PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Progesterone--analysis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Hormonal profiles in lactating and non-lactating women immediately after delivery and their relationship to breast engorgement.

Prolactin, human placental lactogen (HPL), oestrone, oestradiol and progesterone levels in plasma were measured before and during the first seven days after delivery in women who did not breast feed. The results confirmed the rapid clearance of placental steroids from the circulation after delivery. Plasma prolactin levels remained elevated during the early puerperium and the range of values were the same in non breast-feeding women and a group of breast feeding women. Of the 25 women studied, six developed breast engorgement. No difference in hormonal profiles were found leading to the conclusion that there is no endocrine basis for breast engorgement in non-breast feeding women.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin-like immunoreactivity during the latter half of the cycle in women using intrauterine contraception.

In a cross-sectional study, the serum levels of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PSBG), hCG, human LH, and progesterone were measured by RIAs during 94 mid or late luteal phases of 69 women using oral contraceptives. Subsequent spontaneous menstruation took place in every cycle. None of the women using oral contraceptives had any PSBG or hCG-like immunoreactivity in serum. In women with intrauterine devices, PSBG was found in six cycles (6.4%) and hCG-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in one cycle only, where PSBG also was present. In two out of six PSBG-positive cycles, menstruation was delayed by 5 and 16 days. Although rare, the transient occurrence of trophoblastic antigens in women using intrauterine contraception is taken as evidence for an occult pregnancy in these apparently infertile cycles.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1978

The relationship of changes in serum estradiol and progesterone during the menstrual cycle to the thyrotropin and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

The responses of serum TSH and PRL to TRH (500 microgram) were studied in normal young women in the early follicular, periovulatory, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle in order to examine the relationship of these responses to the levels of estradiol relationship of these responses to the levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone. Each woman was studied twice in each phase in order to assess intraindividual variability. There was no significant difference in either the TSH or PRL responses among the phases of the menstrual cycle nor was either response affected by the periovulatory rise in E2 or by the luteal rise in both E2 and progesterone. Thus, the interpretation of the TSH and PRL responses to TRH in normal women is not affected by the menstrual cycle although both responses are greater in women that in men. Both the peak TSH and peak PRL after TRH were highly correlated with the basal levels of TSH (r = 0.85; P less than 0.01) and PRL (r = 0.67; P less than 0.01), respectively, indicating that the TSH and PRL responses to TRH in women are directly proportionate to the basal levels of the respective hormones, as previously shown for the TSH response in men. The mean intraindividual variability (coefficient of variation) of the TSH response to TRH was 18%, but ranged as high as 56%, while that of the PRL response was 16% and ranged up to 31%; variability was not affected by the phase of the menstrual cycle. The normal range of the peak TSH after TRH in women is 7-33 microU/ml (mean +/- 2 SD); however, because of the variability, a normal woman may sometimes have a peak TSH after TRH as low as 4 microU/ml. Repeating the test will result in a normal value if the woman is truly normal. Similarly, the normal peak PRL after TRH in women is 22-111 ng/ml (mean +/- 2 SD); usually, however, the lower limit is 30 ng/ml with lower values due to intraindividual variation. The data suggest that the higher average level of E2 in women compared to women, but that the cyclic changes in serum E2 or progesterone in women have little or no additional effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Failure of estrogen-induced discharge of luteinizing hormone in lactating women.

Pituitary-ovarian relationships were studied in seven lactating women by measuring the basal plasma concentrations of pituitary and ovarian hormones and their responses to an estrogen provocation test at 7, 30, and 100 days after delivery. The results were compared to a similar group of seven women who did not breast feed. The first ovulation occurred in five of the nonlactating women beteen 43-87 days after delivery, as judged by the urinary excretion of total estrogen and pregnanediol. In all lactating women, ovarian cyclicity was suppressed for at least 150 days after delivery or until weaning. The basal concentration of PRL in lactating women was significantly higher than in the nonlactating women at all three times measured. At 30 and 100 days, the concentration of estradiol was significantly lower in the lactating women, although the basal concentrations of FSH were similar in the two groups. After an injection of 1 mg estradiol benzoate, the concentrations of FSH and LH in plasma were suppressed to a greater extent in lactating than in nonlactating women. In addition, fewer of the lactating group (one of seven and none of seven at 30 and 100 days, respectively) than the nonlactating group (two of seven and five of seven) subsequently showed a rise in the concentration of LH 58--96 h after the estrogen injection (positive feedback). These results suggest that during lactation the hypothalamic-pituitary system is more sensitive to the negative feedback and relatively insensitive to the positive feedback of estrogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Estrogen and progestin regulation of the progesterone receptor concentration in human endometrium.

