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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of cephem antibiotics in exudate of pelvic retroperitoneal space after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Many cephalosporin antibiotics have recently been invented and attempts have been made to use them clinically. The choice of which of these drugs should be used has been difficult in gynecology. The efficacies of these drugs depend on their antibacterial spectra, potencies, and concentrations in tissues. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of various cephem antibiotics in the exudate of the retroperitoneal space that is formed after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. These cephem antibiotics were cefoxitin, cefotiam, cefotetan, cefpiramide, cefminox, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, cefmenoxime, cefbuperazone, ceftazidime, cefpimizole, flomoxef, and cefuzonam. The maximum concentrations after administration of a 1-g dose in the exudate of the pelvic retroperitoneal space were 37.9 micrograms/ml with cefminox, 30.3 micrograms/ml with cefpimizole, 21.6 micrograms/ml with flomoxef, 21.5 micrograms/ml with ceftazidime, and 17.6 micrograms/ml with cefbuperazone, which were relatively high. When selecting antibiotics for prophylactic use against infections in the retroperitoneal space after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, on the basis of drug transfer, flomoxef, cefminox, cefbuperazone, ceftazidime, and cefpimizole were considered to be the drugs of first choice at a dose of 1 g.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1988

[Repeated and combined operations in tumors of the retroperitoneal space].

Based on an experience with the treatment of 76 patients with tumors of the retroperitoneal space the authors show the expediency of operations of a "region resection" type with the intraoperative control of hemostasis. Such operations were performed in 18 patients with left-side tumors and in 7 patients with the right-side localization of tumors. The choice of the regional resection is considered by the authors to elevate the resectability in patients with tumors of the retroperitoneal space.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Penetration of cefoperazone into the exudate of the retroperitoneal space after (semi-)radical hysterectomy].

The purpose of the study was to examine the penetration of cefoperazone (CPZ) into the exudate of retroperitoneal space after (semi-)radical hysterectomy in patients with uterine carcinoma and to evaluate the suitability of its prophylactic use. Two grams of CPZ was administered by intravenous infusion over 1 hour just after the operation and the same dose was repeated every 12 hours for 3 consecutive days. The exudate was collected from the abdominal drainage for every 3 hours for measurements of hemoglobin, total protein and CPZ levels. Concentrations of CPZ in exudate samples were found to remain above the MICs for major causative organisms of the inflammation in both groups of patients of radical (14 cases) and semiradical (5 cases) hysterectomy. On the operative and 1st days, exudate CPZ level in the group of semiradical hysterectomy patients showed higher than that in the group of radical hysterectomy patients. But on the 2nd day, there was no significant difference in exudate CPZ level between these 2 groups. The above results indicated that the presence of blood in the retroperitoneal space might affect the concentration of the antibiotic in the exudate. From these findings, it is concluded that the present dosage regimen is efficient to prevent the postoperative infection after (semi-)radical hysterectomy.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of nonorganic bulky masses of the retroperitoneal space. Part 1. Cysts, abscesses and flegmons].

The paper considers the diagnostic capacities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting non-organic bulky masses of the retroperitoneal space. Based on the analysis of tomographic findings in 23 patients with non-organic cysts of the retroperitoneal space and 27 patients with its abscesses and phlegmons, the first part of the paper describes the MRI semiotics of these diseases in detail and proposes methodic approaches to their identification. Comparison of the data of MRI and pathomorphological analysis of operation materials has yielded the rates of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the method, which are equal to 100, 88.5, and 94.2% for non-organic cysts and 100, 87.1, and 93.5%, respectively. The authors note the lower efficiency of MRI in recognizing hydatid cysts and foreign bodies than ultrasound study and X-ray computed tomography and show it necessary to take into account clinical information in making a radiological conclusion.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed1983

[Primary soft tissue tumors of the retroperitoneal space].

