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Results for “Physiological parameters”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Effect of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae toxins on some blood physiological parameters in mice].

In order to study the toxic effect of STX on mouse's blood with time lapse, STX from Aphanizomenon flosaquae was collected and the effect of toxins on physiological parameters of blood was measured by analyzing changes in cells and components in blood. Results showed that the blood parameters in mice changed after 0.5, 6, 12 and 24 hours respectively when mice were exposed to 0.5 Mu/ml Saxitoxin (STX). The numbers of red blood cell, Hemoglobin and platelet had little changed, while the number of white cells showed evident change, especially within 30 minutes. The more time extended, the less change of white cells had, namely, the effect of STX on some blood physiological parameters in mice became weaker with time spent. After 24 hours, almost all the blood physiological parameters in mice recovered to the normal level. Therefore, it can be concluded that both of STX and acid had toxic effects on blood of mice. When STX (0.5 Mu/ml, at pH5.3) were injected into blood, STX had the toxic effect within 12 hours, and after that, acid had.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Analysis of behavioural and physiological parameters for the assessment of postoperative analgesic demand in newborns, infants and young children: a comprehensive report on seven consecutive studies.

Many different systems for the assessment of pain in newborns and infants have been tested for validity, rarely for reliability but never for sensitivity or specificity. We aimed to determine whether the assessment of an analgesic demand in the lower age group during the postoperative period is possible by observational methods only. In an repetitive and sequential prospective process for identifying observationable behaviour and measurable physiological parameters as indicators of a postoperative analgesic demand, 584 newborns, infants and young children were studied (7 prospective studies, 4238 observations). Twenty-six items were selected as suggested by current literature and for reasons of economy and practicability. The factor analyses resulted in a two-factorial solution with the behavioural items loading on one factor and the physiological parameters on the other (principal component analyses). The physiological parameters blood pressure, respiratory rate and heart rate were found to be unreliable and had no discriminant power to detect an analgesic demand during the postoperative period (discriminant analyses, ROC-curves). In newborns and infants, nine observational items were identified as equally selective, reliable, sensitive and specific to the assessment of postoperative analgesic demand, whereas in young children only five items could be identified (discriminant analyses, ROC-curves). For economic reasons, these five items (crying, facial expression, posture of the trunk, posture of the legs, motor restlessness) were chosen as the basis of an additional pain scale ranging from 0=no pain to 10=maximal (Children's and Infants' Postoperative Pain Scale, CHIPPS). Its internal consistency yielded values for Cronbachs' alpha with 0.92 for toddlers and 0.96 for infants. The coefficient for interrater reliability was 0.93. The scale was validated constructively by the intravenous administration of metamizol, tramadol, nalbuphine, piritramide and ketamine (repeated measures analysis of variance). The Toddler-Preschooler Postoperative Pain Scale and CHIPPS equally identified painfree situations or analgesic demand in 87.4%. In cases with definite pain, the score of CHIPPS was never below 4 points. Seventy-one toddlers gave verbal comments on their pain intensity: in 29 painfree situations the CHIPPS score was 3.0 and in 29 painful situations it was 5.7. The values for sensitivity and specificity of CHIPPS were calculated to be 0.92-0.96 and 0.74-0.95, respectively (discriminant analyses). We conclude that it is possible to determine postoperative analgesic demand in the low age group of children by using an observational system such as CHIPPS alone.

Analgesia↗

PubMed2001

Effects of physical training and mental practice of in-clothes swimming: assessment by physiological parameters.

