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PubMed1986

Psychosomatic diseases and the Rorschach test.

Despite numerous efforts to identify a Rorschach profile uniquely associated with and helpful in diagnosing psychosomatic conditions, none has been demonstrated to exist. Although certain Rorschach characteristics have been consistently observed in studies of patients with psychosomatic diseases and can shed light on personality features of these individuals, similar characteristics are encountered in a variety of other conditions as well. This state of affairs is attributable not to short-comings in the Rorschach test, but rather to inadequate conceptualization and categorization of psychosomatic disease.

Fantasy↗
PubMed1990

[A systematic approach to the prediction of psychosomatic disease].

This paper is an introduction to the "philosophy" adopted in research on the influence of mental factors in the onset of psychosomatic diseases. The research is oriented to the construction and implementation on a computer of a model that makes it possible to formulate predictions regarding the onset and possibly the classification of the "type" of psychosomatic disease so as to be able to activate an appropriate prophylaxis.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Psychological factors in psychosomatic diseases: an outline of research results.

This article presents an outline of 13 research studies which were carried out in the 1980s at the Clinical Psychology Division of the Psychology Department at the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana. The studies concentrated on various psychosomatic diseases and dysfunctions by applying 26 psychodiagnostic instruments. The problems, the usefulness of the instruments, and basic characteristics of diseases were analyzed, and a model for further research into psychological factors in psychosomatic diseases was proposed. We are of the opinion that the fundamental dimensions of personality--aggressiveness and ways of coping with stress within a specific life style and supported by information from life history--deserve special attention. Therefore, we suggest that a set of basic psychodiagnostic instruments be compiled. We also suggest that particularly general practitioners be acquainted with these factors involved in psychosomatic dysfunctions, because they most often confront problems of this kind. We believe that somatic therapy is doubtless necessary, but insufficient, because a patient is not treated as a whole, which is imperative in psychosomatics. This is a sphere where medicine and psychology will meet more regularly in the future.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Fasting therapy for psychosomatic diseases with special reference to its indication and therapeutic mechanism.

It has been well known that the fasting therapy which was invented in Medical School of Tohoku University reveals an excellent effect upon various kinds of psychosomatic diseases, but its therapeutic mechanism and suitable indication are not yet explained completely. In order to corroborate these problems, this study was undertaken on 262 cases of psychosomatic diseases in the field of internal medicine. It is a complete fasting for 10 days with nothing by mouth except for drinking water, and 500 ml of parenteral fluid containing vitamins are administered intravenously every day. Absolute bed rest and self meditation are required in a closed individual room, and patients are not allowed to meet anyone but physicians and nurse in charge. The return to normal ordinary diet follows the order of fluid diet, soft diet and semiordinary diet during 5 days. In the period of the therapy, various clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out. Significance of these examinations consists in prediction of possible danger during the fasting period and elucidation of its therapeutic mechanism. Consequently, an outstanding efficacy rate of 87% with excellent prognosis was attained, and the following diseases were determined as suitable indication of this therapy; irritable colon, dysorexia nervosa, borderline hypertension, neurocirculatory asthenia, bronchial asthma, mild diabetes mellitus, obesity, lumbago without organic findings, conversion hysteria, various neurosis with somatic symptoms and masked depression. Possible mechanism of action of the therapy is that fasting acts as an extreme stress on the function of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, then it regulates the function of whole body including the brain, also it acts as one of the behaviour therapy for abnormal conditioning.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

[Psychosomatic diseases in urology].

As in other medical fields there also exist psychosomatic diseases in urology which appear in the form of functional disturbances. Besides alterations of the diuresis, mainly an irritable bladder, symptoms of enuresis, urinary retention and additionally symptoms of chronic prostatitis and disturbances of sexual potency. In order to explore the psychic etiology usually a psychiatric examination is necessary with the aim to start adequate treatment.

Anuria↗
PubMed1981

[On the somatization of symptom in psychosomatic disease : consideration of Rorschach score (author's transl)].

This study examined the somatization in psychosomatic disease by the Rorschach technique. The Rorschach test was administered to the psychosomatic, the neurotic, and the psychosomatic with mental complaints. Subjects were further classified into pain, functional, and organic disorder groups. The psychosomatic and the neurotic showed a better control of the ego on the Rorschach scores, but the difference in several variables were recognized between the two. In three subcategory groups, scores showed the correspondence between the developmental ego stage and the somatization, and the organics were found to be the typical group of PSD. From three findings, it is suggested that the somatization is caused by the splitting mechanism between inner emotion and an adjustment to the outer world, and can be explained as kind of defense mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The assessment of the mental health of children with psychosomatic diseases].

The mental health of children and adolescents who suffered from gastrointestinal diseases due to psychosomatic causes (duodenal ulcer, chronic gastroduodenitis) was examined. Those with the diseases are a group at risk for nervous and mental disorders, and impaired psychophysical adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

[Algorithm of life quality evaluation for patients with psychosomatic diseases].

