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PubMed2002

Activated parthenium carbon as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes and heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.

Parthenium hysterophorous (L) is a perennial weed distributed all over the country. Carbonized parthenium activated with conc. H2SO4 and ammonium persulphate was effective in the removal of dyes, heavy metals and phenols. Variation in the percentage removal of adsorbates was observed with increase in the contact time. Among the adsorbates tested, the affinity of the activated parthenium carbon was highest for Hg2+, Methylene Blue and Malachite Green.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1998

Azathioprine in the treatment of Parthenium dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Parthenium dermatitis is a chronic disorder whose management is extremely difficult. Allergen avoidance is almost impossible, topical corticosteroid therapy provides only partial relief, and prolonged systemic corticosteroid therapy has unacceptable side-effects. METHODS: Twenty patients with chronic Parthenium dermatitis, with relative contraindications to systemic corticosteroids or their side-effects, were treated with oral azathioprine (100-150 mg daily). The severity of dermatitis was assessed at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months using a modified PASI scoring system. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 54 years (range, 40-72 years) and the mean duration of dermatitis was 7.6 years (range, 3 months to 36 years). The mean initial score was 18.9 (range, 3.3-42), which decreased to 8.8 (range, 1.6-18.2) at 3 months, 4.8 (range, 0.6-14.6) at 6 months, and 0.7 (range, 0.2-1.4) at 12 months. Of the 15 patients evaluated at 6 months, all but one showed a response. Ten (66.6%) patients showed near-total clearance, i.e. reduction in score by more than 90%, and three patients (20%) showed more than 50% reduction in score. No significant side-effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Azathioprine is an effective and safe alternative to corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of chronic Parthenium dermatitis. It is especially useful in patients with side-effects or contraindications to corticosteroid therapy.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parthenium dermatitis: is it a systemic contact dermatitis or an airborne contact dermatitis?

We describe here a Parthenium hysterophorus patch-test-positive patient with widespread dermatitis of non-airborne contact dermatitis pattern, improving while staying in Shimla (a parthenium-free area) and rapidly worsening while visiting his native place, where there was exuberant parthenium growth. After recovery, inhalation of fresh plant material from a polythene bag resulted in exacerbation of dermatitis and pruritus within 8-10 hr, without any respiratory symptoms. The possible pathomechanism of such a phenomenon is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Reaginic allergy to Parthenium pollen: evaluation by skin test and RAST.

The pollen of Parthenium hysterophorus, an alien weed growing wild in India was found to be a potential source of allergic rhinitis. A clinical survey showed that 34% of the patients suffering from rhinitis and 12% suffering from bronchial asthma gave positive skin-prick test reactions to Parthenium pollen antigen extracts. Parthenium-specific IgE was detected in the sera of sixteen out of twenty-four patients suffering from seasonal rhinitis. There was 66% correlation between skin test and RAST.

Asthma↗

PubMed2001

Effectiveness of introduced biocontrol insects on the weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in Australia.

Six species of insects and a rust fungus have been successfully established for biocontrol of the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Queensland, Australia. Effectiveness of biocontrol insects was evaluated at two properties in Queensland during 1996-97 based on an exclusion experiment using insecticides. Parthenium-infested plots with and without biocontrol insects were sampled at monthly intervals and the impact of biocontrol insects on parthenium at individual plant and whole population levels monitored. Biocontrol insects were more effective at Mt Panorama (central Queensland) than at Plain Creek (north Queensland). At Mt Panorama, the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister caused 96% defoliation and the stem-galling moth Epiblema strenuana Walker affected 100% of the plants, resulting in reductions of 90% in weed density, 40% in plant height, and 82% in flower production. Exclusion of biocontrol insects resulted in a 52% increase in seedling emergence and a seven-fold increase in the soil seed bank in the following season. At Plain Creek, E. strenuana was the only prominent agent. It affected 92% of the plants and prevented 32% of plants from producing any flowers, reduced plant height by 40% and flower production by 49%, but did not reduce the plant biomass, weed density or soil seed bank. However, exclusion of biocontrol insects resulted in an eight-fold increase in the soil seed bank in the following season.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical diagnostic assay of allergic patients with pollen extract from Parthenium hysterophorous L].

