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PubMedDate not supplied

Management development of the head nurse: the program and evaluation of the program.

The purpose of continuing education is to build upon nurses' educational and experiential basis for the enhancement of their practice, administration, education or research, to the end of maintaining and improving the public's health. Continuing education evaluations traditionally have been formative and summative, determining the participants' perceptions and opinions about continuing education offerings or immediate assessment of changes in knowledge and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nurses who attended a management development continuing education program had greater cognitive knowledge and were able to implement management models and theories into their practice following the program. The program was three to four days, depending on the size of the facility. Ten different Veterans Administration medical centers participated in the programs. The investigator sent questionnaires to 191 nurse managers who had attended a Southwestern Regional Medical Education Center continuing education program. Responses from 111 managers were received. The data analysis indicates a high correlation between theories presented and theories/models implemented in management practice. In addition, data indicate that nurse managers who were able to apply theory in a practical manner felt this was due primarily to the continuing education program. A model for the development of the new nurse manager (Sheridan, Bronstein, & Walker, 1984) was used in planning the program, and the Stake countenance model (Stake, 1973) was used in evaluating the program.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of an Alaskan streptococcal control program: importance of the program's intensity and duration.

Prospective follow-up information from the throat culturing results of 1,653 Eskimo children in 12 Alaskan villages was used to evaluate the effect of duration and intensity of a streptococcal control program begun in 1971 while controlling for several other risk factors related to streptococcal colonization. Relative risks of colonization for each of the subsequent study years relative to the first year indicate that the risk of colonization decreased over the duration of the study by 42% in Year 2 to 55% in Year 4 (P less than 0.0001). Cost-cutting measures such as lengthening the time interval between routine throat cultures led to a 37% increase in the risk of colonization (P = 0.0002). A comparison of the number of cases of acute rheumatic fever during the 5-year period before the streptococcal control program with the number of cases during the 5-year program period showed that cases in villages with the program decreased from 11 to 0. In a similar group of comparison villages without the program, the number of cases decreased from 7 to 4. A benefit-cost study of the program indicates that benefit exceeds cost. These findings and the changes in the carriage of streptococcal organisms during the control program underscore the importance of such long-term programs with regularly scheduled culturing in high-risk populations of children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Subacute brain injury rehabilitation: a program description and a study of staff program evaluation.

The concept of continuity of care is introduced and briefly discussed. Three aspects of subacute rehabilitation of patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) are discussed: the need for differentiated treatment programs, for team integration and emphasis on environmental or milieu factors to accomplish treatment success. The so called Wing Team Model at the TBI Unit at Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital is described. In our program the patients are divided in three groups: the North Wing Program, for slow to recover patients, the East Wing program for patients with severe sequelae after TBI and the South Wing Program for ambulatory patients mainly with cognitive sequelae. A questionnaire study of how staff members evaluate certain aspects of the program is presented. The study indicates that the staff members have in general a positive attitude towards the treatment model, but they wish an improved team coordination of the individual programs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Formal intervention in employee health: comparisons of the nature and structure of employee assistance programs and health promotion programs.

Health promotion programs (HPP) and employee assistance programs (EAP) are compared in terms of their structure and process. Two common themes are extracted: a belief that both are beneficial to both employers and employees, and a sense of 'mission'. The technology of HPP and EAP are examined and compared. EAPs' stimulation from Federal funding is contrasted with the more indigenous roots of HPPs. Examination of empirical data comparing organizations with EAPs which have and have not adopted HPPs indicate the former tend to be somewhat more 'caring' toward employees. An examination of program ingredients indicates much greater commonality of structural and processual ingredients within EAPs as compared to HPPs. The extent to which each program type has become more 'populist' in orientation and the implications of these changes for program technology are considered. Finally the paper describes differences in program evaluation stemming from target group definitions in the two types of programs.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1987

The effects of program duration on continuance in a behavioral weight loss program.

This study investigated the effects of weight loss program duration on treatment continuance and weight loss. Subjects were assigned to either a 12 or 8 week program. Subjects in the eight week program (n = 74) had a lower dropout rate than those in the 12 week program (n = 52); weight loss at treatment termination and six month follow-up was equivalent for completers of the two programs. Results suggest that a reduction in weight loss program duration may be a practical way to reduce dropout rates and program costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The SEQANAL and SEQTALK programs: a new method of access to high-resolution nucleotide sequence comparison and analysis programs from a remote laboratory mini- or microcomputer.

