SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Pigs”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

[Utilization of feed energy by growing pigs. 3. Energy requirement for the growth and fattening of pigs].

The test series for the investigation of the energy consumption of growing pigs of the breeds large white and improved land race pig as well as cross breeds of the two breeds in a total of 369 metabolism periods (as described in the first two pieces of information of this publication series -- Hoffmann and others, 1977 and Jentsch and Hoffmann, 1977) were statistically analysed for the purpose of the derivation of the energy requirement for maintenance and the partial energy requirement for growth in order to test the possibilities of the factorial analysis for the derivation of energy requirement values of growing pigs. The dependence of the maintenance requirement of growing pigs (investigations in the live weight range of 10 to 40 kg -- see 1st information--were made with boars those in the live weight range of 30 to 120 kg were made with gelded boars, 2nd information) on the live weight can best be characterised by applying a power exponent of 0,61 or 0,62 for the live weight. A definition is offered to be discussed for the energetic maintenance requirement of productive live stock and laboratory animals as a conventional value. The energy requirement values derived from the doubly-factorial statistical analysis show a satisfactory adaptation to the measured values as such concerning energy intake and observed growth performance of the test animals. The conclusion is drawn that the factorial analysis of the energy requirement (maintenance plus partial performances) results in a better estimate of the requirement of growing animals than the assessment according only to live weight and live weight increase without characterising the energy requirement for partial performances. This is important for the further working on and more exact definition of requirement norms.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1978

Purification and properties of a pig heart thiolase with broad chain length specificity and comparison of thiolases from pig heart and Escherichia coli.

A thiolase (acetyl CoA acyltransferase, EC 2.3-1.16) which acts on substrates of various chain lengths (thiolase I) has been purified from pig heart muscle 366-fold to near homogeneity as judged by gel electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 200,000 in the absence and 46,000 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Kinetic measurements with acetoacetyl coenzyme A, 3-ketohexanoyl-CoA, 3-ketooctanoyl-CoA, and 3-ketodecanoyl-CoA yielded apparent Km values of 16, 8.3, 2.4, and 1.8 micron, respectively, whereas apparent Vmax values of 65 to 69 mumol/min/mg were obtained with all substrates except for acetoacetyl-CoA, with which a value of 26.5 mumol/min/mg was observed. Antibodies prepared against this thiolase were used to demonstrate that thiolase I and acetoacetyl-CoA thilase (thiolase II) from pig heart mitochondria are immunologically unrelated. The antibodies cross-reacted, however, with thiolase I from beef heart. Kinetic constants (Km, Vmax) were also determined for thiolases I and II from Escherichia coli, as were the native and subunit molecular weights of E. coli thiolase II. Although the E. coli thiolases were found to be immunologically distinct from the pig heart enzymes, their physical and kinetic properties are strikingly similar to those of the heart thiolases. In view of this finding and in view of the known physiological functions of the E. coli thiolases, it is proposed that thiolase I from pig heart is only involved in fatty acid metabolism, whereas thiolase II functions solely in ketone body degradation.

Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase↗

PubMed1979

Experimental chlamydial salpingitis in immunosuppressed guinea pigs infected in the genital tract with the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.

At necropsy indication of spread of infection to fallopian tubes was found in 25 of 41 (60%) female guinea pigs infected in the genital tract with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis and immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. Eighteen were examined histologically, and the diagnosis of acute salpingitis was confirmed in 10, based on inflammatory reaction, detection of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis in tissue, and formation of cysts (pyosalpinx and hydrosalpinx). Infection of fallopian tube tissue was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Infection of endometrial tissue and peritoneum was also recognized. Data suggested that the immunosuppression mediated by cyclophosphamide resulted in a prolonged genital tract infection and concomitant ascending infection leading to salpingitis.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Formed blood elements in peritoneal effusion and the macrophage migration inhibition test in healthy guinea pigs and in guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

