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PubMed1996

Time-limited group psychotherapy.

The presence of a time limit shapes the entire therapeutic process and culminates in the management of termination. This paper outlines a protocol for dealing with termination in time-limited psychotherapy groups: (1) Select suitable members with similar capacity to use a time-limited format; (2) use a closed group format; (3) clarify the time boundaries at the beginning; (4) reinforce the time frame during the last half of the group; (5) provide focused interventions; (6) forestall premature termination; (7) reinforce termination themes of deprivation, resentment and anger, rejection, grief and loss, responsibility for self; (8) structure the final session; and (9) plan a 4-month follow-up visit to encourage ongoing application. These guidelines provide the therapist with a general structure to ensure that major termination themes are systematically addressed. They deal with powerful concepts of maturation and self-responsibility and incorporate the principal strategies that distinguish time-limited from time-unlimited group psychotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Denigration of a victim in group psychotherapy by violent vs seductive sex offenders.

Two psychotherapy groups were set up in a prison treatment program, one for violent sex offenders, the other for sex offenders who were less violent and primarily used seduction to obtain sex. Most of the patients were child molesters. Observations showed that over the course of 10 group psychotherapy sessions, 8 out of 10 violent offenders said denigrating things about their victims vs 2 out of 10 seductive offenders. The significant comparison if supported by cross-validation suggests the value of the distinction of violence vs seduction for sex offenders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Group psychotherapy for adolescent survivors of homicide victims: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an exploratory study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a time-limited psychotherapy group model to decrease traumatic symptoms among adolescent survivors of homicide victims. METHOD: Forty-five inner-city adolescents between the ages of 11 and 19 years participated in community-based, time-limited therapy groups that were specifically designed for youths who had a loved one die because of violence. The therapy groups were based on a 10-week treatment model for adolescent survivors of homicide victims with the goals of providing grief education, facilitating thoughts and feelings about grief, and reducing traumatic symptoms. RESULTS: On completion of group therapy, the adolescent participants reported an overall significant decrease in traumatic symptoms on an index of posttraumatic stress, especially in the areas of reexperiencing and avoidance symptoms. The mean difference between pre- and posttest was a 10.03 decrease in the sum of the Child PTSD Reaction Index scores (sig = .001). CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study indicate that group therapy may be helpful in reducing PTSD symptoms among inner-city, African-American adolescent survivors of homicide victims. Although validity is limited by the lack of a comparison group, the authors suggest that such a brief trauma/grief psychotherapy group may be applicable for suburban and rural adolescent survivors of homicide victims as well. .

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Silence in group psychotherapy: a powerful communication.

Silence in a psychotherapy group, including leader, member, subgroup, and whole-group silence, is a common phenomenon with many possible forms, uses, and meanings. Five common sources of silence in group psychotherapy are described: situational factors, individual dynamics, member-to-member interactions, group dynamics, and leader-related dynamics. Silence can reflect defenses or indicate conditions favorable to intensified group work. Silence, sometimes mistaken for psychological inactivity, should be viewed as significant communication.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pre-therapy training for adolescents in group psychotherapy: contracts, guidelines, and pre-therapy preparation.

Although adolescents in psychotherapy groups have been described as requiring more structure and preparation than adults, and as generally showing more critical deficits in verbal feedback and other interpersonal skills necessary for successful group functioning, no specific, detailed programs for preparation and pretraining of adolescents for group therapy are described in the literature. The present paper outlines a specific program developed for outpatient adolescent psychotherapy groups which has successfully speeded development of group cohesion, increased expression of positive expectancies for treatment reduced time spent in "pass-time" discussion, decreased verbalized concerns over confidentiality issues, and facilitated growth of patient skills in giving and receiving verbal feedback.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multidisciplinary course to teach staff to conduct psychodynamic group psychotherapy for assaultive men.

TOPIC: A course in leading psychodynamic psychotherapy groups for assaultive men. PURPOSE: To teach multidisciplinary staff members to lead these groups, using both didactic and experiential learning. SOURCE: The author's own experience. CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary staff members learned about the process of leading psychotherapy groups for assaultive men by attending lectures and observing the author lead a group over a 6-month period. The author's openness about her own thoughts, feelings, fantasies, and countertransference allowed students to explore their own reactions and to empathize with the patients, observing that they were not so different from them.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1995

[How can acceptance by psychiatric patients of group psychotherapy be improved? An empirical study of the effect of combined individual and group psychotherapy on attitude to group psychotherapy].

This study investigates whether the sceptic attitude of many psychiatric patients to group therapy can be improved by a combined individual and group therapy program. The investigation was made on 50 patients, most of them with neurotic disorders, partly with secondary alcohol or substance abuse as well as some schizophrenic patients. Before admittance to the psychotherapy program enquiries were made by means of a questionnaire, about what subject they would like to speak in the individual or group therapy sessions. The results differ significantly dependent on sociodemographic and illness related factors. A second examination after discharge reveals an ameliorated attitude concerning group therapy in nearly all central themes. Thus, one of the important goals of in-patient psychotherapy has been achieved to improve patients ability to receive out-patient group therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A long-term psychotherapy group for children with chronic medical illness.

