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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

In vitro inhibition of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus by the antiviral agent ribavirin.

The multiplication in tissue cultures of three isolates of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus as well as the Edmonston strain of measles virus was observed to be inhibited by various concentrations of the antiviral agent ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide). The blockage of viral replication by ribavirin could be reversed by the simultaneous addition of equimolar concentrations of either guanosine or adenosine. Expression of virus-specific antigens was greatly reduced in the presence of the antiviral drug.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1977

Effect of ribavirin on Type 2 Herpesvirus hominis (HVH/2) in vitro and in vivo.

Ribavirin was found to inhibit five strains of HVH/2 tested in KB cells with the M1C range being 10-100 microgram/ml. In a mouse tail animal model, it effectively reduced HVH/2-induced lesions particularly at the peak lesion periods. Ribavirin was remarkably effective when intravaginal treatment was initiated late in the infection, which suggests that it may have potential for treatment of human cutaneous infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Clinical evaluation of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) in a double-blind study during an outbreak of influenza.

1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) at a dosage of 300 mg/day, or disguised placebo was administered to patients in a closed population during an epidemic outbreak of influenza in Mexico City. Treatment consisted of capsules given three times daily for 5 days beginning with first signs of disease. The study was conducted in a double-blind fashion. Clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as in titer of recoverable virus and in specific serum antibody titer were significantly reduced in the ribavirin-treated group. None of the individuals in the study had any sign of toxic effects attributable to the drug. In the study, 21 patients received the drug and 24 received placebo.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clinical experiences using the antiviral 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) in Mexico.

Follow-up of the use of ribavirin in 390 human patients in Mexico indicates the drug has been used to treat a variety of virus infections. No toxic manifestations of the drug were reported, and the subjective results suggest possible antiviral efficacy. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study using topically applied 5% ribavirin in ointment base against herpes zoster in cancer patients indicates definite efficacy against this specific disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Ribavirin: efficacy in the treatment of murine autoimmune disease.

Ribavirin, a drug with known antiviral activity, was given to mice with established lupus nephritis. Ribavirin was effective in prolonging survival, reducing the titer of antibodies to DNA, and reversing proteinuria. Other antiviral agents were not effective in the dosages used.

Acetates↗
PubMed2026

Whole-Genome Analysis of HEV Under Sequential Ribavirin Pressure Reveals Early Minor Variants Predicting Resistance.

Ribavirin (RBV) failures in chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection may arise from genomic adaptation, yet the contribution of minor variants remains insufficiently explored. Using a shotgun metagenomics based on next-generation sequencing to obtain the full HEV genome, we analyzed longitudinal HEV populations from sequential clinical samples collected from a patient infected by Paslahepevirus balayani genotype 3c, who underwent three different courses of RBV treatment. Viral diversity increased over time, with most amino-acid substitutions detected at sub-consensus frequencies. Several mutations linked to RBV resistance emerged under treatment pressure. Specifically, D1384N and Y1587F became fixed in the final sampling, while additional substitutions at position 1384 (including D1384T) revealed mutational hotspot. Importantly, D1384N and G1634R were already detectable at low allele frequencies after the first treatment cessation and subsequent rebound, showing that the study of minor variant populations can be early predictors for the development of RBV resistance. These findings underscore the genomic plasticity of HEV under antiviral pressure and highlight the value of deep variant profiling for anticipating RBV treatment failure.

Ribavirin↗
PubMed1978

Synthesis and antiviral acticity of some phosphates of the broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside, 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin).

1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide 5'-phosphate (2) was prepared and converted into the following derivatives: the 5'-phosphoramidate 3, the 5'-diphosphate 4, the 5'-triphosphate 5, and the cyclic 3',5'-phosphate 6. The cyclic 2',3'-phosphate 7 was prepared from the parent nucleoside, 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (1), and was opened to the 2'(3')-phosphate 8. These compounds were found to exhibit significant antiviral activity against several viruses in cell culture. Ribavirin 5'-phosphate (2) was shown to be effective when tested against lethal infections in mice caused by influenza A2, influenza B, and murine hepatitis viruses.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1979

Lack of specific effect of adenine arabinoside, human interferon, and ribavirin on in vitro production of hepatitis B surface antigen.

PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells continue to produce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) after greater than 80 passages in vitro, but they do not express other markers of heaptitis B virus (HBV) replication. In this respect, they resemble most liver cells that are persistently infected with HBV. PLC/PRF/5 cells were cultured in the presence of adenine arabinoside, human fibroblast interferon, and ribavirin to determine whether production of HBsAg was sensitive to these antiviral agents. HBsAg released into culture media was detected by radioimmunoassay, and cellular protein synthesis was assessed by [3H]amino acid incorporation studies. A dose-related inhibition of HBsAg occurred with each antiviral agent that was tested, but in each case, this inhibition was matched by a reduction of cellular protein synthesis to a similar degree. Thus, no specific effect on the production of HBsAg was found with any of the antiviral agents tested.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Congenital anomalies induced in hamster embryos with ribavirin.

Ribavirin, when given to pregnant hamsters in relatively small single doses, induces congenital anomalies of limbs, ribs, eyes, and central nervous system, as well as fetal deaths. On the basis of these findings, caution should be used in giving ribavrin to women of child-bearing age.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1977

Response of influenza virus-infected mice to selected doses of ribavirin administered intraperitoneally or by aerosol.

The effects of graded doses of ribavirin administered either by aerosol or intraperitoneally were compared in influenza virus-infected mice. The median effective dose values (based upon percent survival) were 3.3 and 15.8 mg/kg per day for the aerosol and intraperitoneal routes, respectively. Lung lesion scores and titer of virus were lower after aerosol than intraperitoneal therapy.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

Activity of amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin against swine influenza in mice and squirrel monkeys.

Amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin given orally, either prophylactically or therapeutically, reduced mortality and increased the survival time of 3-week-old mice infected with the type A/New Jersey/8/76 (swine) strain of influenza virus. In addition, amantadine and rimantadine, administered therapeutically, increased the rate of virus clearance from lungs of infected mice. Administration of amantadine either before or after virus challenge ameliorated the illness in squirrel monkeys; when administered therapeutically, it appeared to eliminate virus shedding from infected monkeys within hours after therapy was initiated.

Amantadine↗
PubMed1978

Effect of orally administered ribavirin on experimental feline calicivirus infection in cats.

Ribavirin administered orally at 75 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 10 days, beginning either 1 or 4 days, after aerosol exposure of cats to calicivirus strain 255, failed to have any beneficial effect on the clinical course of the disease or to reduce viral excretion. Indeed, there was enhanced severity of the clinicopathologic findings in the treated exposed group, due largely to hemorrhage resulting from profound thrombocytopenia. Other toxic effects included depression of red and white blood cells, increased alanine aminotransferase activity, icterus, and body weight loss. Toxic effects were largely reversed within 1 week of cessation of treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Inhibitory effect of virazole (ribavirin) on the replication of tomato white necrosis virus (VNBT).

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) inoculated with tomato white necrosis virus (VNBT) and treated with Virazole (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl--1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxamide) at a concentration of 500 mg/l developed systemic virus symptoms in only 40 per cent of the plants in which a remarkable reduction in virus concentration was also observed. From inoculated and Virazole-treated plants which had produced no symptoms, no virus could be recovered. This result suggests that Virazole may inhibit replication of VNBT in tomato.

Plant Viruses↗