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PubMed2006

Radio frequency nonionizing radiation in a community exposed to radio and television broadcasting.

Exposure to radio frequency (RF) nonionizing radiation from telecommunications is pervasive in modern society. Elevated disease risks have been observed in some populations exposed to radio and television transmissions, although findings are inconsistent. This study quantified RF exposures among 280 residents living near the broadcasting transmitters for Denver, Colorado. RF power densities outside and inside each residence were obtained, and a global positioning system (GPS) identified geographic coordinates and elevations. A view-shed model within a geographic information system (GIS) characterized the average distance and percentage of transmitters visible from each residence. Data were collected at the beginning and end of a 2.5-day period, and some measurements were repeated 8-29 months later. RF levels logged at 1-min intervals for 2.5 days varied considerably among some homes and were quite similar among others. The greatest differences appeared among homes within 1 km of the transmitters. Overall, there were no differences in mean residential RF levels compared over 2.5 days. However, after a 1- to 2-year follow-up, only 25% of exterior and 38% of interior RF measurements were unchanged. Increasing proximity, elevation, and line-of-sight visibility were each associated with elevated RF exposures. At average distances from > 1-3 km, exterior RF measurements were 13-30 times greater among homes that had > 50% of the transmitters visible compared with homes with < or = 50% visibility at those distances. This study demonstrated that both spatial and temporal factors contribute to residential RF exposure and that GPS/GIS technologies can improve RF exposure assessment and reduce exposure misclassification.

Colorado↗
PubMed1985

Current problems of nonionizing radiation.

Electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range is the most common type of nonionizing radiation. The accelerated development in telecommunications and the introduction of power transmission lines, as well as glue drying and plastic heating in the wood and plastic industries, cause both occupational and nonoccupational systematic exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range. For the hygienic rating of radiowave exposure it is necessary to use biological models to evaluate, in depth, the mechanisms and effects of electromagnetic radiation. The ultra- and superhigh frequency range is the most active in causing biological responses. The high frequency range is less active. Physical characteristics (continuous and impulse) and the combined effect of the electromagnetic field with other factors, eg, elevated air temperature, etc, have an effect on biological responses.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Effect of nonionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the uvula in squirrel monkey cerebellum.

Pregnant squirrel monkeys were exposed to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at an equivalent power density of 10 mW/cm2 (SAR 3.4 mW/g) for three hours daily in a cavity-cage module. The exposure began when pregnancy was determined by a hormonal method, and continued through of offspring's first 9.5 months. After irradiation, the brain of the offspring were fixed with formaldehyde, and the inferior vermis of each cerebella was removed and processed for histologic observations. Purkinje cell density in the uvula was determined in sagittal serial section. There was no significant difference between control and experimental animals in the number of Purkinje cells per mm of Purkinje cell line (linear density), as well as in the density of Purkinje cells in the Purkinje cell layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of nonionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum.

In one experiment, Sprague Dawley rats (16-21 days of gestation) and their offspring were exposed to 100-MHz (CW) electromagnetic radiation at 46 mW/cm2 (SAR 2.77 mW/g) for 4 h/day for 97 days. In another experiment, the pregnant rats were irradiated daily from 17 to 21 days of gestation with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at 10 mW/cm2 (SAR 2 m W/G) for 21 h/day. In a third experiment, 6-day old rat pups were irradiated 7 h/day for five days with 2450-MHz radiation at 10 mW/cm2. Equal numbers of animals were sham irradiated in each group. Quantitative studies of Purkinje cells showed a significant and irreversible decrease in rats irradiated during fetal or fetal and early postnatal life. In animals exposed postnatally, and euthanized immediately after irradiation, significant decrease in the relative number of Purkinje cells was apparent. However, restoration apparently occurred after forty days of recovery.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Research on the neurological effects of nonionizing radiation at the University of Washington.

This paper reviews research on neurological effects of low-level microwave irradiation, which was performed at the University of Washington, during the decade of the 1980s. We studied in the rat the effects of microwave exposure on the actions of various psychoactive drugs, on the activity of cholinergic systems in the brain, and on the neural mechanisms involved. Our results indicate that endogenous opioids play an important mediating role in some of the neurological effects of microwaves, and that parameters of microwave exposure are important determinants of the outcome of the microwave effects.

Animals↗