[To my dear colleague, friend and sister in the Christian faith, Gregoria Rosa Vda. de Martínez, who died suddenly].
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History of Medicine↗
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Antiestrogenic activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. flowers.
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Animals↗
Molecular investigation of the progenitors, origin and domestication patterns of diploid Chinese old garden roses.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chinese old garden roses are major contributors to the genetic development of modern roses. The RoKSN gene is associated with continuous flowering in roses and is proposed to have originated from Chinese wild roses. However, the wild roses that are implicated in the breeding of Chinese old garden roses and the origin of the RoKSN locus remain unidentified. We collected 25 of the most renowned and classic diploid Chinese old garden roses along with all related wild roses from East Asia. These roses were analysed with the aim of identifying the wild species that contributed to the genetic composition of Chinese old garden roses. In addition, we aimed to infer the geographical origin of the RoKSN gene and to develop a schematic overview of hybrid domestication of Chinese old garden roses. METHODS: We compared the haplotypes of internal transcribed spacers (nrITS), six nuclear single-copy genes and three chloroplast genes between Chinese old garden roses and wild roses. Additionally, we assessed genetic organization using 21 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats to identify potential donor species that contributed to the emergence of these cultivars. Primers were designed for RoKSN to allow comparison of the gene across the entire distribution range of Rosa sect. Chinenses. KEY RESULTS: Our findings confirmed that the majority of rose cultivars are descendants of early hybridization events. Rosa chinensis var. spontanea, R. odorata var. gigantea and R. multiflora var. cathayensis were the primary donors for the 25 cultivar roses. Chinese old garden roses were categorized into four groups. Ten cultivars were hybrids between R. chinensis var. spontanea and R. multiflora var. cathayensis, thereby forming the 'Old Blush' group. Five cultivars were hybrids between 'Old Blush' and the R. kwangtungensis species complex, thereby forming the 'Slater's crimson' group. Six cultivars were hybrids between 'Old Blush' and R. odorata var. gigantea, thereby forming the 'Tea Rose' group, and three cultivars were hybrids that evolved from more than three donors. Moreover, we observed relatively close genetic proximity among Chinese old garden roses with an identical RoKSN-copia gene that is responsible for continuous flowering, which indicates a single origin for this retrotransposon-containing allele. Additionally, we determined that the haplotypes of the RoKSN-copia gene predominantly occurred in the Sichuan Basin region. In contrast, R. chinensis cultivated in the Ya'an region showed no markers of hybridization and displayed a genetic composition that was close to that of the wild species R. chinensis var. spontanea. This cultivar may represent the earliest mutated individual that bears the RoKSN-copia gene and may have served as a bridge from wild species to continuous-flowering old rose cultivars. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides crucial evidence that elucidates the origin of cultivated roses and lays the groundwork for further analysis of the breeding history of Chinese old garden roses using genomic data.
Domestication↗
RcAP2L-RcAS1 complex modulates petal number in roses by targeting RcAGL80 promoter.
Double flower, which is one of the most important characteristics of ornamental plants, is closely related to their ornamental and commercial value. The double-flower trait in rose was mainly due to the increase in petal number caused by stamen petalization. However, the mechanism regulating petal number is not clear. In this study, the Rosa chinensis "Zhaiye Tengben Yuejihua" × R. chinensis "Old Blush" population was used for QTL detection and NGS-based BSA analysis to identify candidate genes related to petal number. It was found that RcAP2L and RcAS1 were highly expressed in double-flower rose, while RcAGL80 was highly expressed in single-flower rose. Silencing RcAP2L and RcAS1 reduced the petal number by inhibiting homeotic conversion of stamens to petals, separately. However, silencing RcAGL80 increased the petal number by promoting homeotic conversion of stamens to petals. The results of Y2H and BiFC assays showed that RcAP2L interacted with RcAS1. The dual-luciferase assay showed that RcAP2L was bound to the promoter of RcAGL80 and suppressed RcAGL80 transcription. In total, we found a new function of AS1 in specifying flower organ identity, and a new pathway for regulating the number of petals by RcAS1, RcAGL80, and RcAP2L, which provides new information for elucidating the mechanism of the formation of double flower in rose.
Rosa↗
Gallbladder disease in children and adolescents.
Seventy-nine patients, twenty years old or younger, with cholecystitis underwent cholecystectomy during a five year period at Santa Rosa Medical Center. There was a considerable delay in diagnosis in many cases. Etiologic factors differed with race and age; however, the disease appears to be quite similar in adolescents and adults. Hemolytic disease was present in all five blacks but in none of the remaining seventy-four patients. Patients younger than ten years of age are more likely to have congenital anomalies or infectious etiologies for the gallbladder disease. Cholecystectomy was associated with minimal morbidity and no mortality in this series. Cholecystitis should be considered early in the child or adolescent with unexplained abdominal pain, and oral cholecystograms proved to be a safe and reliable method of diagnosis.
