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PubMedDate not supplied

Atrophic rhinitis: antibiotic treatment.

Atrophic rhinitis is a term used to describe a rare nasal infection. Although it does not have a fatal outcome, cause osteomyelitis, or produce pain, it does induce bilateral nasal obstruction and a persistent foul odor of which the subject and others are painfully aware. The organism most often associated with atrophic rhinitis is Klebsiella ozenae. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of this microorganism have made treatment with orally administered antibiotics difficult. K ozenae was cultured from the nasal cavity of three patients. Two patients were treated for two weeks with tobramycin (MIC, 4 micrograms/ml; 4 mg/kg/day). Odor decreased in one patient, but K ozenae failed to clear. In the second patient both odor and K ozenae disappeared. The third patient was treated for 1 week with tobramycin (MIC, 4 micrograms/ml; 4 mg/kg/day); odor decreased, but K ozenae could still be cultured. She was treated for an additional 2 weeks with topical gentamicin (MIC, 0.5 micrograms/ml) with disappearance of both odor and K ozenae. Intravenous aminoglycoside may be helpful in treating atrophic rhinitis, but topical aminoglycoside may provide an effective and cheaper form of treatment.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atrophic rhinitis: a review of 242 cases.

Atrophic rhinitis is a debilitating nasal mucosal disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by progressive nasal mucosal atrophy, nasal crusting, fetor, and enlargement of the nasal space with paradoxical nasal congestion. Primary atrophic rhinitis has decreased markedly in incidence in the last century. This probably relates to the increased use of antibiotics for chronic nasal infection. Secondary atrophic rhinitis resulting from trauma, surgery granulomatous diseases, infection, and radiation exposure accounts for the majority of cases encountered by the rhinologist today. Excessive turbinate surgery has been both acquitted and accused in the literature as an etiology for secondary atrophic rhinitis. We saw 242 patients with the diagnosis of atrophic rhinitis between 1982 and 1999. The diagnosis was confirmed by physical examination, biopsy, and imaging studies. Patients were diagnosed with primary atrophic rhinitis if their condition developed in a previously healthy nose and secondary atrophic rhinitis if their condition developed after sinonasal surgery, trauma, or chronic granulomatous disease. Prevention and treatment of the disease is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative observations on Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in atrophic rhinitis of pigs.

Clinical atrophic rhinitis in seven pig herds could not be associated with the infection rate or higher numbers of B bronchiseptica in nasal swabs when compared with unaffected herds. B bronchiseptica isolates from herds with atrophic rhinitis and receiving sulphonamide medication were resistant to sulphonamides in vitro and there was a beneficial clinical response after changing to oxytetracycline medication. In an unaffected herd three piglets naturally infected with B bronchiseptica but possessing low levels of passive antibody showed marked turbinate hypoplasia when killed at seven weeks, the lesions had resolved in four of six litter mates by 21 weeks and did not occur in another litter of nine piglets which had a high level of passive antibody. The results indicate that although B bronchiseptica can produce non-progressive turbinate changes in pigs that have inadequate antibody protection, the relationship between these lesions and the chronic progressive field disease needs further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Treatment with oxytetracycline hydrochloride in the prevention of atrophic rhinitis in baby pigs.

Atrophic rhinitis (AR) caused serious losses in a breeding herd including approximately 120 sows. The extent to which piglets were affected by AR was assessed by determining the degree of shortening of the upper jaw. Animals showing a crooked nose or grade two or more of shortening of the upper jaw were considered to be clinically positive. Grades three and four of the upper jaw were observed in those animals which were severely affected by Atrophic rhinitis. Treatment of all piglets up to about eight weeks of age by the antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride directed against the bacteria Bordetella bronchisepica and Pasteurella multocida was successful in reducing the proportion of clinically affected piglets from 30 per cent to 0 per cent within eight weeks. There was found to be a positive relationship between the proportion of piglets infected with the two above bacteria at an age of about five weeks and the incidence of shortening of the upper jaw at an age of about eight weeks. The proportion of piglets with shortening of the upper jaw rose following a marked increase in the number of piglets in farrowing and flat-deck houses and as a result of the supply of inadequately medicated feed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic sinus surgery and postoperative intravenous aminoglycosides in the treatment of atrophic rhinitis.

A total of 29 atrophic rhinitis patients were treated by endoscopic sinus surgery between 1990 and 1995. After the surgery, a 7 to 10-day course of systematic aminoglycoside was administered. Two cases were excluded, due to later occurrence of nasal lymphoma in one patient and incompleteness of postoperative antibiotic therapy in the other. Among those included, atrophic rhinitis occurred in the absence of prior surgery in 24 patients, and the condition was secondary to a previous intranasal surgery in the other three patients. After a 1 to 6-year follow-up (mean: 63.4 months), seven patients were successfully managed without any characteristic symptom or sign of atrophic rhinitis. Another 18 patients felt improved. Only two patients did not have any improvement. The rate of improvement was 92.6%. Overall, one patient suffered from a left retrobulbar hematoma after operation. Exposed orbital fat was observed in the other patient. The orbital complication rate was therefore 7.4%. No other major complication occurred in this series. The bacteriologic, radiological, antroscopic, and pathologic findings are also included here. It is concluded that endoscopic sinus surgery in combination with adequate postoperative antibiotic therapy can significantly treat atrophic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Epidemiological study of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica in atrophic rhinitis.

An epidemiological study of atrophic rhinitis was carried out in four pig herds. Observations were made of (i) infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida, (ii) the presence of brachygnathia superior (BS score), (iii) the extent (grade) of turbinate atrophy and pneumonia at slaughter and (iv) growth rates from two to 16 weeks of age and average daily weight gains to slaughter. In two of the herds with no history of atrophic rhinitis, B bronchiseptica and non-toxigenic strains of P multocida were isolated; only one of 47 pigs (2 per cent) had a BS score greater than +10 mm and the most severe turbinate atrophy observed in 21 pigs at slaughter was grade 3. In contrast, from two herds with atrophic rhinitis, toxigenic strains of P multocida were isolated as well as B bronchiseptica and non-toxigenic P multocida. BS scores of greater than +10 mm were present in six of 47 pigs (13 per cent) of which five were infected with toxigenic P multocida and had severe turbinate atrophy of grade 4 or 5. There was no significant reduction in growth rates in the affected compared with the unaffected herds nor in the affected compared with the unaffected pigs in the same herd. Neither was there a correlation between progressive disease and the extent of pneumonia found at slaughter. It was concluded that in field cases of the disease, high BS scores plus severe turbinate atrophy were associated with infection by toxigenic type-D strains of P multocida.

Animals↗