An attempt was made to correlate the percentages of macrophages, lymphocytes and granulocytes in the peritoneal effusion in healthy guinea pigs and guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), with the macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) test. Varying percentages of the cells had no influence on values of MMI. Similarly, in guinea pigs with EAE, percentages of formed elements in peritoneal effusion were not correlated with intensity of MMI or with histopathologic lesions in the brain and spinal cord. It is suggested that the observed differences are due to individual immunologic responsiveness of animals and, probably, to other hitherto unknown mechanisms.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Mutant lines of guinea pig L2C leukemia. III. The reaction of an alloantiserum detecting idiotypic determinants on a clonally derived guinea pig B cell leukemia with IgM and Ia molecules.

An alloantiserum was prepared in a strain 13 guinea pig against the GH line of the strain 2 guinea pig L2C leukemia. This serum contained antibodies to both IgM and Ia molecules. After absorption with normal spleen cells from a strain 2 guinea pig, this antiserum no longer reacted with strain 2 cells, but detected idiotypes on the IgM molecules of the L2C leukemia. These idiotypes were on the same IgM molecules detected by a xenogeneic sheep anti-L2C Fab mu antiserum. As assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the idiotype-bearing IgM molecules were synthesized by the cell, composed of normal sized mu and light chains, appeared on the cell surface as monomeric IgM, and were the only immunoglobulin molecules present on the cell. Although the alloantiserum potentially contained antibodies to unique Ia idiotypic determinants, none were found. Furthermore, the anti-IgM idiotype antisera did not react with any Ia-like molecules.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Mechanisms of protective immunity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis of the guinea-pig. II. Selective destruction of different Leishmania species in activated guinea-pig and mouse macrophages.

Macrophages activation as the effector mechanism in destroying L. enriettii in the guinea-pig, and L. tropica in the mouse, was tested in vitro. Activated guinea-pig macrophages, with enhanced anti-Listeria capacity had no effect on the survival of intracellular L. enriettii, irrespective of the antigen used. Activated mouse macrophages, on the other hand, destroyed ingested L. enriettii within 24-48 hr but had no effect on L. tropica during the same time period. It is suggested that the pathogenicity of a Leishmania parasite in a given host depends on the ability of the parasite to survive in the host's activated macrophages. The possible mechanisms by which L. enriettii evades destruction in activated guinea-pig macrophages are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Streptococcal infection in young pigs. IV. An outbreak of streptococcal meningitis in weaned pigs.

Twenty-eight pigs died in an outbreak of streptococcal meningitis in an East Anglian herd. Most were 10-14 weeks old. The outbreak lasted from January to April and was finally controlled by antibiotic therapy. A similar number of losses had occurred in the previous year though no diagnosis had then been made. The causal agent appeared to be a haemolytic streptococcus belonging to group D and provisionally designated Streptococcus suis type 2. It is probably identical with de Moor's group R streptococcus which causes a similar disease in the Netherlands. It is serologically distinct from Streptococcus suis type 1 which causes meningitis in piglets. Type 2 infection in pigs appears to be widespread in England and Wales and to occur in animals up to the age of at least 14 weeks. A comparison is drawn between Str. suis meningitis in pigs and group B streptococcal meningitis in human infants.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1978

[The development of the adrenal cortex in pig (Sus scrofa domestica). (A contribution on the development of the fetal interior zone of the adrenal cortex in pig) (author's transl)].

The adrenals of pigs have been investigated histologically and histochemically during different periods of time pre- and postnatally. The pig (Sus scrofa domestica) shows a proper fetal cortex in the prenatal development of the adrenal gland. This involves slowly during the last quarter of pregnancy. A weight reduction is not noted thereby. Just before delivery the adrenal cortex of the pig has been subdivided into a zona arcuata and zona fasciculata. The zona reticularis develops only postnatally.

Adrenal Cortex↗

PubMed1978

Antigens of pig follicular fluid and ovarian tissue and the effect of anti-ovarian serum on pig oocytes and spermatozoa.