PURPOSE: This study examined whether a short-term physical or mental training reduces the physiological load and perceived exertion of the in-clothes swimming. METHODS: The study included 24 male inter-collegiate competitive swimmers with no previous experience of the in-clothes swimming. Prior to the training, the subjects performed 200-meter swimming with two styles of swimming, namely the crawl and elementary backstroke, and the degree of perceived exertion in the Borg scale, heart rate, and blood lactic acid level were determined. Following this baseline determination, the subjects were divided into 4 groups with 6 individuals each. These four groups were Group A "in-clothes training", Group B "image training", Group C "swimsuit training", and Group N "no training". Group A and C were lectured on the in-clothes swimming and practiced 7.5 min-long in-clothes swimming per day for a week with the two swimming styles, with Group A subjects wearing daily clothes and Group C subjects in swimsuits. Group B received 15 min of nonphysical mental practice primarily through viewing video recording of swimming performance everyday for a week. No training was given to Group N. At the completion of the training session, the subjects underwent the 2nd 200-meter swimming, and the physiological parameters were determined. RESULTS: The 1st in-clothes swimming load test showed that the elementary backstroke swimming resulted in significantly lower values of heart rate, blood lactic acid level, and perceived exertion than the crawl. For Group N, no difference was observed in the physiological parameters between the 1st and 2nd load test with either the elementary backstroke or crawl. Upon the 2nd in-clothes load test with the elementary backstroke, all three parameters were lower for Group A, B, and C than those seen for the 1st load test, and these differences were statistically significant, except for blood lactic acid in Group A. The 2nd in-clothes load test with the crawl showed that both heart rate and blood lactic acid were lower than those of the 1st load test for all three groups, with the differences in heart rate and blood lactic acid in Group A and that in blood lactic acid in Group B reaching the statistic significance. With respect to perceived exertion, the Borg score determined after the in-clothes load test with the crawl was significantly reduced for Group A, B, and C. The score after the in-clothes load test with the elementary backstroke was significantly reduced only for Group A. CONCLUSION: The elementary backstroke, when practiced in-clothes, imposes a relatively less physiological load. The present training methods can reduce physiological load and/or perceived exertion of the in-clothes swimming. Thus, both image training and swimsuit swimming are equally effective as a training method of the in-clothes swimming.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Modeling of the response of ptO2 in rat brain to changes in physiological parameters.

It is known that oxygen tension in tissue (ptO2) will change in response to an alteration of physiological parameters including: pCO2 in arterial blood, blood flow, capillary density, oxygen carrying capacity, and p50 of hemoglobin. We have used modeling to compute the change of PtO2 in response to changes of each physiological parameter and related these changes to experimental data. The oxygen distribution in a Krogh cylinder was computed assuming a linear decrease of hemoglobin saturation from the arterial to the venous end of the capillary. Parameters of the model were used to compute the baseline cerebral PtO2 expressed as the mean value of the PtO2 over the whole cylinder. These parameters were adjusted to derive PtO2 values close to those measured at the relevant experimental conditions. Then each desired parameter was varied to calculate the change in PtO2 related to this parameter. Effects of different factors on cerebral PtO2 were modeled and compared with experimental values obtained with various experimental interventions including: changing CBF, modifying p50 with the allosteric modifier RSR13, modification of capillary density, and hemoglobin content. An acceptable agreement of the computed and the experimental changes of the cerebral PtO2 was obtained for these experimental conditions.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed2006

Personal noise ranking of road traffic: subjective estimation versus physiological parameters under laboratory conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the subjective estimation of noise-induced discomfort and its correlation to psychoacoustic and physiological parameters under laboratory conditions. To establish an effective description of sound qualities of road traffic noise, supplementing the current standards and calculation specifications. METHODS: Pass-by vehicle noise samples were binaurally recorded with a dummy head measurement system, and synthetically composed to six vehicle ensembles considering different road beds, varying speed profiles and noise barriers. Fifty-one persons were selected and tested under laboratory conditions. Study participants were exposed to defined acoustic stimuli, alternating with neutral phases lacking acoustic content in a listening room. Concomitant recording of electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiratory rate was performed. Subjective estimation of noise-induced discomfort of assigned vehicle ensembles was rated on a personal ranking scale (PRS) by the study subjects. Subjective ratings were combined with objective psychoacoustic parameters by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Heart rate was increased during all noise exposure phases compared to neutral phases; the increase of heart rate differed among vehicle ensembles and was statistically significant in two cases (p<0.01). Respiratory rate remained unaffected. Personal rankings also differed among vehicle ensembles and correlated well with objective psychoacoustic parameters (p<0.0001); e.g., loudness combined with roughness describes the correlation with subjective estimation of noise-induced discomfort better than the A-weighted sound level. Vehicle ensembles rated more unpleasant caused higher increases in heart rate as well (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The sound quality of road traffic noise as it is described by various psychoacoustic parameters not only determines the subjective estimation of noise-induced discomfort but in addition affects physiological parameters like heart rate. This should be considered for future perspectives in road- and traffic planning and therefore may serve construction engineers as well as traffic planner as a supplemental tool.

