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PubMed2001

Two new species of the family Syringophilidae (Acari: Cheyletoidea) from passeriform birds collected in the Altai.

Two new species of the syringophilid mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) are described from quills of passeriform birds. Syringophilopsis faini sp. n. is described from Sylvia curruca (L.) (Sylviidae) and Syringophiloidus carpodaci sp. n. is described from Carpodacus erythrinus (Pall.) (Fringillidae). Characters are detailed that differentiate Syringophilopsis faini from three species of a new "turdus" group, and Syringophiloidus carpodaci from S. minor.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Influence of blood parasites on the body mass of passeriform birds.

Body masses of 3,739 birds representing immature and adult males and females of 15 species of passeriforms (both uninfected and infected with Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp.) were compared. There was some interaction among year, month and area of capture for several host species, but there was no discernible effect of either parasite genus on body mass. There were no effects due to high intensity parasitemia for eight host species examined. Either parasitism does not cause loss of body mass, or the techniques used were too insensitive to separate effects of parasitism from other natural causes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The first find of the feather mite from Apionacaridae family (Astigmata: Analgoidea) on the passerines ( Passeriformes)].

A representative of the family Apionacaridae is recorded from the passerine birds Passeriformes for the first time. Fringillosphaera bochkovi gen. n., sp. n. is described from the chaffinch Fringilla coelebs (Fringillidae). The new genus obtains main diagnostic characters as follows. Vertical setae vi absent. Prodorsal shield free from scapular sheilds and epimerites Ia. Humeral sheilds present. Epimerites I convergent, connected by sclerotized plate. Lateral setae f2 and pseudanal setae ps3 absent. Coxal fields I-IV sclerotized. In male: legs IV present, genital apparatus at level of trochanters IV, genital arch with divergent branches. Epiandrium absent. Coxal setae 3a absent. Morphological peculiarities, host associations and phylogenetic relationships of the family Apionacaridae are briefly discussed. It is suggested that this family represents and ancient and relic phylogenetic branch, which had split rather early from the common ancestor of the superfamily Analgoidea in the period of formation of the Neognathae birds.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Capillariids (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from passeriform birds of Nepal).

A total of 83 hosts of the order Passeriformes from Nepal were examined for nematodes. Nine of them were found to be infected with 4 nematode species, Capillaria exilis, C. ovopunctata, Capillaria sp. and Thominx rigidula. The last species is redescribed in detail. Three of the definitive hosts are new for the above-mentioned nematode species and this is the first recorded from Nepal.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The Leucocytozoidae of South African birds: Passeriformes.

The leucocytozoids of ten families of Passeriformes--Estrildidae, Fringillidae, Laniidae, Nectariniidae, Passeridae, Ploceidae, Promeropidae, Pycnonotidae, Sturnidae and Zosteropidae--are reviewed. Leucocytozoon roubaudi from the Estrildidae, L. fringillinarum from the Fringillidae, L. balmorali from the Laniidae, L. gentili from the Passeridae, L. bouffardi from the Ploceidae, L. brimonti from the Pycnonotidae and L. zosteropis from the Zosteropidae are re-described. Leucocytozoon dutoiti, L. nectariniae, L. deswardti, L. pycnonoti and L. sturni are new species described from the Fringillidae (Carduelinae), Nectariniidae, Promeropidae, Pycnonotidae and Sturnidae respectively while L. monardi is considered to be a synonym of L. gentili and L. molpastis is considered to be a synonym of L. brimonti.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Observations on malaria in European perching birds (passeriformes).

893 passeriformes birds belonging to 44 species and 14 families were investigated for blood parasites during a study running over 5 years. More than 1700 blood samples were taken. An average of 14% of the birds proved to be infected, most frequently with Leucozytozoon and Haemoproteus ( Parahaemoproteus ). Plasmodium sp. as well as other blood parasites were rarely found. Positive findings were correlated to the number of birds investigated per species, to the frequency and mode of inspections, the species of birds, the age of birds, and to the season. The latter is especially important for Haemoproteidaes . The distribution of exoerythrocytic schizonts in various organs is dealth with. The malaria infections only very rarely were fatal to the birds.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1984

[Hemoglobins of thecommon starling (Sturnus vulgaris, Passeriformes). The primary structures of the alphaA, alphaD and beta chains].