A new method of access has been devised for biologists requiring the use of computer programs offering high-resolution analysis and comparison of nucleotide sequence data. The strategy involves the development of a pair of computer programs, called SEQANAL and SEQTALK, designed to operate in tandem. SEQANAL is a large and complex program intended to be used to discover regions of internal repeats and dyad symmetries within one sequence, or regions of homology, complementarity or optimal alignment between two sequences. Three algorithms are supported: those of Staden (1977, 1978); of Korn et al. (1977); Queen and Korn (1980); and the newly-described exhaustive tree-searching algorithm of Burnett et al. (1985, 1986). The SEQTALK program is a small, portable, interactive, front-end program with which the user can specify the instructions to control the SEQANAL program. Together, the SEQANAL and SEQTALK programs permit analyses to be performed at a remote facility on a mainframe computer under the complete control of a distant user equipped with minimal computing facilities, and without needing networking facilities.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Beyond model programs: evaluation of a countywide system of residential treatment programs.

Assessing deinstitutionalization as a social policy requires examining a system of programs rather than single, "model" services. The authors report an evaluation of 19 residential treatment programs in Hennepin County, Minnesota, that provide three different levels of care (intensive, transitional, and supportive) for mentally ill clients. Data on client characteristics, program outcomes, and hospitalization costs were collected in two study periods between 1980 and 1985. The results showed that the programs served three distinct client subpopulations that differed in recidivism, vocational status, discharge setting, and costs according to the type of program. Clients in all programs made substantial gains in community integration, and as a group the programs were cost-effective.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1992

A collaborative effort between a state migrant health program and a baccalaureate nursing program.

This article reports on the way in which a unique collaborative effort between a service agency and a baccalaureate nursing program grew out of the needs of the two separate agencies. The first agency, the Colorado Migrant Health Program, was faced with a budget that was inadequate to meet the health-care needs of the migrant population. The second, a baccalaureate nursing program at the University of Colorado, was finding it increasingly difficult to locate appropriate generalized community health clinical placements with an opportunity for student discovery learning related to transcultural health care. Discussions of a collaborative effort ensued and it became evident that each had something to gain from such an effort. Now, after almost 10 years of cooperation, the commitment to the endeavor on the part of both agencies remains strong as the benefits to each continue to increase. The ultimate beneficiaries, however, are the migrant families receiving care and the students providing care. The way in which the program has evolved over time, a description of the current program, and a discussion of the resources that help to maintain the program are presented. In addition, the curriculum course design, and teaching strategy modifications necessary to facilitate the collaborative program are discussed.

Colorado↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes of program directors toward women in pediatric dentistry training programs.

The number of women entering pediatric dentistry graduate programs is increasing. A formal survey was conducted in the fall of 1990 to determine what impact, if any, this increase is having on the programs. The survey sample consisted of the 57 pediatric dentistry graduate program directors from the United States and Canada. The survey form included program data about gender distribution in the current and previous classes, and female faculty distribution within the programs. The survey requested information about the attitudes of various groups of individuals who interacted with the residents relative to the gender of the resident and again, relative to whether the resident was pregnant. Inquiry was made concerning maternity leave policies and selected treatment scenarios involving pregnant residents. Finally, questions were asked about motivational factors, personal priorities, and policy change for female vs. male residents. Fifty forms were returned for a return rate of 88%. The 48 forms analyzed revealed that 52% of current classes are female and 51% of applicants for 1991 were female. Women comprise 23% of full-time and 26% of part-time faculty. There was no single issue perceived by program directors as a group to be a significant concern or problem relating to gender. Program directors would consider removing pregnant females from contact with combative patients (83%) and environmental hazards (85%), but fewer would consider removing them from contact with for HIV+ or Hb+ patients.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using linked program and birth records to evaluate coverage and targeting in Tennessee's WIC program.