Austria↗

PubMed1991

An evaluation of physiological parameters of stress in the emergency department.

Seven physiological parameters previously used in stress research were studied to determine which would be able to quantitate levels of stress and study interventions in the emergency department setting. Eighteen emergency medicine personnel were prospectively studied. Sequential measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, skin temperature, serum norepinephrine, and serum epinephrine were recorded during multiple shifts in the emergency department. These parameters were assessed in repeated measures analysis of variance models with the subject's stress score of the shift and a calculated stress score of the shift. Respiratory rate demonstrated a significant association with the score of the shift over time within subjects (P = .0228). Skin temperature showed a significant trend over time (P = .0001) and in relation to how stressful the subject perceived the shift to be (P = .0006). A significant association was detected between epinephrine change over the shift and the subject's perception of the stress of the shift (P = .0217), and the stress score of the shift (P = .0009). Sequential serum epinephrine appears to be an objective measure of both perceived stressfulness of a shift and objective stress scoring of the shift. Respiratory rate changes and skin temperature changes over a shift may also be useful to measure stress in individuals in this setting.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed2006

Influence of maxillary mouthguards on physiological parameters.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to test the influence of two types of maxillary mouthguards (a self-adapted and a custom-made model: SA and CM, respectively) on various physiological parameters generally associated with performance in team sports. METHODS: Nineteen trained male subjects participating in team sports were tested. Visual reaction time, explosive power, ventilation at rest, and ventilation and oxygen consumption during submaximal and maximal exercise were measured in three randomized conditions: normal, with SA mouthguards, or with CM mouthguards. RESULTS: Wearing SA or CM mouthguards did not significantly alter any of the measured parameters compared with the normal condition. CONCLUSIONS: Wearing a maxillary mouthguard does not affect the main physiological parameters generally associated with team sport performance. These results provide additional support to the policy of encouraging athletes to wear individually fitted maxillary mouthguards.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Influence of age on venous physiologic parameters.

PURPOSE: The incidence of deep venous thrombosis increases significantly with age. Attempts to explain this association have failed to identify factors that could be contributory. We hypothesized that age-related changes in venous physiologic parameters might contribute to an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis. METHODS: Air plethysmography was used to measure a number of physiologic parameters in two sets of patients. Group A consisted of 17 subjects (33 limbs), age range 23 to 40 years. Group B consisted of 11 subjects (22 limbs), age range 60 to 83 years. No subject in either group had peripheral vascular disease or a history of deep venous thrombosis. Parameters measured were venous volume, venous filling index, ejection volume, ejection fraction, residual volume fraction, and outflow fraction. RESULTS: Venous volume and ejection fraction were significantly reduced in Group B compared with Group A. Residual volume fraction was significantly increased in Group B compared with Group A. There were no statistically significant differences in outflow fraction, venous filling index, or ejection fraction between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the efficiency of the calf muscle pump diminishes with increasing age, possibly contributing to the increased incidence of deep venous thrombosis in the elderly.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Relation of pilots symptoms with some physiological parameters under vestibular stimulus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation of vestibular stimulus induced symptoms to electrogastrogram (EGG), electronystagmogram (ENG), acupoint potential (AP), skin temperature (ST) heart rate variability (HRV) and content of urine hormones. METHOD: The physiological parameters were recorded before, during and after vestibular stimuli. Graybiel's scoring standard was used, and progressive regression analysis of symptoms and physiological parameters were made. RESULT: The regression equations were obtained from data before, during and after the stimuli. CONCLUSION: Three regression equations might be used.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation with scavenging on behavioral and physiological parameters during routine pediatric dental treatment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of 40% nitrous oxide/60% oxygen inhalation with scavenging on the behavioral and physiological parameters during routine pediatric dental procedures. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects, aged 60-116 months, were randomized into a double blind, cross-over study design and administered alternately either 40% nitrous oxide/60% oxygen or 100% oxygen during two sequential restorative appointments. All subjects were monitored continuously for respiratory rate, pulse rate, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation using a combined capnograph and pulse oximeter. The subject's breath sound and behavior were recorded every minute along with vital signs. RESULTS: When compared to 100% oxygen inhalation, 40% nitrous oxide/60% oxygen inhalation produced significant reductions in adverse patient behavior, respiratory rate, and pulse rate, but did not affect percent hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Nitrous oxide inhalation had no effect on breath sound revealed by auscultation or on the occurrence of the apnea alarm displayed by the capnograph. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the administration of 40% nitrous oxide/60% oxygen delivered via a scavenging nasal hood significantly improved patient behavior and altered physiological parameters commonly monitored during conscious sedation.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1995

[Physiologic parameters and locomotor activity in Fleckvieh and Schwarzbund cattle during an alpine summer].