AIMS: There are no antecedents in Cuba of studies developed to prove the efficacy of on allergy test to pollen Parthenium hysterophorus L. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the allergenic extract pollen Parthenium hysterophorus L elaborated at the reference hospital William Soler City Havana. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We selected 100 patients with a positive clinic history of inhalant allergy and 100 healthy person. All the persons selected were skin prick tested with dillution's of the extract (1:100 and 1:1000 P/V) and positive and negative control. We measured the average diameter of the wheal and the perpendicular diameter, then we calculated the average. We also calculated size of the wheal in the duplicated, which constituted the size of the reaction. We estimated the validity of the test calculating the sensibility and specificity. We used the EPITABLE program to do this. RESULTS: The skin prick tested positive in 79% of the patients and 9% in the healthy persons, for a sensitivity of 79% the interval of confidence (IC), 69.5, 86.2 and specificity of 91%, IC 83.2, 95.5, the predictive positive value 89.8% IC 81.04, 94.9 and the predictive negative value 81.3%, IC 72.5, 87.8. CONCLUSIONS: The allergenic extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L in very sharp to test the allergy to his pollen produced by the allergology laboratory of Hospital William Soler, is efficacy by diagnostic of the alterations caused by this pollen.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

[Parthenium hysterophorus allergy. A weed problem in India (author's transl)].

Parthenium allergy is caused by direct and indirect contact with Parthenium hysterophorus L. of the Compositae family, accidentally introduced into India from the USA 20 years ago. Its distribution was supported by the optimal environmental conditions of this country. It causes severe contact dermatitis in a lot of people, which becomes chronic after longer exposition. The source of the epidemic are the strong sensitizing sesquiterpene lactones parthenin, ambrosin and others, which are highly concentrated in the trichomes of the plant. During the dry season in India the mature plants crumble to a fine dust, that is scattered by the wind and becomes disseminated throughout the countryside. Permanent contact with this dust is the source of this socalled "airborne contact dermatitis". About 12 deaths occurred in severely affected persons due to intercurrent infection. Control of Parthenium hysterophorus is possible with Ansar-529, a weed-killer containing arsenic. Recently the weed has been introduced into Central-Australia too.

Arsenicals↗

PubMed2007

Parthenium hysterophorus induced changes in neurotransmitter levels in mouse brain.

Parthenium hysterophorus (10 mg/0.1 ml/kg body weight) was administered daily to 20 adult male mice and levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and dopamine in total brain were quantified on days 31 and 61 after administration. All neurotransmitter levels were decreased significantly, with the effects more prominent in the later part of the experiment. The results suggest that Parthenium hysterophorus interferes in the functioning of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis by impairing the biogenic amine levels which may in turn affect the physiology of the peripheral endocrine glands.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

The efficacy and safety of Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) in migraine prophylaxis--a double-blind, multicentre, randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study.

Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew), is a well-known herb for the prophylactic treatment of migraine. The primary objective was to show a dose-response of a new stable extract (MIG-99) reproducibly manufactured with supercritical CO2 from feverfew (T. parthenium). Furthermore, the study should provide data on the safety and tolerability of MIG-99. In a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, controlled trial with an adaptive design, the clinical efficacy and safety of three dosages of MIG-99 (2.08 mg; 6.25 mg; 18.75 mg t.i.d.) were compared with placebo. The patients (n = 147) suffered from migraine with and without aura according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria and were treated with one of the study medications for 12 weeks after a 4-week baseline period. The primary efficacy parameter was the number of migraine attacks during the last 28 days of the treatment period compared with baseline. Secondary endpoints were total and average duration and intensity of migraine attacks, mean duration of the single attack, number of days with accompanying migraine symptoms, number of days with inability to work due to migraine as well as type and amount of additionally taken medications for the treatment of migraine attacks. The design of the study included a pre-planned adaptive interim analysis for patients with at least four migraine attacks within the baseline period. With respect to the primary and secondary efficacy parameter, a statistically significant difference was not found between the overall and the confirmatory intention-to-treat (ITT) sample in the exploratorily analysed four treatment groups. The frequency of migraine attacks for the predefined confirmatory subgroup of patients (n = 49) with at least four migraine attacks during the baseline period decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P = 0.001). The highest absolute change of migraine attacks was observed under treatment with 6.25 mg t.i.d. (mean +/- SD = -1.8 +/- 1.5 per 28 days) compared with placebo (-0.3 +/- 1.9; P = 0.02). Overall, 52 of 147 (35%) patients reported at least one adverse event (AE). The incidence of AEs in the active treatment groups was similar to that in the placebo group, and no dose-related effect was observed in any safety parameter. MIG-99 failed to show a significant migraine prophylactic effect in general. Accordingly, in the ITT analysis a dose-response relationship could not be observed. MIG-99 was shown to be effective only in a small predefined subgroup of patients with at least four attacks during the 28-day baseline period where the most favourable benefit-risk ratio was observed with a dosage of three capsules of 6.25 mg MIG-99 extract per day. Because of the low number of patients, these findings need to be verified in a larger sample. The incidence of AEs was similar for all treatment groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Parthenolide content and bioactivity of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.). Estimation of commercial and authenticated feverfew products.