The primary structures of the major hemoglobin component HbA (alpha A- and beta-chains) and the minor component HbD (alpha D-chains, beta-chains are identical with those of HbA) of the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) are given. The order Passeriformes, to which this species belongs, represents 5/8 of all species of birds. Comparing Starling and Greylag Goose (Anser anser) hemoglobins, HbA alpha A-chains differ by 20 amino acids or 23 nucleotides (3 two point mutations), beta-chains by 14 amino-acid and nucleotide exchanges. Eight substitutions modify alpha 1-beta 1 contacts and one phosphate contact (beta 2(NA2)His----Gln). In both chains some histidine residues are substituted by neutral amino acids. Comparing Starling and Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus colchicus) hemoglobins, HbD alpha D-chains differ by 33 amino acids or 39 nucleotides (6 two point mutations). Five alpha 1-beta 1 contacts, one alpha 1-beta 2-contact and one heme contact are changed. Valin was found in the N-terminal position of Starling alpha D-chains instead of methionin which is the N-terminus in all other avian alpha D-chains so far investigated. Not only alpha A- and beta-chains, but also alpha A- and alpha D-chains differ significantly from each other in the mutation rates. Substitutions are discussed in relation to evolution, function and physiology.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1976

Two new coccidians from passeriform birds.

A description is given of two new coccidians, Caryospora jiroveci sp.n. from Erithacus rubecula and Eimeria depuytoraci sp.n. from Sylvia curruca. This is the second finding of a Caryospora species from passeriform birds and the first finding of an Eimeria species from sylviids.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Aploparaksis borealis sp. n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from passeriform and charadriiform birds in Chukotka and Alaska.

Aploparaksis borealis sp. n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), from the long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarisu longicaudus Vieillot, on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, and from the red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus (Pallas), and the Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus), in Chukotka, northestern Siberia, is described. This cestode is distinguished by the structure of the cirrus and other morphologic characters from other species of Aploparaksis Clerc 1903 in which there are 10 rostellar hooks and the vitelline gland is aporal to the ovary. A. borealis is the first species of Aploparaksis to be reported from birds representing 2 orders (Passeriformes and Charadriiformes).

Alaska↗

PubMed1977

[Chromosome complements of eleven bird species of the orders columbiformes, passeriformes and tinamiformes (author's transl)].

The chromosome complements of 11 species of birds from the Columbiformes, Passeriformes and Tinamiformes Orders are described. Their karyotypes' evolution are discussed and pericentric inversions, centric fissions and/or fusions seem to have been of great importance. Banding patterns in the several Orders will be of great importance to know better the mechanisms of chromosomal evolution.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Trichocephaloidis beauporti n. sp., new cestode of Charadriiformes and some Passeriformes in Guadelupa (author's transl)].

Description of a new species of Dilepididae, Trichocephaloidis beauporti n. sp., parasite of Charadriiform Birds (Tringa flaviceps; Micropalama himantopus; Gallinago gallinago delicata; Squatarola squatarola) of Guadelupa and also of a Passeriforme, Quiscalus lugubris. This species can easily be separated from other Trichocephaloidis by the structure of bifid rostellum and the length of Hooks (70-77 mu). Trichocephaloidis charadrii is synonym of Trichocephaloidis megalocephala.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Coping with salt without salt glands: osmoregulatory plasticity in three species of coastal songbirds (ovenbirds) of the genus Cinclodes (Passeriformes: Furnariidae).

We investigated the phenotypic plasticity of renal function in three South American coastal passerine Cinclodes (ovenbirds) differing in the proportion of marine prey they consume. Individuals were acclimated to two regimes of salinity for 15 days, and then the maximal urine-concentrating ability (Umax), hematological parameters and kidney morphology of each species were determined. The proportion of kidney mass occupied by medullary tissue, the number of medullary cones in the kidneys, plasma osmolality and Umax differed among the three species, supporting the hypothesis of an adaptation for excretion of the high salt load in the strictly marine C. nigrofumosus. Our results indicate that species of Cinclodes are able to modify the proportion of medullary tissue and the Umax. In addition, we found interspecific differences in the magnitude to which these osmoregulatory parameters can be modified. The greater ability to modify the osmoregulatory features in the migrant species C. oustaleti may enable it to cope with seasonal changes in salt load imposed by the winter consumption of hypertonic prey.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed2004

Phylogenetic relationships of the African bush-shrikes and helmet-shrikes (Passeriformes: Malaconotidae).