Primary soft tissue tumors of the retroperitoneal space are seldom. In the last 40 years there are only some reports on larger tumor series. But their comparison is merely possible reservedly because in the past the classification of soft tissue tumors was repeatedly changed. Using the diagnostic criteria of the WHO we examined 96 primary tumors of the retroperitoneal soft tissue concerning the distribution of the histological types. 25 cases were classified as benign tumors. 44% of the lesions were benign schwannomas, in the frequency they were followed by leiomyomas (16%), fibromatoses (12%), lipomas (8%) and fibromas (8%). All fibromatoses were localized in the mesenteric radix. 71 tumors were considered to be malignant. The most frequent malignant growths were leiomyosarcomas (24%). Malignant fibrous histiocytomas and liposarcomas constituted 15.5% and 14% of the malignant tumors, resp. Rhabdomyosarcomas were relatively seldom and only of the embryonal type. They exclusively occurred in childhood. Fibrosarcomas were just found in 3% of cases and synovial sarcomas were completely lacking. 17% of all malignant tumors could not be classified with certainty. Whereas the diagnosis of benign soft tissue tumors is not too difficult as a rule the malignant lesions not seldom resist an exact classification. General problems in diagnosis are discussed, differential diagnostic criteria for a clear separation of different tumor entities are presented. Finally the importance of a histological grading of malignant retroperitoneal soft tissue tumors is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Topographic anatomical interrelation of the lumbar triangles with the organs and adipose tissue formations of the retroperitoneal space].

The investigation has been carried out in 96 corpses of fetuses, newborns and mature persons by means of preparation methods, injection of fatty formations of the retroperitoneal space, superior urinary pathways and vessels with x-ray contrast masses and subsequent roentgenography. The area of the lumbar triangles is subjected to certain fluctuations and only in some cases they are absent. The kidneys, peritoneal part of the ureters, duodenum, pancreas, aorta and inferior vena cava in the projection of the lumbar triangles are not situated. The lumbar triangle can be used for performing drainage, when the organs and formations of the retroperitoneal space are operated on.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2002

Diagnosis and imaging of adenomyotic disease of the retroperitoneal space.

This manuscript discusses the diagnosis and imaging of adenomyotic disease of the retroperitoneal space, a pathology that we have defined as retroperitoneal adenomyotic disease (RAD). By prospective analysis, comparing barium enema, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasonography, we distinguished three types of retroperitoneal adenomyotic lesions. The most frequently encountered types were posterior vaginal fornix lesions, followed by hourglass-shaped or diabolo-like lesions, and then by rectovaginal septum lesions. This anatomical classification based on clinical examination and imaging will allow us in the future to define the most appropriate treatment for each entity.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonic and computerized tomographic examinations in the diagnosis of suppurative-inflammatory diseases of organs of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space].

Comprehensive ultrasonic and x-ray computer-aided tomographic (RCAT) examinations were carried out in 97 patients with 120 pyo-inflammatory foci in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. On the whole the sensitivity of ultrasonic examinations was 68%, that of RCAT 88%. RCAT was superior to ultrasonic examinations in the diagnosis of extra-organic (inter-intestinal, subdiaphragm, etc.) involvement, pancreonecrosis, and splenic abscesses. The advantages of this method were not so evident in the detection of liver and kidney abscesses and of gauze postoperative foreign bodies. Potentialities of an ultrasonic method were somewhat superior in localization of a pathologic focus in the pancreas in differentiation from a common cyst. Ultrasonic examinations should be widely used as a primary method and should to a certain measure determine the necessity of RCAT use in the diagnosis of pyo-inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space organs.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed1995

Anatomic communications between the three retroperitoneal spaces: determination by CT-guided injections of contrast material in cadavers.

