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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

In vitro and in vivo effects of promethazine (Phenergan) on drug metabolism.

Prolongation effects of promethazine on the pentobarbital sleeping time are not due to interactions of this drug with cytochrome P-450 or cytochrome c reductase or inhibition of drug metabolism because pentobarbital plasma levels in promethazine treated animals before awakening are not different than in controls. Results suggest additive effects of both drugs on the central nervous system. Those interactions do however play a role during in vitro studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of promazine and promethazine by ferric perchlorate.

The equilibrium constants, kinetics, and mechanism of promazine and promethazine oxidation by ferric perchlorate were investigated at different temperatures and acidities using a stopped-flow spectrophotometric technique. The overall reaction can be represented as follows: (formula: see text) where P+ represents the radical cation corresponding to the phenothiazine derivative. The equilibrium quotients were evaluated at 1.00 M HClO4, 25.0 degrees, and ionic strength 1.0 M. The kinetics of reaction follow the equation: -d[P] divided by dt = k1[Fe3+][P]-k-1[Fe2+][P+] The rate constants k1 and k-1 are independent of acidity and are related to the corresponding equilibrium quotients.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

Scanning electron-microscope studies of the endothelium of aortic allografts in the rabbit: effect of azathioprine, prednisolone and promethazine on early cellular invasion.

Aortic allografts in rabbits were observed by scanning electron microscopy 24 hr after transplantation. The extent of the leucocytic invasion could be precisely and reproducibly measured. Azathioprine and prednisolone, whether alone or in combination, given on three occasions--10 hr before, immediately after and again 10 hr after surgery, significantly inhibited the cellular invasion. Promethazine produced a slight, but not statistically significant, effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Promethazine hydrochloride: use in patients with Rh isoimmunization.

Twenty-two babies born to 21 mothers were treated prenatally for varying periods of time with promethazine hydrochloride in doses of 150 mg. per day. Seven of the 22 babies required intrauterine transfusions. With the exception of positive clinical impressions in some cases, specific ameliorating effects of the drug in this group could not be demonstrated.

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of avidin in the chick oviduct by tissue damage. Effect of promethazine chloride, CaCl2 and hydrocortisone on local induction.

The local effect of the mechanical induction of avidin by ligature was studied in diethylstilbestrol-primed chicks. The highest induction of avidin was always found in the immediate vicinity of the silk ligature of the oviduct. The locality of the induction was highly dependent on the position of the ligature. The nonligated parts of the ligated oviduct also showed a slight avidin induction. These results indicate a strictly local effect of avidin induction by ligature. An antihistamine, promethazine chloride, has a potentiating effect on the avidin induction by ligature when administered after the ligature. On the other hand, membrane stabilization by hydrocortisone or CaCl2 did not influence the ligature-induced avidin synthesis. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the avidin induction is not mediated by histamine activation or membrane damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of drug concentration on the thermal (dark) degradation of promethazin hydrochloride in aqueous solution.

The thermal (dark) degradation of promethazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution presents a complex kinetic picture. The process is oxygen dependent and is modified by EDTA. In citrate buffer, pH 4.0, ionic strength 0.5M, containing 0.1% EDTA, the thermal degradation at 90 degrees can be fitted to first order rate plots at drug concentrations up to 1.56 x 10.27 (0.5%) and to zero order rate plots at drug concentrations greater than 9.35 x 10.2M (3.0%). At intermediate concentrations no simple equation can describe the data. These effects have been correlated with the formation of drug micelles and the rate date have been interpreted on the basis of a first order monomer process and a half order micellar process occurring simultaneously.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1975

The metabolism of chlorpromazine and promethazine to give new 'pink spots'.

1. The 'pink spots' observed in the in vivo and in vitro metabolism of chlorpromazine and promethazine were identified as N-oxidation products of 2-chlorophenothiazine and phenothizaine,, respectively. 2. Incubations of the latter two compounds with fortified hepatic fractions from rabbit and guinea-pig gave the corresponding hydroxylamines, the nitroxides which were purplish-pink and gave characteristic e.s.r. signals, and the N-hydroperoxides which were the major pink compounds and gave no e.s.r. signals. Each hydroxylamine was readily oxidized to an N-hydroperoxide in air and the latter readily reduced back in solution to the corresponding hydroxylamine by ascorbic acid. 3. The synthesis, chemical properties and the i.r., u.v., n.m.r., e.s.r., and mass spectra of the above compounds, their sulphoxides and phenothiazine-N-peroxides are reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacological immunosuppression in clinical organ grafting. Observations on four agents: cyclosporin A, Asta 5122 (cytimun), lambda carrageenan and promethazine hydrochloride.

In this article I have attempted to summarize experiments on four agents investigated for immunosuppressive activity in experimental and clinical organ grafting. The difficulty of finding a suitable laboratory model relevant to man has been demonstrated in this experience. A cyclophosphamide-derivative, Asta-5122 (cytimun), has only a marginally superior immunosuppressive activity in a dog with a renal allograft compared with cyclophosphamide and is much inferior to azathioprine. This agent, however, appears to be valuable in clinical practice in patients with liver grafts. A combination of lambda carrageenan, promethazine hydrochloride and imuran has profound immunosuppressive activity in the same canine model, but proved to be both ineffective and potentially toxic in a limited trial in man. The fungal cyclic peptide, cyclosporin A, has been shown to be an extremely powerful immunosuppressive agent and remarkably non-toxic in dogs with renal allografts and pigs with orthotopic heart grafts. This agent is currently being investigated as an immunosuppressant in patients with organ grafts.

Adult↗