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Results for “Retinal Perforations”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Pseudoretinitis pigmentosa secondary to preretinal malignant melanoma cells.

A 75-year-old white woman with a previously diagnosed malignant melanoma of the choroid presented with pseudoretinitis pigmentosa secondary to epiretinal pigmented cells. Histopathologic examination of the enucleated globe revealed that the retinal pigmentation was due to a preretinal membrane of spindle A malignant melanoma cells, which had been dispersed by the tumor. Scanning electron microscopy of the preretinal tumor cells revealed characteristics similar to those previously reported in tissue culture. The pigment dispersion was associated with retinal perforation by the melanoma, denoting an aggressive, growing tumor that should be treated rather than observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments caused by paravascular vitreoretinal traction.

We describe three cases of shallow posterior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment caused by tiny retinal tears. The clinical appearance of the detachments was very similar to that of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy or traction retinal detachment. However, the correct diagnosis was made by finding a tiny paravascular break. Vitrectomy without a thermal adhesion was successful in repairing the detachments.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Experimental retinal detachment. VI. The permeability of the blood-retinal barrier.

Fluorophotometry was used to study the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier in six monkeys with stable rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Fluorescein transport was inhibited by probenecid. The rate of fluorescein disappearance (KvVv) was determined following intravitreal injection. In a separate experiment the equilibrium vitreous-plasma concentration ratio (Cv/Cp) was determined following intraperitoneal administration. Expressed in equivalent volumes of vitreous, the rate of fluorescein diffusion across the blood-retinal barrier (K'vVvCv/Cp) was 0.29 microL/min in control eyes and 0.73 microL/min in detached eyes. The rate of fluid movement across the blood-retinal barrier (K'vVv) [1 - (Cv/Cp)] was 2.89 microL/min in control eyes and 6.38 microL/min in detached eyes. Posterior movement of fluid contributes to retinal apposition under normal conditions and accounts for the rapid resolution of retinal detachment following closure of the retinal hole.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Axial intensity distribution analysis of the human retina with a confocal scanning laser tomograph.

We have analysed the change of reflected light intensity along the optical axis or axial intensity distribution in images acquired with a confocal scanning laser tomographic system in human fundus examination. We hypothesized that confocal light detection units used in scanning laser tomographs register light originating from multiple layers within the human macula and that intraretinal structures might also be observable. To test this hypothesis we examined the axial intensity distribution in human maculas of normal volunteers, patients with cystic and other macular abnormalities and in an artificial retina in a plastic eye model. A total of over 140 patients and volunteers were examined. We analysed this distribution in 20 normal healthy volunteer eyes found the origin of the artifacts that cause retinal vessels to appear elevated. We examined four patients with cystic maculas and were able to detect the presence of two structures in axial direction contributing to the axial intensity distribution. A plastic eye model with a cellophane sheet covering a fluid pocket was developed to mimic the appearance of a large macular cyst. The axial intensity distribution analysis showed the presence of two distinct gaussian profiles. The results of this study show that confocal scanning laser tomographic imaging of the human fundus allows extraction of information regarding the axial position of intraretinal layers and that correction for the deeper retinal reflections may allow more precision in imaging of the retinal surface.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pressure changes in the eye due to an injection of inert gases: a theoretical model.

In the repair of retinal tears and detachments, the vitreous humor is often completely replaced with a temporary mixture of gases, one of which is not normally found in the bloodstream. The resulting bubble can then support the healing retina. There is diffusion of gases, however, from the bubble into the bloodstream and vice versa. This alters the intraocular pressure, with possible adverse consequences, as the intraocular pressure must be maintained within a certain range for the procedure to be successful. A simple model has been developed to predict the evolution of intraocular pressure over time, given a certain initial mixture of injected gases. This model could be useful in determining what mixture to use to support effectively and safely a healing retina.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1985

Rips of the retinal pigmentepithelium.

A rip or rupture of the detached retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with subsequent retraction of that layer is an often misdiagnosed affection of the posterior pole of the eye. The histologic appearance of this entity has to our knowledge not yet been published, but the fundus aspect and fluorescein angiography show that the focal absence of the pigmentepithelial layer is very likely. A rip is only seen in older age and it always appears in a detached RPE that often exists in combination with other features of a senile macular degeneration. Mostly the rip arises spontaneously but it may develop sometimes directly after laser coagulation of the detached RPE.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Joint application of hyperacuity perimetry and gap tests to assess visual function behind cataracts: initial trials.

We have developed two related clinical tests that offer potential in better assessing visual function behind an ocular opacity. The tests are resistant to the effects of opacities because they utilize a localization task (vernier acuity) rather than a resolution task. In this paper we report the initial trials in which we apply the two tests together. Results from six case studies (some with actual opacities and some with simulated opacities) illustrate both the conduct of the tests and their potential capabilities in detecting even very modest retinal dysfunction in the presence of opacities. These techniques offer considerable potential in the separation of a given acuity loss observed in the presence of cataract into a portion due to the opacity and a portion due to retinal dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Epivascular glia and paravascular holes in normal human retina.