Common antigens were detected in pig follicular tissue, blood serum, blood plasma, seminal plasma and kidney, liver, testicular and ovarian tissue. If pig oocytes were exposed to the action of anti-ovarian antibodies, no precipitation of the zona pellucida was observed. In immunofluorescence, however, reaction of the zona, which was unaffected by absorption of this antiserum by any of the above antigens, was found. Antisera against pig spermatozoa, seminal plasma, follicular fluid, and testicular tissue did not react with the antigens on oocytes. Similarly, anti-ovarian and antifollicular sera had no effect on boar spermatozoa.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Herpes genitalis in guinea-pigs. II. Morphological studies in female guinea-pigs infected with Herpesvirus hominis type 2.

Gross and microscopial morphological changes developing in female guinea-pigs after vaginal infection with HVH 2/Angelotti were studied. In the mucosa of the external genital tract there were inflammatory changes with formation of intra-epithelial vesicles, erosions and ulcerations. In the late stages of the infection signs of inflammatory dysplasia were also observed. The infection spread into the nervous system and produced characteristic inflammatory changes. The inflammation began as a bilateral posterior myelitis and ascended in the course of infection through the upper spinal-cord towards the brain-stem. The morphological changes were preceded by increased virus replication in the respective tissues and were correlated in time with clinical symptoms. The morphological changes seen at the site of inoculation in the external genital tract of the guinea-pig bore a certain resemblance to those seen in some cases of human infection with the same type of virus.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Inhibition by digoxin and SC4453 of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase prepared from human heart, guinea-pig heart and guinea-pig brain.

SC4453 is a digoxin analogue with a pyridazine instead of a lactone ring on C17 beta. SC4453 was compared with digoxin with respect to inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase prepared from human heart, guinea-pig heart and guinea-pig brain. SC4453 was slightly less potent than digoxin but showed a similar sensitivity to K+. As for cardenolides, species differences in sensitivity to SC4453 were accounted for by differences in the rate of dissociation from the receptors. These observations confirm that the human heart is one of the tissues most sensitive to cardiac glycosides.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Target tissues associated with genital infection of female guinea pigs by the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.

Female guinea pigs were experimentally infected in the genital tract with the strain of Chlamydia psittaci that causes guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis. Chlamydiae were found frequently in superficial squamous epithelial cells of the exocervix, along with heavy involvement at the squamocolumnar junction. In this zone chlamydiae were observed in columnar cells, but inflammation and chlamydial inclusions were not observed in true endocervical epithelium. These observations were supported by results of immunofluorescence microscopy. Electron micrographs revealed typical chlamydiae within surface epithelial cells at the squamocolumnar junction; various stages of the growth cycle (elementary, reticulate, and intermediate bodies) were also present. Cytopathologic features were not remarkable, but peripheral distribution of organelles, rarefaction of the cytoplasm, and loss of microvilli were observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Ultrastructural development of guinea pig cytomegalovirus in cultured guinea pig embryo cells.

The ultrastructural development of guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) in guinea pig embryo cells was studied using electron microscopy. Tubular structures were found in nuclei of virus infected cells, followed by the appearance of intranuclear inclusions containing virus nucleocapsids. While some nucleocapsids were enveloped at the inner nuclear membrane, others were released into the cytoplasm where they were associated with, or within, dense matrix which was subsequently enveloped by cytoplasmic membranes to form enveloped dense virions. Dense bodies without virus capsids were formed in the cytoplasm and enveloped in a similar manner. An involvement of the nuclear pores in the release of unenveloped virus capsids from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was postulated. Evidence that the enveloped dense virions and dense bodies shared common envelope antigen(s) was obtained by immunoelectron microscopy. The similarities and differences in the ultrastructural development of GPCMV and other cytomegaloviruses are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

A comparison of the binding constant (KD) of 125I-labelled 3-(4-iodophenoxy)-1-isopropylamino-propan-2-ol obtained on beta-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig myocardial membranes, with its dissociation constants (KB) obtained on guinea-pig isolated atria and trachea.

