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PubMed1991

A computer program designed for the analysis of data from rat caries studies.

The Keyes method for scoring dental caries in the rat animal model has been used as the basis for a computer-assisted scoring system on the Apple Macintosh personal computer that is described here. The program provides the ability to draw on diagrams of the rat molar dentition and to enter enamel lesion scores (L, E) and dentinal lesion scores (Ds, Dm, and Dx) for all aspects of the molars. The scores and drawings may be changed at any time. Total carious teeth and totals of L, E, Ds, Dm, and Dx are automatically calculated and presented upon user command. Error trapping for typographical errors is provided. In addition, the program provides automatic storage of the collected information, searching and sorting on any of the experimental parameters and on-disk help files that can be accessed from any place within the program. The capacity to obtain printed copy of any or all of the stored information is provided in the program. The program also enables the creation of external data files containing totals for carious teeth, in addition to L, E, Ds, Dm, and Dx totals for each animal of each group represented in the data base. These files are suitable for the transfer of data to commercially available programs for graphical and statistical analyses. The programming technique we describe could be extended to other model systems with standardized scoring for oral disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A syntax program designed to present base linguistic structures to language-disordered children.

An intervention strategy for teaching syntax to language-disordered children is described, and the results of its use in a controlled study with 11 children are reported. The therapy program attempts to move the child from single words through a series of successive approximations to use of the construct noun + "is" + verbing + noun, incorporating auditory directions and visual stimuli in the form of cards and boards upon which the cards are sequentially ordered. The results of the experimental group who participated in this therapeutic sequence were compared to those of 11 control subjects and suggested significant gains as measured by the pre- to postprogram performance (t = 2.31, p 0.05). Advantages and limitations of this type of intervention strategy are also discussed.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1991

Stress management: a program designed to facilitate coping.

1. Continual exposure to work-related stressors compounds nurses' workloads, increases their stress levels, and places increased demands on their abilities to adapt. 2. Nurses need to learn and routinely use coping measures to prevent exhaustion and burnout. 3. An in-house stress management program can help nurses learn to cope with constant exposure to work-related stressors, halt the cyclic process of stress, prevent burnout, and decrease turnover.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[Computer diagnosis of gastric dysplasia and program design].

Two step processes were taken in computer diagnosis of gastric dysplasia. 1. 5 measurement values of dysplastic glandular tube obtained by using image analysis system were taken as the basis for judging the degree of dysplasia. Three glandular tubes of dysplasia were measured in each case. 2. Computer pathology diagnostic program using BASIC language ran in IBM computer. 5 parameters were input into computer for three stage-diagnosis. The first stage: 5 parameters were counted basing on three models to obtain three values which reflected the objective feature of the same glandular tube from different aspects. The second stage: diagnosis of a dysplastic glandular tube was obtained depending on the three values judged synthetically. Variate 'N' was introduced for controlling the first and second stage diagnosis of the three glandular tubes. The third stage diagnosis started as soon as N = 3. The third stage: diagnostic values of three glandular tubes were balanced and analysed depending on diagnostic criteria to reach the final diagnosis.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2025

Building a Digital Health Research Platform to Enable Recruitment, Enrollment, Data Collection, and Follow-Up for a Highly Diverse Longitudinal US Cohort of 1 Million People in the All of Us Research Program: Design and Implementation Study.