OBJECTIVE: A variety of retroperitoneal diseases such as pancreatitis, infection, and trauma may cause fluid collections in the three major retroperitoneal spaces. The purpose of our study was to elucidate flow patterns of fluid between the various compartments to assist the clinical-radiologic assessment and treatment of various retroperitoneal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In eight cadavers, CT guidance was used to selectively inject 35-1000 ml of contrast medium by hand or power injector into five perirenal, two posterior pararenal, and two anterior pararenal spaces. After the injections, CT of the entire abdomen and pelvis was done with 10-mm-thick sections at intervals of 10-40 mm. All images were reviewed in detail by a group of experienced body imagers to assess the pathways of flow of contrast material between the three major retroperitoneal spaces. RESULTS: The caudal cone of perirenal fascia was uniformly patent. A narrow channel connected the two perirenal spaces in the midline; the posterior border of this channel abutted the anterior margins of the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava. The perirenal, anterior pararenal, and posterior pararenal spaces all communicated with the infrarenal space, which in turn connected with the extraperitoneal spaces in the pelvis. When large quantities of contrast medium are injected in the perirenal or pararenal spaces and the infrarenal space is filled, the infrarenal space may then serve as a conduit across the midline of the abdomen. The anterior pararenal space crossed the midline and had a distinct retrorenal extension but no intraperitoneal connection. The slender posterior pararenal space had an anterolateral extension en route to the prevesical space. CONCLUSION: Our findings show pathways and extensions of the perirenal, anterior pararenal, and posterior pararenal spaces that should be considered when assessing a variety of retroperitoneal diseases. Perinephric collections, such as hematomas and urinomas, have at least a potential conduit across the midline or into the pelvis. Our study explains how blood from a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm may enter either perinephric space. Anterior pararenal processes, such as pancreatitis or appendicitis, can extend into the pelvis or cross the midline, and posterior pararenal blood from trauma can also flow into the pelvis.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1985

[Multiple injuries involving the retroperitoneal space].

From 1971-1982, 598 polytraumatized patients had concomitant injuries of the retroperitoneal space. The mortality rate came up to 33.4%. Diagnostically abdominal lavage, laparoscopy, selective angiography and CT were carried out. Often life saving laparotomy had to be practised without further delay.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1977

[Possibilities for nuclear medical investigation in the retroperitoneal space: (author's transl)].

The possibilities for nuclear medical investigation in the retroperitoneal space were extended by the introduction of the scintillation camera with an evaluation system. The diagnostic aid in diseases of the kidney (unilateral and bilateral nephropathies, shock kidney, stenosis of the renal arteries, aortic occlusion), suprarenals (Conn syndrome) and the skeleton of the entire body (diagnosis of metastases and non-malignant bone diseases) are reviewed. Scanning scintigraphy can be used in the identification of lymphnode metastases in negative (198 Au colloid) and positive (67 Ga) tumor contrast and in double radionuclide substraction techniques in pancreatic tumor and chronic pancreatitis. Clinical examples are demonstrated.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Soft tissue sarcomas arising in the retroperitoneal space in children. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) Committee.

One hundred one eligible children with soft-tissue sarcomas arising within the retroperitoneal space have been registered on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee (IRS) studies I and II and followed for at least 2 years or until death. The most common presenting symptoms and signs were pain in the abdomen or lower extremities, and/or an abdominal mass, usually noted by a parent or a physician seeing the child for other complaints. The median age at diagnosis was 6.5 years and the sex ratio (M/F) 1.7:1. Histologic types were embryonal or botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in 58 patients, alveolar RMS in 8, pleomorphic RMS in 2, undifferentiated sarcoma in 20, extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma in 4 and unspecified sarcoma in 9. Median tumor size was 10 cm, significantly larger than the 7.5 cm noted in the IRS studies as a whole (P less than 0.05). One patient had complete tumor removal (Group I); 12 had grossly complete removal with microscopic residual tumor (Group II). Fifty-one patients had residual local tumor after biopsy or partial resection (Group III) and 37 patients had distant metastases at diagnosis (Group IV). Treatment included surgery, radiation therapy (RT) and combination chemotherapy with vincristine and actinomycin D with or without cyclophosphamide and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) according to protocol. Thirty-nine of 99 patients (39%) had major difficulties in the delivery of specified RT. Seventy patients received sufficient therapy to be evaluable for treatment response. Forty-one (58%) achieved a complete remission and 16 (23%) achieved partial remission. Twenty-four of 41 children (59%) achieving a CR have relapsed. The proportion of children who remained relapse-free at 2 and 3 years of follow-up was 44% or 42%, respectively. Overall, 40 children have developed recurrent sarcoma and the median disease-free interval and overall survival times were 54 and 88 weeks, respectively. Most children experienced severe myelosuppression; there were three early deaths from infection which occurred during granulocytopenic periods. One third of the patients experienced cystitis. Children with soft-tissue sarcomas arising in the retroperitoneal space have a poor prognosis associated with large tumors which, because of location and/or extent (Groups III or IV), are unresectable and difficult to treat.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

