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Results for “POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Mechanisms of reflex cardiac arrest in tetraplegic patients.

Four patients with physiologically complete high cervical spinal-cord lesions, sustained within the previous 6 weeks, were observed. All needed intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. In the stage of spinal shock, stimuli to the trachea induced bradycardia, and in two patients cardiac arrest resulted. The bradycardia occurred when the patients were hypoxic, and seemed to be due to a vaso-vagal reflex. Normally this reflex is opposed by sympathetic activity, and during hypoxia by increased pulmonary (inflation) vagal reflex activity due to increased breathing. In these patients, however, compensatory sympathetic activity was prevented by the cervical cord lesion, and increased pulmonary vagal reflex activity by the fact that the breathing was artificial and therefore did not increase with hypoxia. Treatment in emergency includes the administration of atropine. Adequate oxygenation and, if this cannot be achieved, maintenance atropin should prevent the bradycardia and cardiac arrest associated with stimulation of the trachea in artificially ventilated tetraplegic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Septic shock.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Stomach as source of bacteria colonising respiratory tract during artificial ventilation.

10 adults had intermittent positive-pressure ventilation for 3--34 days. All 10 had paralytic ileus. Microbial overgrowth in the stomach was found in 9 patients (bacterial in 7 and fungal in 2); gram-negative bacteria predominated. The trachea invariably became colonised by bacteria, mainly gram-negative organisms. In 3 instances the gram-negative bacteria were found in the stomach before they appeared in the tracheal aspirate, and in 1 case the pathogen originated in the faeces.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Haemodynamics of cardiac tamponade during various modes of ventilation.

Cardiac output and pleural, pericardial, arterial and cardiac pressures were measured in baboons during different modes of ventilation in the presence of acute cardiac tamponade. Fluctuations in pleural pressure during intermittent positive pressure ventilation were transmitted to the pericardial fluid. Cardiac output and transmural right ventricular end-diastolic pressure were significantly greater during spontaneous ventilation than during intermittent positive pressure ventilation with or without positive end-expiratory pressure. It is recommended that a patient undergoing surgery for cardiac tamponade be allowed to breathe spontaneously until the chest is opened and the pericardium incised.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of the Starling resistor concept to the lungs during CPPV.

The application of the Starling resistor concept of the lungs during continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) was evaluated. Ventilation and hemodynamics were studied in eight anesthetized and paralyzed dogs before and during the use of CPPV. CPPV resulted in an increase in transpulmonary pressure and functional residual capacity (FRC), and a decrease in arterial pH and mixed venous oxygen tension (PvO2). Cardica index decreased 32% (p less than 0.01) and stroke volume 51% (p less than 0.01). Neither right nor left transmural pressures changed but pulmonary vascular resistance increased 189% (p less than 0.01). This study supports the concept that the pulmonary vasculature behaves as a Starling resistor during the use of CPPV. The increase in pulmonary vascular resistance must be considered when transpulmonary pressure is raised by CPPV.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The fibrinolysin system and its relationship to disease in the newborn.

The fibrinolysin system is incomplete in newborn infants. Lack of serum plasminogen in premature newborn has an important role in the pathophysiology of the respiratory distress syndrome since alveolar fibrin deposits cannot be eliminated. Urokinase activated human plasmin has increased the survival rate of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Plasminogen given I.V. at birth has reduced the incidence and the severity of respiratory distress syndrome, in a randomized double-blind study of 500 premature infants. Death in the plasminogen recipient group occurred only among infants born to mothers with bleeding complications of pregnancy. Plasmin inhibitors measured with a functional assay were the highest in this group of infants, serum plasminogen was the lowest; when activator and purified human plasminogen were added to the serum, fibrinolytic activity was elicited in excess of the plasminogen added. It is suggested that plasminogen and/or plasmin inhibitors may be abnormal fetal variants in infants born to mothers with bleeding complications.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Continuous positive airway pressure breathing (CPAP). Apparatus for use in neonates or adults.

CPAP is a technique of respiratory care which was originally described in the management of the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and later in the post operative management of the cardiac infant following surgery. It has potential value in the respiratory management of older children and adults. Apparatus is described suitable for the application of continuous airway pressure during spontaneous ventilation via endotracheal tube in either neonates or adults. The inspired oxygen content is adjustable and the fresh gas warmed and humidified. High and low pressure alarms are not considered necessary. A head-harness is described for the application of CPAP in neonates via twin nasal or nasopharyngeal tubes. This equipment may be obtained from Messrs. Lusterlite Products Limited, 56 Devon Road, Leeds 2.

Adult↗