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Results for “Population Dynamics--statistics”

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PubMed2001

Evolution in a spatially structured population subject to rare epidemics.

We study a model that gives rise to spatially inhomogeneous population densities in a system of host individuals subject to rare, randomly distributed disease events. For stationary hosts that disperse offspring over short distances, evolutionary dynamics can lead to persistent populations with a variety of spatial structures. A mean-field analysis is shown to account for the behavior observed in simulations of a one-dimensional system, where the evolutionarily stable state corresponds to the solution of a straightforward optimization problem. In two dimensions, evolution drives the system to a stable critical state that is less well understood.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isolation by distance in human populations.

Malécot's theory of isolation by distance under 'continuous' migration is shown to fit acceptably to various human populations. Although it provides a less complete and reliable prediction of population structure than migration matrices, it is applicable to a greater range of structures and data.

Genetics, Population↗
PubMed1988

A genetic history of Italy.

Statistical techniques for displaying the geographical distribution of many genes in few synthetic images have been used to represent the various patterns of gene frequencies in Europe and in the world (Menozzi et al. 1978; Piazza et al. 1981 a). It has also been shown that such synthetic displays are particularly useful in detecting clines of genetic differentiation associated with movements of populations like those accompanying the Neolithic expansion of farmers from the Near East or, in more recent times, the putative diffusion of Indo-European-speaking populations (Ammerman & Cavalli-Sforza, 1984; Gimbutas, 1973). In this paper we use the same combination of statistical and graphical techniques to study the genetic structure of Italy, a European country whose unity of people and cultures was quite a recent event. The possibility of studying genetic differentiation in a small geographical area is tested and trends of genetic differences are tentatively interpreted in terms of historic and linguistic knowledge. The few demographic pieces of information taken from historical sources and compared with linguistic records support the hypothesis that the genetic structure of Italy still reflects the ethnic stratification of pre-Roman times.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1989

How a universal health care system responds to an aging population. Demographics, supply, and utilization in 1975 and 1983 in Manitoba, Canada.

Health care planners are concerned with projected increases in the numbers of elderly because of their consumption of costly nursing home- and hospital-based services. Using administrative data from the Manitoba health insurance system, this article examines how a health care system has responded to increased numbers of elderly by comparing how different age groups in the population used hospitals, nursing homes, and physicians in 1975 and 1983. Over this period, there was a marked increase in the numbers of elderly, combined with a decrease in the per capita availability of hospital and nursing home beds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of historical land-use changes for purposes of strategic planning--a case study in Laos.

How can governments in developing countries act together with local people to promote sustainable forest land use? Based upon an initial review of man's use of natural resources in Southeast Asia over 100 years, an interdisciplinary approach to strategic planning based on interaction among stakeholders is outlined. A case study in a water catchment area in Laos, dominated by shifting cultivation, is used to test and illustrate the approach, which includes interviews with local people about historical events and socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The study also includes field point sampling, remote sensing, official records and a simulation tool (the Area Production Model), for verification, calibration and supplementation of the information provided by villagers. By presenting the consolidated data to the villagers and giving them opportunities to consider their landuse and explain discrepancies, and comment on the conclusions, a dialogue on land-use strategies was initiated.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1980

The recruitment, training, and distribution of physicians in Yugoslavia.

Yugoslavia has developed a form of communism very different from that found in other communist nations, yet it has faced problems of health manpower distribution not unlike those existing in other countries, both communist and non-communist. Recruitment and training patterns are in some respects similar to those found in the United States: medical students tend to come from high-status, urban families and specialization has increased very dramatically over the past thirty years, in marked contrast to the pattern in the United States. Moreover, though there are continuing discrepancies in physician distribution among urban and rural communes and developed and underdeveloped republics and provinces, these differences are not widening as they have in the United States when similar regional units are observed. It is suggested that physician distribution has been controlled more effectively in Yugoslavia than in the United States, in large part because of the control over available positions exercised by health workers and representatives of social insurance and other institutions.

Communism↗
PubMed1987

Treatment discontinuance: grounds for optimism.

The effects of discontinuance on treatment outcome in a family service agency are examined. Results indicated that many discontinuing clients benefit from treatment, although not as much as continuing clients benefit. Discrepancies between the views of clients and practitioners are discussed.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Growth of the Medicare population.

The growth rate of Medicare enrollees significantly exceeds the growth rate of the general population. Moreover, the group of enrollees aged 85 years or over is growing proportionately faster than all other groups of the aged. These phenomena and other interesting trends of the Medicare population are explored in this article.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The correlation of the indices of animal longevity and mortality in stationary populations with a constant rate of mortality].

Equations have been derived on the basis of general ratios of the numbers of different age groups of animals that allow to estimate the mortality coefficient in populations with stationary age structure and intensity of mortality that does not depend on age at their continuous and discontinuous replenishing by frequency of occurrence of individuals of the maximal age. The proposed method of estimation of mortality has been tested on models with different numbers of animals and age classes. The equation gives a non-biased estimate of mortality coefficient for populations with discontinuous replenishing with young individuals at very small sample sizes (less than 10 individuals).

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Florence Nightingale: statistician and consultant epidemiologist.

Florence Nightingale became a legend in her own lifetime and the image of the lady with the lamp still influences public thinking about the practice of nursing and its practitioners. Like many legends, her story has been adapted to suit changing circumstances and purposes. One could speculate why it is that particular aspects have come into greater prominence at particular times in history. This article explores a less-known aspect of her work, her expertise and use of statistics and epidemiology. And it illustrates how that expertise was called upon to address a major health problem in New Zealand in 1860.

Data Collection↗