Group psychotherapy for children with chronic medical illness can be a powerful tool in facilitating their social and emotional adjustment to their condition. In this article, the author addresses the theoretical issues in developing and managing such a group, drawing on his experience with a long-term psychotherapy group of four children of varying ages and medical conditions. Themes arising from this group included universality of experience, understanding the disabilities of others, sharing, relationships with parents, and grief and loss. In addition to addressing developmental tasks of individual group members, the author presents therapist-related issues (e.g., transference, countertransference, the cotherapy relationship, and the therapist-parent relationship). The author concludes that participation in an ongoing psychotherapy group can provide medically ill children with considerable opportunity for growth, understanding, meaning, and adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

[Experiences with the combination of communication training and dynamic group psychotherapy].

Three psychotherapy groups consisting of altogether 37 patients took part in communication training after L. Schäbisch and M. Sieme in preparation for group-centred dynamic psychotherapy. The results of pretherapy and post-therapy surveys with the MMPI were tested for quantitative changes using Posthoff and H. F. Böttcher's gnoseologically based test. The findings suggest that this combination of methods has a high standard of efficiency, which is finally discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2005

[The therapist in group psychotherapy].

Nowadays, group psychotherapy designates a broad range of procedures based on different theoretical frameworks, applied to several contexts. The purpose of this study is to understand the group therapist's role, delineating some strategies and necessary abilities for group psychotherapy practice. The authors emphasize the technical-scientific level in which the work with groups is developed and the influence of the therapist's personality on the participants. They conclude that, in order to preserve their role without loosing the specificity of his function due to his involvement in multiple patients' experiences, therapists must have a stable professional identity. Therefore, the therapists' preparation, based on a process of continuing formation, is a necessary condition to enable them to face peculiar situations that occur in the group context and also to assure the singular therapeutic potential of group psychotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Joining group psychotherapy: developmental considerations.

This article examines the experience of new members joining an ongoing psychotherapy group. The group's stage of development and the new member's personality development are suggested to be important variables in this significant event. The experience of joining is found to share some things in common with the beginning phase of group for the group as a whole, but also noted are some unique elements. The process of joining is viewed as a highly anxious event for the new member, with antecedents in the individual's life experience. The new member is compromised by not knowing the group members, nor their shared history, norms, and dynamics. Concurrently, the group may experience a range of fears, wishes, and anxieties about the new member. Developmental considerations for the new member and the stage of group help to inform intervention strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Group psychotherapy for the overtly psychotic inpatient.

Overtly psychotic patients can be managed in a flexible psychotherapy group. Specific guidelines for admission to the group coupled with special consideration and techniques by the group therapists contributed to the success of one such group. The patients were part of an unusually accommodating and tolerant group experience, which became an opportunity for active therapeutic endeavors to help the patients overcome psychotic mechanisms.

Delusions↗
PubMed1989

Group psychotherapy of the characterologically difficult patient.

A broad range of characterologically difficult patients present for treatment in psychotherapy groups. Despite different clinical presentations, including features of the schizoid, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorders, these patients share a common developmental failing. Specifically, these individuals have failed to attain object constancy and the associated stable internalization of tolerably ambivalent representations of the self, and of the other, in relationship with one another. Splitting mechanisms predominate over integrative ones, as primitive defenses are utilized to deal with the individual's powerful needs and fears related to engagement and intimacy. These maladaptive interpersonal styles are clearly illuminated in group therapy, but often to the exclusion of the latent, intrapsychic derivatives of this behavior, with detrimental effects. This paper examines the group therapy of such patients from the perspective of object relations and self psychology theories, models that provide the essential link between the interpersonal and the intrapsychic worlds.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The new member: "infanticide" in group psychotherapy.

While the variety of responses of psychotherapy groups to new members is wide, this article addresses those that are treatment destructive, that is, murderous in that they are aimed at the elimination of a new sibling. A number of frequently encountered destructive response patterns to new members are illustrated and categorized. It is suggested that survival of the new member is best insured by adequate preparation of the group so that the nucleus of powerful feelings activated in this situation can be felt and expressed prior to the addition of the new member. A clinical example of appropriate preparation is offered, and the contributions of group therapists to new member casualties are noted.

Attitude↗
PubMed2001

Group psychotherapy with older adults.

This article describes a psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy group for older adults conducted in an agency setting, highlighting the problems specific to such groups. The literature on such groups for older adults is reviewed. The issues discussed are the psychology of late life, diagnostic considerations, medical illness and dementia as complicating factors, the issue of caretaking, and the centrality of shame. A systems-oriented approach to understanding the group's success is suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Group psychotherapy treatment of borderline personalities.

Borderline personalities have been treated in psychotherapy groups for over 40 years. This article elaborates some of the characteristics pertinent to the treatment of these patients. Combined treatment of group and individual therapy addresses the needs for object constancy, the integration of object and self representations, and the possibility of attachment to others. Collaboration with individual therapists in this process is essential and there are specific conditions that allow this to occur as well as guidelines to help them make referrals. Cotherapy can be especially beneficial if the cotherapy team is knowledgeable and experienced. The group therapist must have special training and supervision to conduct groups of such intensity and affectively laden content.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Group psychotherapy for substance abuse patients: development of a technique.

A voluntary open psychotherapy group in a Veterans Drug Dependence Treatment Center was conducted along psychodynamic-integrative lines. Interpretations were first made as with psychiatric patients. These patients regressed to drug use or dropped out. The style was changed to emphasize pertinent general questions. The derivatives of personality problems emerged in the discussions. "Samplers" (patients attending less than five times) and "regulars" (patients attending more than five times) of 104 sessions are compared with one another and the total Center population. Reviewing the literature confirmed our impression that this group treatment was worthwhile.

Adult↗