The concentration of the progesterone receptor (PR), both cytosol and nuclear, has been measured in the endometrium of 31 normal menstruating women during the 2 phases of their menstrual cycle and compared with the plasma 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone concentrations. There was no relationship between PR concentrations and the plasma steroid levels when the 2 phases of the cycle were considered; however, a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.70; P less than 0.005) was observed between PR concentration and plasma 17 beta-estradiol when only the follicular phase was considered. PR was then measured in the endometrium of 14 postmenopausal patients treated with ethinylestradiol at increasing doses with or without association of chlormadinone acetate. Ethinylestradiol was shown to increase PR concentration (P less than 0.05), and chlormadinone acetate was found to prevent this increase. These data suggest that in humans, as in other mammalian species, the endometrial PR concentration is under estrogen and progestin control.

Chlormadinone Acetate↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of cyclic AMP and Ca++ on steroidogenesis by rat adrenal mitochondrial fraction. Studies on the mechanism of ACTH action (I) (author's transl)].

Despite the accumulation of a number of studies, the mechanism of action of ACTH remains to be clarified. Although it is now clear that cyclic AMP acts as a intracellular mediator of ACTH action, the mechanism of its action on the stimulation of steroidogenesis is not known. The present studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that cyclic AMP might act directly on adrenal mitochondrial fraction to stimulate the metabolism of cholesterol to pregnenolone and progesterone, and to determine whether Ca++ might modulate the action of cyclic AMP. Adrenal mitochondria were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with dexamethasone. Steroidogenesis by the mitochondrial fraction from cholesterol-4-14C (0.2-0.25 muCi, 3.6-4.5 mmumole/sample) were measured in a system containing 20 mM tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), 11.5 mM NaCl, 15.4 mM KCl, 70 mM sucrose, 10 mM sodium succinate and mitochondrial fraction (0.16-0.22 mg protein/sample). Incubations were performed at 37 degrees C, with shaking, in the presence or absence of cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and cycloheximide. After incubation, the medium was extracted with chloroform, and the extracts were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. And the radioactivity of the separated steroids was measured. The products from cholesterol-4-14C were mainly pregnenolone and progesterone, and the other products were almost negligible. Cyclic AMP effected the formation of pregnenolone and progesterone by mitochondria. Cyclic AMP exerted its effect even at low concentrations (5 X 10(-6) approximately 5 X 10(-5)M), which was presumably near the intracellular level. On the other hand, cyclic GMP (5 X 10(-5) M) failed to enhance steroidogenesis. The effect of Ca++ on the action of various concentrations (5 X 10(-6) approximately 3 X 10(-3) M) of cyclic AMP was also clearly demonstrated. Addition of Ca++ (1 mM) to the incubation medium intensified the stimulatory effect of cyclic AMP in each concentration. And in the presence of Ca++, the most effective level of cyclic AMP was shifted from 5 X 10(-4) approximately 3 X 10(-3)M to the lower concentration (5 X 10(-5)M). In addition, cyclic AMP action was modified by the changes in the concentration of Ca++ in the medium. At concentration of 10(-6) M of Ca++, steroid formation of mitochondria was maximally activated by cyclic AMP. These observations suggest that cyclic AMP enhances steroidogenesis by acting directly on adrenal mitochondria to stimulate pregnenolone and progesterone formation from cholesterol, and that Ca++ plays a significant role in its action.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1977

Influence of LH/FSH releasing hormone (LRH) on the basal secretion of gonadotrophins in relation to plasma levels of oestradiol, progesterone and prolactin during the post-partum period in lactating and in non-lactating women.

The pituitary responsiveness to LH/FSH releasing hormone (LRH) was studied in the puerperium in lactating and in non-lactating women. The response of both groups of patients to 25 mug LRH iv was tested 8-10 days, 15-17 days, and 29-32 days after a normal delivery at full term. The basal levels of FSH were low during the first 10 days after delivery. A rise was then observed, and about 4 weeks after delivery levels above or in the upper normal range of a normal follicular phase were recorded. The levels were significantly higher in the lactating group. When compared with the normal follicular phase, the relative increase in FSH basal levels was higher than the increase in LH basal levels in both groups of patients. The period of non-responsiveness of the pituitary to LRH was found to be of equal length in the two groups. In both groups the FSH response returned more rapidly than the LH response. About 2 weeks after delivery a reverse pattern of gonadotrophin response to LRH was seen with a FSH response that was greater than the LH response compared with what is generally observed in the various phases of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrhoeic women. This pattern was more pronounced in the lactating group about 4 weeks after delivery. Oestradiol levels were low and roughly equal on the three test occasions in each group, but in the non-lactating group there was a tendency to higher concentrations. Prolactin levels were highest about one week after delivery and then showed a tendency to decrease, and this was more pronounced in the non-lactating group. Progesterone levels were invariably low in both groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary gonadotrophin secretion during the first weeks of pregnancy.