Three physicochemical methods (HPLC, NMR spectroscopy, and HPLC of a derivative) have been used to measure parthenolide in authenticated Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) and in several commercial purported feverfew products. A bioassay based on inhibition of the secretory activity of blood platelets by extracts of feverfew in comparison with parthenolide was also used. Similar results were obtained for all three physicochemical assays and also for the bioassay. Thus different methodologies yield consistent values for parthenolide content of feverfew preparations. Parthenolide appears to be mainly responsible for the antisecretory effects of extracts of feverfew. Authenticated Tanacetum parthenium grown in the UK contained a high level of parthenolide in leaves, flowering tops and seeds but a low level in stalks and roots. The level of parthenolide in powdered leaf material fell during storage. The purported feverfew products varied widely in their parthenolide content and in some products parthenolide was not detected. Possible reasons for the variation in parthenolide content are discussed. Since therapeutic efficacy has only been demonstrated for preparations of feverfew that contain parthenolide, it is suggested that manufacturers of feverfew products should use measurements of parthenolide as a means of standardization and quality control.

Capsules↗

PubMed1997

Pharmacological activity of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.): assessment by inhibition of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence in-vitro.

The bioactivity of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) leaf extracts has been analysed, by use of a human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) bioassay, to assess the relative contributions of solvent extraction and parthenolide content to the biological potency of the extract. Extracts prepared in acetone-ethanol (system 1) contained significantly more parthenolide (mean +/- s.d. 1.3 +/- 0.2% dry leaf weight) than extracts in chloroform-PBS (phosphate-buffered saline; system 2; 0.1 +/- 0.04% dry leaf weight) or PBS alone (system 3; 0.5 +/- 0.1% dry leaf weight). Extract bioactivity, measured as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced, 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (luminol)-enhanced PMNL, chemiluminescence, followed a similar trend. Extracts inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced oxidative burst by amounts which, if solely attributable to parthenolide, indicated parthenolide concentrations for the respective solvent systems of 2.2 +/- 0.6%, 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.9 +/- 0.1% dry leaf weight. The mean ratio of parthenolide concentration to the parthenolide equivalent/PMNL-bioactivity value, for acetone-ethanol and PBS extracts were both 1:1.7. Parthenolide, although a key determinant of biological activity for T. parthenium leaf extracts based on the PMNL-bioassay, seems not to be the sole pharmacologically-active constituent. The identical and elevated bioactivity-parthenolide ratios for both organic and aqueons-phase leaf extracts suggest that a proportion of the other bioactive compounds have solubilities similar to that of parthenolide.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1998

Exposure to Parthenium hysterophorous pollen extract leads to bronchospasm in stable patients of bronchial asthma.

Role of Parthenium hysterophorous as an allergen evoking bronchial hyper-responsiveness was assessed in twenty five adult patients with stable asthma and ten healthy controls. Assessment was made with the help of skin prick and bronchial provocation tests (BPT) using a commercially available Pathenium extract. Eleven patients (44%) of the study group had a positive skin reaction and 4 (16%) showed a significant fall in FEV1 and PEFR (p < 0.05) on bronchial provocation. In the control group only one patient (10%) had a positive skin test while there was none with a positive bronchial challenge. There was a significant fall in the mean values of FEV1 and PEFR over base line after the BPT in patients of asthma than controls. It is concluded that a significant proportion of bronchial asthma patients are sensitized to Parthenium hysterophorous and it may act as a cofactor in seasonal exacerbation of their symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Occupational contact allergy to feverfew Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.; Asteraceae].

Allergic Contact Dermatitis due to Feverfew Tanacetum parathenium, Asteraceae. After breeding and selling a new ornamental form of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz-Bip. = Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh.), sold the flower markets under the misleading name, "chamomile", a 40 year old female florist developed after a half year handling recurrent dermatitis of the face, neck, hands and forearms. Epicutaneous tests revealed positive reactions to 10 species of the Compositae family, including chrysanthemums, aster Gaillardia. Arnica and truc chamomile. However, the strongests results were seen with petals and leaves of feverfew. Renewed strong reactions to parthenolid, the main sesquiterpene lactonic constitutent of European feverfew demonstrated that this compound was the responsible contact allergen. The sensitizing capacity of parthenolid has been shown in previous investigations in guina pigs. Furthermore, cross-reactionsto parthenolid were frequently observed in chrysanthemum sensitive persons. Mexican samples of feverfew contain the eudesmanolid santamarin and traces of other sesquiterpene lactones, but parthenolid is lacking. Further studies are needed to clarify the sensitizing potency of this related compound.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Adsorption studies on Parthenium hysterophorous weed: removal and recovery of Cd(II) from wastewater.

