present an interesting screening method in diagnosing class II, 1 cases, and, although with some reservations, the relationship is also useful in planning treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Effects of mandibular incisor extraction on anterior occlusion in adults with Class III malocclusion and reduced overbite.

The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcome and changes in mandibular incisor position after extraction of one single incisor in 36 adult orthodontic cases with combined Class III and open bite tendencies. The cases consisted of 21 female and 15 male patients with an average age of 27.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 11.1 years) at the start. Fixed 0.018-inch Edgewise appliances were used in both arches in 19 patients and in the mandibular arch in 17 patients. Average treatment time was 18 months (SD, 7.1 months). Pretreatment ANB was 0.5(o) (SD, 2.7 degrees), overjet 1.4 mm (SD, 1.9 mm), and overbite 1.5 mm (SD, 1.1 mm). The lower incisors were 3.6 mm (SD, 2.8 mm) in front of the APg-line, and the Averaged Irregularity Index was 1.1 mm (SD, 0.6 mm). Records representing pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and average 4.3 years (SD, 2.3 years) retention (T3) included cephalograms, panoramic films, intraoral and extraoral photographs, and plaster models. All cast measurements were made with digital calipers. On the cephalograms, the lower incisor tips moved posteriorly 1.7 mm (SD, 2.0 mm) and occlusally 1.5 mm (SD, 1.8 mm) from pretreatment to posttreatment. Relative to the x-axis, they tipped lingually 5.9(o) (SD, 5.6 degrees). On the cast analysis, overjet increased 1.0 mm (SD, 1.9 mm) and 1.5 mm (SD, 1.5 mm) for the maxillary central and lateral incisors, respectively, whereas overbite increased 0.6 mm for both the central and lateral incisors. The intercanine width was reduced by 3.3 mm (SD, 2.0 mm), while the intermolar width was unchanged. The Average Irregularity Index was reduced from 1.1 to 0. 2 mm. Arch-length was reduced 3.6 mm from pretreatment to posttreatment, and another 0.3 mm from posttreatment to 4.3-years retention. Other changes from posttreatment to 4.3-years retention were slight. No loss of the interdental gingival papillae was normally observed. It is concluded that the extraction of one mandibular incisor can lead to satisfactory treatment results in adults with mild Class III malocclusion and reduced overbite, particularly when coupled with a large mandibular intercanine width and minor crowding, and some mandibular tooth size excess. However, the orthodontic treatment frequently became more complicated and time-consuming than expected at the start.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Floating norms and post-treatment overbite in open bite patients.

In this study, the clinical significance of three floating norm systems, the Bergen Box (BB), the Segner-Hasund Harmonybox 1 and 2 (SHH1 and SHH2), as well as the influence of treatment modalities for predicting results of an open bite treatment were investigated. In the BB and SHH1, patients with a steep mandibular plane angle or a skeletal open bite configuration (O1mand, O1mandmax, O1max, or N1mand) were considered 'high risk', while in the SHH2, only the configurations O1mand and O1mandmax were considered high risk. All other configurations were designated 'low risk'. It was postulated that in high risk patients, the overbite was likely to relapse into an open bite after retention. Cephalograms of 83 open bite patients taken before treatment (T1) and at the end of retention (T2) were studied. Patients designated as low risk generally had a normal overbite at T2 after treatment, regardless of which box was used. The risk configurations of the SHH1 and SHH2 at T1 were significant predictors of the overbite at T2, the first being slightly better compared with the SHH2. The main clinical values of the SHH1 and SHH2 are strongly supported by the relatively good success rate in distinguishing a low-risk configuration. Reliable prediction of the treatment results of high-risk patients with risk configurations according to the SHH is improved by evaluating treatment modalities. The posterior bite splint seemed to have a bite opening effect, while a bite closing effect was associated with the use of a removable retention appliance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Incisor edge-centroid relationships and overbite depth.

Interincisor angulation is commonly held to be a critical factor in determining overbite depth, where there is incisor contact. In this study significant correlations between these variables were found in Class II, division 2 malocclusions although interincisor angle explained less than a third of the variance in overbite depth. It was found that the anteroposterior relationship of the lower incisor edge to the upper incisor root centroid is more strongly related to overbite depth and it is suggested that this is a useful factor to take into account in planning treatment in Class II cases.

Dental Occlusion, Centric↗

PubMed1989

Overbite and overjet correction in a Class II, division 1 sample treated with Edgewise therapy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of overjet and overbite correction in non-extraction and extraction therapy in a sample of Class II malocclusions treated with the Edgewise appliance. The subjects were 20 children treated without extraction and 20 children treated with extraction of the four first premolars. During the post-treatment period a relapse of overjet and overbite occurred in both groups. However, there was a beneficial net effect of overjet and overbite correction in both groups with no significant difference between the two groups. The study showed that mandibular intercanine width, space conditions in the lower jaw and mandibular incisor position were important factors in treatment planning.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

The relationship between dental overbite and eustachian tube dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between deep dental overbite and eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology outpatient clinic at the Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. PATIENTS: 105 patients between the ages of 2 and 6 years. STUDY MEASUREMENTS: Dental overbite, overjet, and occlusal relationships were measured by an observer who was unaware of ETD status. ETD was defined as having ventilation tubes in place or having the recommendation for ventilation tube placement by an attending pediatric otolaryngologist. In addition, demographic information and medical and social histories were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: In a multivariate logistic regression model, children with deep bites were 2.8 times more likely to have ETD than those without deep bites (P = .03). Other independent risk factors for ETD identified in this model were family history of otitis media (OM) and age less than 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Children with deep dental overbites are at a significantly increased risk for developing ETD.

Child↗

PubMed2002

Traumatic overbite: a restorative solution.

Deep overbite is frequently seen in the adult dentition. Although the condition is usually asymptomatic, certain factors may lead to the development of deep traumatic overbite, and in partially dentate patients loss of posterior occlusal support may be a contributory factor. Several treatment modalities, including orthodontics, orthognathic surgery and prosthodontics have been used but, as some adult patients with this problem are unwilling to avail themselves of treatment involving either orthodontics or orthognathic surgery, a restorative approach using a combination of fixed and removable restorations may provide a satisfactory solution. This paper details a case report on the restorative management of a partially dentate adult patient with a deep traumatic overbite.

Adult↗