The investigation on an alpine pasture was performed on 15 heifers of the breeds Fleckvieh and Friesians from different farms. Some physiological parameters and locomotor activities in dependence of breed, farm of origin and weather conditions were studied. Animals of one farm were pastured in spring, the animals of the other farm were brought directly from the barn to the mountain area. Physiological parameters were influenced by farm, but not by breed. The activities of GOT and CK increased in unprepared heifers only (due to the release from skeletal muscles) as did levels of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate obviously due to adaptation-difficulties linked with energy-deficiency. Pre-pastured animals showed higher blood-urea concentrations, due to their ability to locate always fresh grass with high protein content. The breed influence on the daily number of steps and on the distance covered was statistically not significant. Animals already pastured in spring showed more movement than unprepared ones. Among weather conditions thunderstorm showed a striking increase in activity which resulted from the search for shelter. On rainy days without wind the animals showed least movement. Cloudy, dry weather as well as sunshine was associated with average activity. These reactions to meteorological conditions were manifested more clearly in prepared heifers. The other animals obviously had to learn first how to minimize untoward effects by suitable behaviour.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Few intra-lake variations of physiological parameters in perch, Perca fluviatilis.

Intra-lake variations in physiological parameters, representing haematology, plasma ion composition and carbohydrate metabolism, were investigated in perch (Perca fluviatilis), inhabiting a comparatively unpolluted lake. Provided the perch were subjected to a standardized procedure for capture, handling, recovery after capture, and sampling, only few and minor differences were observed in 21 parameters investigated when 3 groups were compared to a control group of perch. It is concluded that the experimental design used is suitable for the examination of the physiological status of perch in the field.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The influence of physiological parameters on long term heart rate variability in healthy preterm infants.

The instantaneous heart rate shows a variation around the mean heart rate caused by cardioregulatory mechanisms which are mediated through the sympathetic and vagal autonomic nervous system. To gain more insight into the influence of physiological parameters on neonatal heart rate variability a study was performed in four healthy preterm newborns during the first five days of life. Instantaneous heart rate, respiration rate, transcutaneous pO2, blood pressure and behaviour were recorded during 40 minutes four times a day. Long term heart rate variability was calculated as the difference between p95 and p5 of instantaneous heart rate values sampled during three minutes. A clear relationship between long term variability and age (maturity of the autonomic nervous system), respiration rate (respiratory sinus arrhythmia or a tidal volume mediated effect) and behaviour (increase of sympathetic tone during REM sleep) was found. No influence of blood pressure, heart rate, and transcutaneous pO2 within physiological ranges could be detected. The relative influence of the different physiological parameters on heart rate variability has to be established before the value of heart rate variability as a monitoring tool in neonatal intensive care can be investigated.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2001

Anatomical and physiological parameters affecting gastrointestinal absorption in humans and rats.

Anatomical and physiological parameters of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract dramatically affect the rate and extent of absorption of ingested compounds. These parameters must be considered by nutritionists, pharmacologists and toxicologists when describing or modeling absorption. Likewise, interspecies extrapolation (e.g. from rat to human) requires species-to-species comparison of these parameters. The present paper (1) describes the alimentary canal and the barrier to absorption; (2) relates the major sites of absorption; (3) compares the dimensions and surface areas of human and rat intestinal tracts; (4) discusses motility of the gut and transit times through regions of the alimentary canal; (5) explains how luminal contents are altered by physical, chemical and metabolic processes; and (6) describes the flow of blood and lymph from the GI tract to the systemic circulation, including the enterohepatic circulation. Despite strong morphological similarities between humans and rats at the microscopic level, gross anatomical differences in the relative absorptive surface areas provide a basis for concluding that the human GI tract is capable of absorbing materials faster and to a greater extent than that of the rat. Differences in the environment of the GI lumen of the two species make it possible to infer which substances are more likely to be present in a dissolved/non-ionized state for each species. Taken together, these differences may be of sufficient magnitude to alter the assessment of risks/benefits for a given compound when those risks/benefits are based on interspecies extrapolations.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Comparison of inflammatory cytokine concentration and physiologic parameters in septic shock.