We examined the retinal surface of 28 autopsy eyes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Glialike cells or their processes, arranged in rows, were observed along retinal vessels in 22 eyes. Additionally, there were clusters of glialike cells over retinal vessels in 8 eyes. These proliferations ranged from focal to extensive ones, the latter resulting in distinct preretinal membranes. Focal defects of the superficial retina along the vessel were noted in 6 of 28 eyes. Transmission electron microscopic study in 2 surgically enucleated eyes with normal retinae revealed epivascular retinal degeneration and thinning of Müller cells. Glial processes appeared to be covering the defect of the internal limiting membrane and some projections of these cells continued inwards. These findings were consistent with the SEM findings of epivascular glialike structure. Our conclusions are that epivascular glialike structures and paravascular surface defects appear as a common finding in normal senile eyes, and that occasionally membranous formations arise from the epivascular area.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Intraocular diathermy coagulation.

Previously used transvitreal diathermy systems were found to be less than adequate. A new, safer 1.25 MHz medium frequency bipolar instrument is presented, which obviates most of the earlier drawbacks. Coagulation at the retinal surface can be obtained with as little as 0.15 J.

Diathermy↗
PubMed1987

Types of avulsed retinal vessels associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: treatment and results.

We performed a prospective study of 87 cases with avulsed retinal vessels in conjunction with tears and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 5 years. The avulsed vessels were classified according to their location (peripheral or central) as well as with respect to their form (5 types). The surgical procedure comprised the fixation of an episcleral sponge implant (high indentation), cryoapplication, and, if necessary, laser coagulation or endodiathermy at a later stage. The postoperative condition of the avulsed vessel mainly depended on its location, the type of avulsion, and the buckle height.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Confocal laser tomographic analysis of the retina in eyes with macular hole formation and other focal macular diseases.

To study the retinal surface in the human eye in normal and diseased states we used laser scanning tomography. The confocal arrangement of the laser tomographic scanner permits examination of retinal topography in the axis perpendicular to the retinal surface. The eyes examined with the laser tomographic scanner included normal eyes, eyes with macular holes, impending macular holes, radiation retinopathy, macular edema, photocoagulation scars, subfoveal scars, and serous detachment of the fovea associated with subretinal neovascularization. The laser tomographic scanner is a new method that allows measurements of the topography of the internal limiting membrane in the macular area and may improve our understanding of the pathophysiologic characteristics and treatment of a variety of disorders of the macula.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Vitrectomy for complicated retinal detachments secondary to branch retinal vein occlusions.

Combined rhegmatogenous and traction retinal detachments associated with branch vein occlusions occurred in five eyes of five patients between Jan. 1, 1986 and Dec. 31, 1987. Four patients underwent surgery with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal gas, with or without scleral buckling. One patient refused treatment. All operated on eyes had attached retinas at a mean follow-up of seven months. Because posterior traction plays an important role in these unusual detachments, consideration should be given to pars plana vitrectomy and air-fluid exchange rather than scleral buckling alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in treated cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Seventeen patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis were treated with the antiviral drug ganciclovir (9-[1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy-methyl]-guanine, DHPG). Eight eyes of five patients developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after initiation of treatment. Multiple breaks in areas of peripheral, healed, atrophic retina accounted for the detachments. All seven eyes that underwent surgery had extensive retinal detachments that were reattached with vitrectomy and silicone oil. Retinotomy and retinal tacks were necessary in two cases that were complicated by severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In the fellow eye of one patient, laser treatment was used prophylactically to wall off a peripheral patch of healed retinitis. Endoretinal biopsies and culture were taken in five eyes; evidence of persistent cytomegalovirus was seen in two cases despite concurrent and clinically effective antiviral therapy.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1985

Fluid dynamics in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

Inward and outward permeabilities to sodium fluorescein at the blood-retinal barrier were measured by kinetic vitreous fluorophotometry in ten eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Fellow eyes were used as controls. Inward permeability of eyes with detachments was significantly larger than that of controls (P less than .005), suggesting damage to the blood-retinal barrier in eyes with detachments. Outward permeability of eyes with detachment and retinal holes was slightly less than that of controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, outward permeability of eyes with detachments and with retinal tears was significantly larger than that of controls (P less than .05). This increased outward permeability may be attributed to the increased fluid flow posteriorly through the break across the retinal pigment epithelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Retinal detachment following the acute retinal necrosis syndrome.

Twenty-six patients with the acute retinal necrosis involving 32 eyes have been followed at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Sixteen eyes developed retinal detachment and surgical repair was attempted in thirteen. Ten eyes were successfully reattached. Vitreous surgery was necessary in ten eyes and was performed in eight of the ten successful eyes. The clinical characteristics of the retinal detachments as well as the surgical procedures and results are presented.

Acute Disease↗