Public health nutrition programs are intended to serve low-income families who are at greater nutritional risk than the general population. Not all persons who are program-eligible are at equal risk, however. It would be desirable to evaluate a program's ability to enroll persons from higher risk backgrounds in the population (coverage) and, conversely, the extent to which those enrolled in this program are at higher risk (targeting). A method for the evaluation of coverage and targeting was developed using data from the Tennessee Women, Infants, and Children Special Supplemental Food Program (WIC) linked with birth certificates. The linked computer file was created by matching the name and date of birth in both record files. The birth records were the common source of information used to characterize the risk background for both the WIC and non-WIC participants. Maternal sociodemographic information on the birth records was used to define the health risk background of each child. The coverage and targeting of "at-risk" children were computed and compared for 50 counties or county-aggregates in Tennessee. Considerable variation in the coverage and targeting rates of at-risk children was observed among Tennessee counties, although the counties within each WIC administrative region tended to have similar coverage and targeting patterns. Using the existing data in linked program and vital records provides a direct evaluation of a program. Coverage and targeting evaluation can be used to detect underserved populations within small geographic areas.

Birth Certificates↗
PubMed1990

Marketing cardiovascular disease risk reduction programs at the workplace. The Pawtucket Heart Health Program experience.

The workplace offers a unique setting in which to offer CVD risk reduction programs. Marketing these programs involves at least two distinct processes. First, a corporation must agree to accept and support workplace health programming. Second, workplace programs must be effectively marketed to eligible employees, dependents, and retirees. After identifying critical barriers to the effective marketing of workplace programs, a stepwise approach used by the Pawtucket Heart Health Program to successfully overcome these obstacles is used. Using real world examples and practical tips, a discussion of implications for marketing future programs to the corporate and employee audience is shared.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steve Fonyo Cancer Prevention Program: description of an innovative program.

The Steve Fonyo Cancer Prevention Program (SFCPP) was a demonstration project of community-based education strategies designed to increase behaviours which will result in reduced cancer deaths, and to assess the feasibility of the involvement of a provincial cancer agency in the delivery of community-based prevention programs. Using primarily two different strategies, the SFCPP attempted to influence people to choose healthy lifestyles which would reduce their risk of getting cancer and to practice those behaviours which would increase early detection. The health unit intervention component consisted of risk assessment, personalized feedback and an invitation to appropriate health education programs delivered by a nurse. The community-based component involved community members in the planning and delivery of cancer prevention programs. The program began in four small cities (combined population 165,000) in early 1987. A baseline survey was done prior to implementation to facilitate evaluation. The purpose of this article is to describe the planning and implementation of the Steve Fonyo Cancer Prevention Program.

Alberta↗
PubMed1991

Efficient computation of three-dimensional protein structures in solution from nuclear magnetic resonance data using the program DIANA and the supporting programs CALIBA, HABAS and GLOMSA.

A novel procedure for efficient computation of three-dimensional protein structures from nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) data in solution is described, which is based on using the program DIANA in combination with the supporting programs CALIBA, HABAS and GLOMSA. The first part of this paper describes the new programs DIANA. CALIBA and GLOMSA. DIANA is a new, fully vectorized implementation of the variable target function algorithm for the computation of protein structures from n.m.r. data. Its main advantages, when compared to previously available programs using the variable target function algorithm, are a significant reduction of the computation time, and a novel treatment of experimental distance constraints involving diastereotopic groups of hydrogen atoms that were not individually assigned. CALIBA converts the measured nuclear Overhauser effects into upper distance limits and thus prepares the input for the previously described program HABAS and for DIANA. GLOMSA is used for obtaining individual assignments for pairs of diastereotopic substituents by comparison of the experimental constraints with preliminary results of the structure calculations. With its general outlay, the presently used combination of the four programs is particularly user-friendly. In the second part of the paper, initial results are presented on the influence of the novel DIANA treatment of diastereotopic protons on the quality of the structures obtained, and a systematic study of the central processing unit times needed for the same protein structure calculation on a range of different, commonly available computers is described.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Theory and delivery of health programming in the community: the Pawtucket Heart Health Program.

The Pawtucket Heart Health Program is one of the community studies examining whether population-based efforts to lower cardiovascular risk factors will reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The Pawtucket Heart Health Program intervention is based on a blend of social learning theory, community organization models, community psychology tenets, and diffusion research. This model allows for multifaceted programs that target individuals, groups, organizations, and the entire community to alter their cardiovascular risk through managing blood pressure, lowering blood cholesterol, quitting smoking, increasing fitness, and maintaining desirable weight levels. A dominant feature of the intervention is the emphasis that it places on volunteers for program delivery. The role of volunteers in providing direct services to help citizens lower their blood pressure and lose weight is highlighted to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of these services. In addition, church-based programming which utilizes volunteers to manage and direct programs is also presented as an example of community-based health promotion efforts that promote collective efficacy.

Adolescent↗