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal cohort studies have traditionally relied on clinic-based recruitment models, which limit cohort diversity and the generalizability of research outcomes. Digital research platforms can be used to increase participant access, improve study engagement, streamline data collection, and increase data quality; however, the efficacy and sustainability of digitally enabled studies rely heavily on the design, implementation, and management of the digital platform being used. OBJECTIVE: We sought to design and build a secure, privacy-preserving, validated, participant-centric digital health research platform (DHRP) to recruit and enroll participants, collect multimodal data, and engage participants from diverse backgrounds in the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) All of Us Research Program (AOU). AOU is an ongoing national, multiyear study aimed to build a research cohort of 1 million participants that reflects the diversity of the United States, including minority, health-disparate, and other populations underrepresented in biomedical research (UBR). METHODS: We collaborated with community members, health care provider organizations (HPOs), and NIH leadership to design, build, and validate a secure, feature-rich digital platform to facilitate multisite, hybrid, and remote study participation and multimodal data collection in AOU. Participants were recruited by in-person, print, and online digital campaigns. Participants securely accessed the DHRP via web and mobile apps, either independently or with research staff support. The participant-facing tool facilitated electronic informed consent (eConsent), multisource data collection (eg, surveys, genomic results, wearables, and electronic health records [EHRs]), and ongoing participant engagement. We also built tools for research staff to conduct remote participant support, study workflow management, participant tracking, data analytics, data harmonization, and data management. RESULTS: We built a secure, participant-centric DHRP with engaging functionality used to recruit, engage, and collect data from 705,719 diverse participants throughout the United States. As of April 2024, 87% (n=613,976) of the participants enrolled via the platform were from UBR groups, including racial and ethnic minorities (n=282,429, 46%), rural dwelling individuals (n=49,118, 8%), those over the age of 65 years (n=190,333, 31%), and individuals with low socioeconomic status (n=122,795, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: We built a participant-centric digital platform with tools to enable engagement with individuals from different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds and other UBR groups. This DHRP demonstrated successful use among diverse participants. These findings could be used as best practices for the effective use of digital platforms to build and sustain cohorts of various study designs and increase engagement with diverse populations in health research.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress management: a program designed to facilitate coping.

Continual exposure to work-related stressors compounds nurses' workloads, increases their stress levels, and places increased demands on their abilities to adapt. Nurses need to learn and routinely use coping measures to prevent exhaustion and burnout. This article describes the assessment, plan, implementation, and evaluation of an in-house stress management continuing education program to aid staff members in halting the cyclic process of stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Hospital-based case management for medically fragile infants: program design.

A hospital-based multidisciplinary team is demonstrating services for medically fragile infants which facilitate transition from the hospital to the community and home. The team provides education and counseling for communities and families to overcome barriers to services. With individualized case management, the team facilitates family access to the community services they need in infant health, infant development and family functioning. The team plans the infant's discharge from the hospital and collaborates on the initial Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) with the family and local community providers. The initial IFSP details potential outcomes in the areas of infant health, infant development and family functioning for the first year the infant is home. Systematic home visits with the team's nurse or developmental consultant, the family and the local provider continue the education and counseling process during the infant's first year of life. This describes the educational aspect of case management services for medically fragile infants.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1978

An incentive program designed to develop and reward clinical competence.

A conceptual model is presented for establishing a salary and classification plan which structures a separate career pathway for staff nurses and provides an economic incentive for incrementally achieving higher excellence as a staff practitioner. The plan establishes standard or behavioral norms for four discrete practice levels and systematically measures the content of both line and staff positions to determine their relative difficulty. Consequently equitable salary relationships are made available for all nursing activity, while simultaneously assuring a congruent and competitive posture in the health care community.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1989

Containing mental health treatment costs through program design: a Massachusetts study.

A single site pre-post study of seriously mentally ill patients treated in a public mental health system shows that annual treatment costs can be substantially reduced with the use of day hospital treatment. Two cohorts of psychiatric patients--282 consecutive admissions to a traditional public inpatient unit in 1980, and 340 consecutive admissions to a combination of inpatient and day hospital care in 1984--were followed 12 months after admission. The substitution of the day hospital is made possible because the facility provided a dormitory residence for those who could not go home at night. Cost savings per hospital episode are about 31 per cent when the additional costs of day hospital and residence are considered. Cost shifting from inpatient to residential sites is noted, but overall mean annual costs, when all other treatment (including additional admissions), residential and family costs were included, are reduced. Readmission rates did not rise. The generalizability of the findings is limited to public mental health centers and state hospitals.

Adult↗