The efficiency of parthenium weed as an adsorbent for removing Cd(II) from water has been studied. Parthenium is found to exhibit substantial adsorption capacity over a wide range of initial Cd(II) ions concentration. Effect of time, temperature, pH and concentration on the adsorption of Cd(II) was investigated by batch process. Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order models were evaluated. The kinetics data for the adsorption process obeyed second-order rate equation. The equilibrium data could be described well by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters such as DeltaH degrees , DeltaS degrees and DeltaG degrees were calculated. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous. The maximum adsorption of Cd(II) ions (99.7%) in the pH range 3-4 indicated that material could be effectively utilized for the removal of Cd(II) ions from wastewater. The desorption studies showed 82% recovery of Cd(II) when 0.1 M HCl solution was used as effluent.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1984

Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate cis-1,4-Polyisoprenyl Transferase from Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray).

Electron micrographs of the mesophyll cells of guayule Parthenium argentatum Gray leaves show deposits of cis-polyisoprene (rubber) in the cytoplasm in the vicinity of mitochondria and chloroplasts and demonstrate that the rubber-synthesizing enzymes are present in guayule leaves. The terminal step in the synthesis of cis-polyisoprene from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) catalyzed by isopentenyl pyrophosphate cis-1,4-polyisoprenyl transferase has been demonstrated in crude leaf extracts by the enzymic incorporation of [(14)C]isopentenyl pyrophosphate into the polymer and the recovery of [(14)C]levulinic acid following ozonolysis. The rubber transferase activity in the crude extracts of guayule leaves was 5.8 nanomoles isopentenyl pyrophosphate incorporated per milligram protein per hour. This is the first description of the rubber transferase from a nonlaticiferous plant.The specific activity (in units of nanomoles IPP converted per milligram protein per hour) of the partially purified enzyme following chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose columns was 41.7 units and contained 0.29 units of IPP isomerase activity and 0.08 units of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity. The rubber transferase requires reduced glutathione and Mg(2+) for maximal activity. There was no incorporation of IPP into cis-1,4-polyisoprene in the absence of rubber particles as primer, and Langmuir isotherm plots showed that the specific activity of the enzyme was proportional to the concentration of the enzyme on the surface of the rubber particles. For a given rubber particle distribution, enzyme activity was proportional to time, IPP concentration, and rubber concentration. The addition of 0.4 millimolar dimethylallyl pyrophosphate to the rubber transferase reaction resulted in a 2-fold increase in the incorporation of IPP into rubber. A comparison was made of the relative activities of rubber transferase in different species of Parthenium, Ficus, and Euphorbia.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1995

Immunochemical characterization of rapid and slowly released allergens from the pollen of Parthenium hysterophorus.

Allergens from the pollen of Parthenium hysterophorus (American feverfew), responsible for high incidence of allergic rhinitis, were found by immunoprint analysis to be localized on the surface of the pollen grains. The allergens were released very rapidly when extracted in vitro. The allergenic activity of the rapid (10 s) and slowly (20 h) released pollen proteins was comparable by in vivo skin test and ELISA inhibition assay. The isoelectric focusing patterns of the rapid and slowly released proteins were also identical. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis revealed that all the major pollen allergens with molecular weight 14, 28, 31, 37 and 45 kDa were eluted within 10 s of extraction. Periodate-Schiff staining showed that the 28, 31 and 45 kDa components of the pollen extract are glycoproteins. The pollen allergens released after different periods of extraction lost 75% of IgE binding activity when subjected to in situ sodium m-periodate oxidation under controlled conditions, while 80% of the allergenic activity was still retained after extensive proteolysis. Our results support the clinical observation of a rapid onset of symptoms of allergic rhinitis in patients sensitive to Parthenium pollen, mediated predominantly by glycoproteins.

Allergens↗

PubMed1981

Atmospheric survey of pollen of Parthenium hysterophorus.

An aerobiological survey to study the incidence and concentration of the pollen of Parthenium hysterophorus was conducted in Bangalore, India for a period of one year. This study indicated that Parthenium pollen was present in the atmosphere in significant amounts eigher as single pollen grains or in the form of clumps during the months of June to August.

Atmosphere↗

PubMed1993

"Parthenium dermatitis: an unsuspected allergy".

Congress grass (Parthenium hysterophorus) is a common weed growing wild in the urban and semiurban environs of North India. Cases of eczematous dermatitis caused by it generally escape clinical detection and are consequently wrongly diagnosed. An interesting case of Parthenium dermatitis treated with a high-dose course of desensitisation is presented to underscore the probability of the entity in obscure cases of contact dermatitis and eczema.

Dermatitis↗