AIM: To elaborate the algorithm for evaluation of quality of life (QL) in patients with psychosomatic diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: AMPI, Spilberger-Khanin anxiety test, the procedures 'general state, activity, mood" and "personality differential". RESULTS: The algorithm of QL evaluation comprises a questionnaire consisting of 48 questions divided into 3 blocks. Quality of the somatic state was assessed by restrictions in exercise, self-care, everyday activity. A psychological component of QL was determined by the presence of depression, anxiety, emotional effects on everyday and professional activity; the social component--by relations in office, family, medical personal. The procedure was standardized, so QL should be considered as high at 97-144 points, good 87-96, satisfactory 44-86, unsatisfactory results were at 26-43 points, poor--at 0-25 points. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique of QL of psychosomatic patients proved its validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be recommended for design of psychosocial and medical rehabilitative measures as well as for assessment of efficacy of these measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Presentation and initial results of an expanded diagnostic key for psychosomatic diseases in ICD-9 and ICD-10].

In 1986, an extended diagnostical classification of psychophysiologic disorders (psychosomatic diseases, ICD-9: 316) was developed at the Medical University of Lübeck. The extension consisted of 3 additional code numbers, in which the attached organic system, the kind of the psychological symptoms and the kind of the underlying psychological disturbance could roughly be categorised. The experiences with this additional code numbers on 789 patients are reported. The results show that the additional code numbers are very practical and that they provide important therapeutical information. It is suggested, that in ICD-10 a differentiated classification of psychophysiologic disorders should be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Difficulties and pitfalls in the approach to psychosomatic diseases].

The specific particularities, difficulties and, in some instances, pitfalls which are attendant to the approach of "psychosomatic" patients may be a source of therapeutic satisfactions for the practitioner but also of feelings of uneasiness or helplessness. The existence of a psychosomatic relationship, i.e. of evidence which connects, at least in part, a somatic disorder to the psychological context in which it occurs, and the characteristics of the psychosomatic mechanism, i.e. of the various modalities through which psychological distress is converted into physical suffering (physical behaviour and attitudes, conversion hysteria, functional disorders, so-called psychosomatic diseases) are the two questions to be addressed as soon as diagnosis is considered. The difficulties and pitfalls are mostly met during management; the role of the physical practitioner is underscored; some utilizations of psychotropic agents as well as some of the physicians' attitudes and phrases are discussed; the value of methods involving the body (relaxation, etc.) is recalled.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Denial and coronary disease. A reconsideration of the denial mechanism in psychosomatic diseases and particularly in coronary disease].

Recent research has shown that patients with life-threatening illnesses have improved chances of survival and enhanced abilities to manage situational anxiety and depression if, instead of recognizing the seriousness of their illness, they employ the psychological defense mechanism of denial. Denial as a coping style provides indeed marked benefits for the patient, at least during acute hospital recovery, but seems to be possibly maladaptative in the long run after hospital discharge. The present study is an attempts to review the different findings related to the use of denial by the coronary patient. The concept and its use are re-examined from the very different standpoints of the patient, the cardiologist and the psychologist, in a psychodynamic, a systemic and a psychosomatic perspective. Even if clinically meaningful, denial is also revisited through both the ethical and the epistemological approaches.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Cancer--a psychosomatic disease?].

Taking psychoanalytical aspects of psychologically caused symptoms into consideration it is discussed, whether in a narrower sense human cancer can be regarded as a psychosomatic disease or not. Research results in molecular biology including genetics are taken into account. It is held that psychogenesis as a primary cause explains only a minor part of the incidence rate of human cancer. Psychological--or neurotic--influences on the course of the disease are regarded as relatively well proved, but not as specific to cancer. Against hasty psychological explanations of cancer should be warned.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Institutionalism and "psychosomatic" diseases.

In a review of 324 long stay psychiatric patients, 37 per cent of them were found to suffer also from physical disorders. A little over half of them (18% of the total) suffered from "psychosomatic" disorder. While in the total populations 38.5 per cent of the patients were free from institutionalism, in the "psychosomatic" patients the percentage was only 25.8 per cent (p less than 0.05). It is possible that "psychosomatic" diseases are a biological inferiority predisposing to institutionalism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Is chronic recurrent urticaria a psychosomatic disease?].

A random group of 37 patients with chronic recurrent urticaria, 26 female and 11 male, was subjected to multidimensional personality tests (Freiburg personality inventory, FPI, Freiburg aggression test, FAF) whereas, deviating from establishing standards, introversion, nervousness, psychosomatic disturbance were more pronounced in the urticaria group, the following traits in deviation from normal standards were not noted: depression, irritability, sociability, emotional instability, composure. Nevertheless, this group appeared to be less communicative, more inhibited, compliant, and less dominant and aggressive. Neither did they show signs of socially accepted expression of negative and annoyed emotions nor socially desirable signs of assertiveness. A high rate of coincidence with other psychosomatic disorders such as frequent headache (18/37), chronic gastritis (19 of 37) and ulcus duodeni (5 of 37) and migraineous headache (6 of 37) was also found in this group. In all cases explorable latent conflictive situations (frequent ambivalence) and negative childhood experience are further indicative of psychosomatic diseases.

Adult↗