Cytokine-related systemic intravascular inflammation may represent a common pathogenic link between initial insult and multiple organ failure in septic shock patients. We conducted a prospective study with controls in the National Taiwan University Hospital intensive care unit to compare plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (cICAM-1) with clinical physiologic parameters in the outcome of patients with septic shock. Healthy volunteers (n = 37) and patients with septic shock admitted to the unit from January to December 1994 (n = 31) were enrolled. Clinical data, APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) III scores, multiple organ failure scores, the presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and outcome were evaluated. The plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and cICAM-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subgroups of survivors and nonsurvivors were compared for plasma levels of these factors or days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 after diagnosis of septic shock. Of the patients with septic shock, 20 survived and 11 died. The initial plasma levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (p < 0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between plasma IL-6 level and survival in the first week (r = 0.4297-0.7242, p < 0.05). APACHE III score (r = 0.4335, p = 0.015), acute respiratory distress syndrome (r = 0.5913, p < 0.001), and multiple organ failure score (r = 0.736, p < 0.001) were more strongly (negatively) correlated with survival than the concentrations of TNF-alpha and cICAM-1 by Spearman's rank sum test. Our results showed that in patients with septic shock, of the inflammatory cytokines, only IL-6 showed significantly higher plasma levels in the nonsurvivor group. Inflammatory cytokine levels were not more strongly correlated with the outcome of patients with septic shock than physiologic parameters.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Analysis of variability of physiologic parameters using the Poincare plot].

The noninvasive assessment of spontaneous temporal physiological parameters variations can provide valuable information about control systems involved in their complex regulations. Recently, in addition to conventional measures describing variability in time and frequency domains, methods based on nonlinear dynamics are increasingly used in physiology. The graphical analysis using Poincaré plot analysis with subsequent qualitative and quantitative analysis is one of them. The aim of this paper is to provide basic information about this method and its application in physiological research and clinical praxis.

Electrocardiography, Ambulatory↗

PubMed2003

The dose-dependent effect of RSR13, a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, on physiological parameters and brain tissue oxygenation in rats.

RSR13 is a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin that decreases the oxygen-binding affinity of hemoglobin, increasing the P50. As a result, tissue oxygen tension is expected to increase. Using the capabilities of in vivo EPR, we directly examined the effect of RSR13 on brain pO2 in rats and the relationship between any change in brain oxygenation and changes in physiological parameters, including blood gases. The brain pO2 and arterial blood paO2 were increased significantly (p < 0.005) following RSR13 administration. The peak increase of brain tissue pO2 was 8.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg in the animals receiving 150 mg/kg RSR13 and 13 +/- 3 mm Hg in the animals receiving 300 mg/kg RSR13. There was no difference among groups in MBP, heart rate, paCO2, pH, or HCO3. These data indicate that in anesthetized rats, RSR13 dose-dependently increases brain pO2 without affecting other physiologic parameters. This capability is likely to be very useful in circumstances where the pO2 of the brain is compromised.

Allosteric Regulation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Synchronization of various physiological parameters during the waking state in man (author's transl)].

Various physiological parameters (EEG, EKG, EOG, EMG), and behavioural activities were measured during 8 working hours in 40 subjects divided into 4 groups according to their age and occupation (35 and 50 years, specially skilled workmen and university workers). Several moments of synchronization between the different parameters were defined; they were characterized by reduction or suppression of the theta index, an increase in the alpha index, an increase in number of blinkings, a drop in muscle tone, and variations in heart rate, accompanied by modifications in work activity. The variation observed during these synchronized moments is an overall change in all the parameters and is not systematically related to just one of them. The synchronized moments last for about 8 minutes and are more frequent and better individualized in university personnel than in workmen. The average interval between them is 93 minutes with large intra and inter-variability between individuals. They are longer in 50-year-old subjects whatever the type of activity. The authors compare these moments of synchronization with ultradian rhythms described by other authors.

Adult↗