The African bush-shrikes and helmet-shrikes (Malaconotidae sensu [A Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, third ed., Helm Editions, London, 2003]) include 10 genera and 52 species of predatory passerine birds for which monophyly, sister-group, and inter-generic relationships are disputed. To resolve their relationships, we analyzed 2313 bp of sequence data obtained from two nuclear introns (myoglobin intron-2, beta-fibrinogen intron-5) and a mitochondrial protein-coding gene (ND2) using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. A strongly supported clade that included representatives of the Malaconotidae, Platysteiridae, and Vangidae was found in all analyses. Three main groups emerged within this clade but relationships between these three groups were always poorly supported. The first group included the helmet-shrikes (Prionops), flycatcher-shrikes (Bias and Megabyas), and vangas (Cyanolanius and Pseudobias), currently placed in the families Malaconotidae, Platysteiridae, and Vangidae, respectively. The second group consisted of four Platysteiridae genera (Lanioturdus, Batis, Platysteira, and Dyaphorophyia), with the remaining Malaconotidae genera ('core malaconotids') forming the last group. Two main clades emerged within the 'core malaconotids,' with the position of the genus Nilaus being variable. The first clade included Malaconotus, Dryoscopus, Bocagia, and Tchagra and the second Chlorophoneus, Laniarius, Rhodophoneus, and Telophorus. Monophyly of the genus Chlorophoneus was never recovered, a result that is consistent with morphological data.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Molecular phylogenetics and diversification of the genus Sporophila (Aves: Passeriformes).

The evolutionary affinities within and among many groups of nine-primaried oscines remain unresolved. One such group is Sporophila, a large genus of New World tanager-finches. Our study focused particularly on clarifying the relationship between this genus and a closely related one, Oryzoborus, and on examining the phylogenetic affinities of the "capuchinos," a group of 11 Sporophila species that share a similar male plumage coloration pattern. Our phylogenetic analyses, based on 498 bp of mitochondrial DNA sequence, indicated that: (1) Oryzoborus is embedded within a well-supported clade containing all Sporophila species, which strongly suggests that both genera should be merged, (2) the species of capuchinos comprise a monophyletic group, implying that the plumage patterns common to all probably arose only once, and (3) the capuchinos clade is comprised of two sub-clades, one including two species that are distributed in northern South America and the other one containing eight species that are present south of the Amazon River. Mean sequence divergence among the southern capuchinos species was extremely low, suggesting a rapid radiation within the last half-million years that may be related to the high level of sexual selection present in the genus and might have been promoted by marine ingressions and egressions that occurred in some southern coastal regions of South America in the Late Pleistocene.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and a re-interpretation of an unique nest-building specialization.

Based on some general similarities in feeding adaptations, a large number of Old World passerine birds were in the past lumped in one broad family, the Sylviidae. Recent molecular studies, starting with the DNA-DNA hybridization work by Sibley et al. [Sibley, C.G., Ahlquist, J.E., 1990. Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT], have revealed that this group is in fact a paraphyletic assemblage, mainly in the superfamily Sylvioidea, and within this assemblage a distinct group (the Cisticolidae) can be identified around the genus Cisticola. In this study we try to define natural lineages within it, based on DNA sequence data from 35 ingroup taxa representing 12 putative genera. Both nuclear myoglobin intron II (630 bp in our study) and mitochondrial ND2 (1041 bp) genes were sequenced, and 1671 bp were aligned and subjected to parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The results strongly support the monophyly of a cisticolid clade, with the Malagasy warblers Neomixis constituting the deepest branch within the clade. Three major clades receive statistical support, but not all relationships between and within these are well resolved. All species of the genus Bathmocercus belong to the Cisticolidae but in two different clades. The tailorbirds appear also polyphyletic with most species of the genus Orthotomus (but O. cucullatus falling in the outgroup) and the African metopias being in two different clades. Also the genus Apalis is polyphyletic, but all other included genera seem to be confirmed as natural units. Based on these findings we resurrect the genera Scepomycter and Artisornis. Calamonastes is confirmed to be in the Cisticolidae and grouped with Camaroptera. Main basic nest types do not follow the phylogenetic branching, and notably the peculiar "tailorbird" technique of stitching leaves together around the nest is found in different parts of the phylogeny. The basic types of nests seem to be found in particular environments, and the sewing may therefore have evolved in some ancestor of the Cisticolidae and was later lost or modified in some genera or species following the spread of drier habitats from the mid-Miocene.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Complex biogeographic history of the cuckoo-shrikes and allies (Passeriformes: Campephagidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data.