The dissociation constant of binding (KD) of 125I-labelled 3-(4-iodophenoxy)-1-isoproplyaminopropan-2-ol (IIP) to guinea-pig myocardial membrane preparations was 2.2 x 10-8M. In pharmacological experiments with the non-labelled material and 60 min contact time, IIP produced a parallel shift in the orciprenaline concentration-response line on guinea-pig isolated tracheal and atrial preparations. The dissociation constant (KB) of IIP was 2.9 x 10-8M on atria (pA2 7.54) and 3.3 x 10-8M on trachea (pA2 7-48). These values indicate that IIP is not a selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug. In addition, agreement was found between the affinity constant of this antagonist for beta-adrenoceptors as determined by a direct binding study and an indirect pharmacological study.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed1978

Immunity to vaginal reinfection in female guinea pigs infected sexually with Chlamydia of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.

Guinea pig boars were inoculated intraurethrally with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC). At the heights of their urethral infections, they were caged with sows in estrus. Whereas some of the sows had not been previously exposed to GPIC agent, others had received an intravaginal inoculation 5 to 8 weeks earlier. Those sows for which infected boars provided the first exposure were challenged by intravaginal inoculation 5 to 8 weeks later. Vaginal and conjunctival scrapings were taken regularly and stained for chlamydial inclusions. Titers of serum anti-GPIC antibodies and of vaginal secretory IgA anti-GPIC antibodies were determined by immunofluorescence. Our results show for the first time that a sexually acquired vaginal GPIC infection induces immunity to manual reinfection of the vagina. Because of the high incidence of secondary conjunctival infections among the vaginally infected sows, we could not provide a sound statistical basis for our tentative conclusion that manual infection of the vagina induces immunity to sexual reinfection. The results of our antibody titrations confirm previous work showing that vaginal GPIC infection induces formation of both serum antibody and vaginal secretory immunoglobulin A antibody.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Studies of sperm antigenicity. 6. In vivo and in vitro cellular reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized with fractions of guinea pig spermatozoa.

Normal guinea pig spermatozoa cells were homogenized by a French pressure cell. Three soluble and three insoluble fractions were obtained by ultrascentrifugation and (emulsified in CFA) were used for guinea pig sensitization. The following were observed: 1) all fractions were immunogenic except one; 2) in vivo and in vitro delayed hypersensitivity was elicited in animals immunized with these fractions; 3) two distinctive histopathologic lesions were observed in the testes of sensitized animals: lesions of orchitis type developed in animals injected with some fractions. Other fractions induced lesions of aspermatogenic type. These results correlated well with delayed hypersensitivity results obtained by in vivo and in vitro tests. Although some other spermatozoal fractions did not cause severe changes in the testes. The lack of sperm accumulation in the epididymis was obvious.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

[The effect of urine from castrated male or female guinea pigs and rats on the estrous cycle of guinea pigs and rats, respectively].

A 24-hour reduced cycle duration was observed in 5-day cyclic female rats exposed to the odor of urine from male or female castrated rats. A decrease in the duration of the period of vaginal closure, ranging from 2 to 5 days, was observed in female guinea pigs exposed to the odor of urine from male or female castrated guinea pigs. The pheromonal activity of urine in both species was concluded to be no dependent upon the gonadal function.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[Comparative histological studies of mouth mucosa, gingiva and desmodont in normal guinea pigs and guinea pigs fed a vitamin C deficient diet].

The changes occurring in the oral mucosa, gingivae and periodontium of guinea pigs fed a vitamin C-deficient diet were determined by means of histological comparison with animals on a normal diet. The following results were obtained from the scorbutic guinea pigs: --detachment of the horny layer from the underlying epithelium, --bullous cells in the spinose and the granular layer, --formation of periodontal pockets, --reduction in number and disorientation of collagenous fibres of the periodontium associated with loosening of the molars.

Animals↗