[Osteoscintigraphy and dynamic studies of the kidneys using 99mTc-pyrophosphate in tumors of the retroperitoneal space in children].

Osteoscintigraphy and dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys with 99mTc-pyrophosphate were used for investigation of 24 pediatric patients with tumorous involvement of the retroperitoneal space. Bone metastases were detected by osteoscintigraphy in 8 patients, pathological changes of the kidneys and urinary tract in 9 patients. Dynamic investigation of the kidneys with 99mTc-pyrophosphate performed in the first 20 min. after the drug injection showed disorders of renal evacuatory function of a varied degree of expression in all 24 patients. Dynamic investigation of the kidneys with 99mTc-pyrophosphate was not accompanied by an increase in radiation exposures therefore it was recommended at the first stage of radionuclide investigation of children with tumorous involvement of the retroperitoneal space followed by osteoscintigraphy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnetic resonance imaging of non-organic bulky masses of the retroperitoneal space. Part 2. Primary and metastatic tumors].

Based on MRI findings in 15 patients with primary non-organic tumors and 9 patients with metastatic neoplasms of the retroperitoneal space, the paper describes the MRI-semiotics of these diseases and proposes methodological approaches to their identification in its second part. By comparing the data of MRI and autopsies, the author defines the values of the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the technique in detecting primary and metastatic non-organic tumors of the retroperitoneal space. The author emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of MRI, shows how difficult to make a differential diagnosis of benign and malignant types of primary non-organic tumors by means of this method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Pharmacokinetics of miconazole in serum and exudate of pelvic retroperitoneal space after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Due to the increased number of compromised hosts with fungal infections, doctors have recently started prescribing antifungal agents. In the field of gynecology, however, the choice of which drug to use has been difficult. The efficacies of these drugs depend on their antifungal spectra, potencies and concentrations in tissues. The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of miconazole in the exudate of the retroperitoneal space that is formed after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. A total of 600 mg of miconazole was administered to the patients for exactly 60 min using an automatic drip-infusion pump. The parameters of the formulas analyzed by the two-compartment model were determined using the least-squares method, and a simulation curve was made. The maximum drug concentration (Cmax) of miconazole in serum was 6.26 mg/l 1 h after drip infusion commencement and the t1/2 in serum was 8.86 h. The value of the area under the time-serum concentration curve (AUC) in serum was 19.13 mg/h per l. The Cmax of miconazole in the exudate of the retroperitoneal space was 0.13 mg/l 2.48 h after the drip infusion was started. The value of AUC in the exudate was 2.52 mg/h per l.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2002

Empyema necessitatis into the retroperitoneal space.

Empyema necessitatis is a rare complication of tuberculous empyema. We present a very rare case of empyema necessitatis into the retroperitoneal space through the diaphragm. The fistula between the thoracic empyema cavity and the retroperitoneal abscess was clearly identified by magnetic resonance imaging.

Abscess↗