The Campephagidae (minivets, cuckoo-shrikes and trillers, seven genera and 81 species) represents an Old World corvid clade of tropical birds with a mixed diet that forage in different manners, i.e., flycatching, foliage-gleaning or shriking. This family has never been the focus of any phylogenetic survey, so their phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history remain largely unknown. To address these questions, we sequenced four loci (ND2, myoglobin intron-2, GAPDH intron-11 and c-mos) for 27 species of Campephagidae. Our analyses suggest that Coracina consists of five unrelated lineages and that Lalage is paraphyletic. Our dating analyses, using a Bayesian relaxed-clock method, indicate that the split between the Indo-Malayan genus Pericrocotus and the remaining Campephagidae occurred synchronously with other splits involving Indo-Malayan corvid lineages, suggesting that several lineages of Indo-Malayan birds were isolated at the same time from their closest relatives. The African stock of cuckoo-shrikes is likely the result of three independent trans-oceanic dispersals from Australasia.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

Comparative phylogeographic patterns in three pan-Amazonian antwren lineages (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae: Myrmotherula and Isleria).

We examined DNA sequences of 328 individuals of three lineages (species or species complexes) of Amazonian antwrens to evaluate their degree of geographical and historical concordance. All lineages (Myrmotherula longipennis, M. menetriesii, and the Isleria guttata-hauxwelli species complex) consist of small insectivorous birds that occupy understory or midstory of terra firme forest and are widely distributed across the Amazon Basin. Individuals of each of the three lineages grouped into genetic clades mainly separated by the Amazon and some major tributaries, although members of different clades of both M. menetriesii and I. hauxwelli were documented in the Madeira-Tapajós interfluvium. Branching patterns differed among taxa, but all taxa were highly differentiated across the lower or upper Amazon. Despite the morphological, ecological, and phylogenetic similarities among lineages, and despite the fact that nearly all taxa are bounded by rivers, the effect of the other major rivers as biogeographic barriers was highly variable. The Marañón, Ucayali, Madeira, Tapajós, Xingu, Napo, Negro, and Branco all separated main clades in one or two lineages but not in the others. Levels of genetic differentiation along the Teles Pires were substantially higher than those across the Tapajós in M. menetriesii and I. hauxwelli, consistent with a proposed historical change of river course for the Tapajós. Genetic units in this study were comparable for the most part to taxonomic units delineated by analyses of vocal and morphological variation, and identical, with one exception, to units defined solely by vocal variation in a companion paper (Isler et al. 2025). These results, in conjunction with those of Isler et al. (2025), provide additional instances of the variability of responses to the historical dynamism of Amazonia, in this case in closely related and ecologically similar species; highlight the consistency of genetic differentiation with vocal differentiation in additional species of Neotropical suboscine birds; support the importance of Amazonian rivers in creating conditions that result in the differentiation of independent evolutionary lineages; and demonstrate that species richness in two of the lineages studied (M. longipennis and M. menetriesii) was previously underestimated.

Passeriformes↗

PubMed2005

Isospora araponga sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new species of Isospora Schneider from a bare-throated bellbird, Procnias nudicollis (Vieillot, 1817) (Passeriformes: Cotingidae) from Brazil.

Faecal samples from a couple of bare-throated bellbirds Procnias nudicollis imported from Brazil to Barcelona Zoo contained oocysts of Isospora araponga n. sp. Sporulated oocysts were subspherical to broadly ellipsoidal, 19.5 (17-22) x 15.5 (14-16.5) microm, shape index (length:width ratio) 1.26 (1.13-1.38) with smooth and colourless bilayered wall, about 1 microm thick, and with varying number (1-3) of polar granule, but without a micropyle or residuum. The sporocysts were ellipsoidal, slightly asymmetric, 12.5 (12-13) x 8.5 (7.5-9) microm with barely visible Stieda body and indistinguishable substieda body. Sporozoites were elongated, possessing smooth surface and two distinct refractile bodies.

Animals↗