A longitudinal study of basal plasma LH and FSH and their responses to 25 microng LRH iv as well as basal levels of oestradiol, progesterone, prolatin and HCG was performed every week in 3 women, pregnant after heterologous insemination, from conception until the 6th week of gestation. A comparative study was carried out in 7 women in cycles in which no conception occurred after insemination. All hormones were assayed with radioimmunoassay. LH was measured with a specific assay for native HL, which did not cross-react with HCG. A decrease in basal levels of LH and FSH as well as decreasing responses to LRH was found during the first 2 weeks of gestation. These changes did not differ from what was observed during the luteal phase in the non-conception cycles. One week later the basal FSH levels and the FSH response in the pregnant women showed a further decrease, while in the non-pregnant women, now reaching the early follicular phase, a rise in FSH basal levels occurred. The basal levels of LH and the LH response, however, did not differ from that found in the non-pregnant woment at this time. FSH basal levels remained below the lower normal limit in eumenorrhoic women from the 3rd week of gestation. By this time the FSH response was almost completely inhibited. The LH basal levels, however, remained above the lower normal limit in eumenorrhoic women, but the LH response to LRH progressively decrease and was completely inhibited by the 5th week of gestation. In the non-conception cycles the LH response varied with the levels of oestradiol in plasma. This was not found in the pregnant women as the decrease in gonadotrophin response occurred while oestradiol remained at mid-cycle levels during the first 4 weeks of gestation. Rather it seems that the increasing and continuously elevated level of progesterone, in the presence of appropriate levels of oestradiol, might be the main go nadal steroid responsible for the diminishing pituitary secretion. The contribution of HCG to the further decrease in gonadotrophin secretion after the 2nd week of pregnancy cannot be answered by the present studies. Prolactin remained at non-pregnant levels until the 6th week of gestation, and appeared to have no influence on the secretion of gonadotrophins during early pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Steroid and prostaglandin concentrations in the plasma of pregnant ewes during infusion of adrenocorticotrophin or dexamethasone to intact or hypophysectomized foetuses.

Catheters were implanted into 16 ewes and their foetuses between days 110 and 124 of gestation. Hypophysectomy was attempted in eight of these foetuses. Continuous infusion of synthetic ACTH (10 microgram/h) or dexamethasone (1mg/24 h) into the foetus, starting between days 124 and 129, induced premature parturition. The concentration of progesterone in the maternal peripheral plasma decreased before parturition in all animals while the level of oestradiol increased in ewes with intact foetuses or in those in which hypophysectomy was incomplete. When hypophysectomy was complete, no increase in the maternal level of oestradiol occurred before delivery. The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2alpha increased in the peripheral plasma of ewes with intact or hypophysectomized foetuses infused with ACTH. It is suggested that an intact foetal pituitary gland is required for the rise in the level of oestrogen prepartum, but that this rise is not essential for increased prostaglandin production of parturition.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

Cyclic fluctuation in noradrenaline transmitter of the monkey oviduct.

Cyclic variations in noradrenaline of the sympathetic nerves ("short adrenergic neurons") innervating the smooth musculature of the oviduct have been determined by fluorescence histochemistry and fluorometric measurements in monkeys (Macaca mulatta). During the secretory phase there is more than twice as much neuronal noradrenaline in the oviduct compared with the proliferative phase. This suggests, that the system of adrenergic nerves in the primate oviduct is involved in the motility changes associated with alterations in the level of endogenous estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Uterine and ovarian estrogen receptor levels in climacteric women.

High affinity cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in the endometrium, myometrium and ovary of 15 climacteric women were studied. In addition, the concurrent serum estradiol and progesterone level of each woman was estimated and the endometrium examined histologically. The cytoplasmic estrogen receptor level of the endometrium and myometrium had remained extremely high in some cases several years after the menopause and in the presence of a completely atrophied endometrium. The lowest endometrial and myometrial estrogen receptor levels in pre-menopausal women were measured towards the end of the menstrual cycle. The eodometrial estrogen receptor level was roughly 2--3 times the comparable myometrial level. Estrogen receptors were also encountered in all cases in the cervical myometrium. The estrogen receptor levels of the ovary were low in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Effects of lead administered during pregnancy to C57B1 mice].

Treatment of female mice with high doses of lead from different times of the gestation, induces abortion or retardation of growth of the embryos. When it is given from birth, it provokes important mortality in the youngs and a retardation of the postnatal growth. In most cases, lead administered from the first day of gestation delays slightly the development of the embryo and inhibits its implantation. It seems that a deficiency in the plasmatic progesterone levels is directly implied in this inhibition.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