Adolescent↗
Electron paramagnetic resonance of Hb St Louis beta28 (B10) Leu replaced by Gln.
Hemoglobin St Louis beta28 (B10) Leu replaced by Gln is a new mutant which occurs as a natural valency hybrid (alpha2beta+2), or hemoglobin M (Cohen-Solal, M., Seligmann, M., Thillet, J. and Rosa, J. (1973) FEBS Lett. 33, 37-41). The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of native Hb St Louis at pH 6.2 shows a mixture of three species. Two are high spin, one with tetragonal symmetry, like Hb+ A, the other with rhombic distortion. The third is a low-spin form corresponding to a hemichrome with the distal (E7) histidine as the sixth ligand of the ferric iron. The hemichrome is also found in red blood cells. After oxidation to the alpha+2beta+2 form, three EPR species are seen. Surprisingly, there remains only one high-spin signal, with almost tetragonal symmetry. Besides the low-spin hemichrome, a hydroxy signal is observed even at pH 6.2. These observations imply interactions between the alpha and beta hemes.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
Effect of altitude on dietary-induced thermogenesis at rest and during light exercise in man.
Measurements of metabolic rate and the thermic response (specific dynamic action) of a 400-kcal liquid meal were made in six subjects at rest and during light exercise. The tests were conducted before (LA1) and after (LA2) a 3-wk sojourn (HA1, HA2, HA3) at 3,650 m on the Monte Rosa. Fasting metabolic rate at rest increased inittally and then fell, as did fasting and fed exercising metabolic rates. The fall in metabolic rates, but not the initial increases, can be ascribed to the change in body weight. Resting thermic responses at altitude were only slightly lower than normal, although peak values were significantly depressed at HA2 (P less than 0.05). The mean exercising thermic response was also significantly lower at HA2 (P less than 0.05) but recovered in HA3 and LA2. In the time taken for thermic responses to decrease and recover there were interindividual differences that were best explained by the previous altitude experience of the subjects. The possibility of a cardiovascular shift during hypoxic exercise causing depression of postprandial metabolism is discussed.
Acclimatization↗
[Statistical contribution on symptomatic dry eye].
Optical mark page reader forms to establish the case history were statistically evaluated with regard to the question 'Do you often have the feeling of having sand in the eye. Out of a total of 5,833 patients, 684 (11.7%) answered this question with 'yes'. Women stated with 15.1% relatively more often than men with 9.7% this clinical symptom. Of these 684 patients who subjectively complained of feeling of sand, 241 had an ophthalmological examination. In 92 patients (38.2%) the Bengal-Rosa 1% test was specifically performed due to the specific past history and the clinical symptoms stated on questions by the physician; in all cases signs of a keratoconjunctivitis sicca of different degree were found by slit-lamp microscopy, i.e., at least 4.5% keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients on our whole collective can be expected. The result of a thorough examination in these 92 patients (39 men and 53 women) with ophthalmologically confirmed keratoconjunctivitis sicca showed that in 25 (of 53) women there was an imbalance of the sex hormones. Besides degenerative diseases due to age, diseases of the connective tissue and those caused by an auto immune mechansim were found.
Adult↗
Structure of nanaomycin E, a new nanaomycin.
A new component, nanaomycin E, has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces rosa var, notoensis, which had been found to produce nanaomycins A, B, C and D. Nanaomycin E was an epoxy derivative of nanaomycin A and was converted into nanaomycin A and 4a-epi-nanaomycin B by treatment with sodium hydrosulfite in an acidic aqueous solution. 4a-epi-Nanaomycin B was quantiatively converted into nanaomycin A under alkaline conditions.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Carrageenan and the immune response.
Since the biological effects of carrageenan were reviewed in 1972 by Di Rosa it has become clear from a large number of reports that this algal polysaccharide markedly influences immune responses. Profound suppression of immunity evidenced by impaired antibody production, graft rejection, delayed hypersensitivity and anti-tumour immunity, has been observed in carrageenan-treated animals and the immunodepressive ability of carrageenan confirmed by in vitro studies. Efforts at analysis of carrageenan-induced immune suppression have focussed on the selective cytotoxic effect of this agent on mononuclear phagocytes. Faith in the ability of carrageenan to eliminate those cells has led to its use in examination of the role played by mononuclear phagocytes in various aspects of immune reactivity. This review documents and discusses the effects of carrageenan on immune responses and assesses the value of carrageenan as a useful tool in both current and future work aimed at broadening our knowledge of mechanisms underlying immune reactions.
Animals↗
Medical student clinics: the basis for a clerkship in family practice.
In this paper, the authors describe a popular elective clerkship in family practice a Community Hospital, Santa Rosa, California. The key element in the clerkship for the past six years has been the student's General Medical Clinic. Here, under the supervision of a family physician teacher, senior medical students care for patients with a wide variety of problems. The students work as a team with family nurse practitioners. The clinic has succeeded in offering patients an alternative to the emergency room and an entrance to the hospital's Model Family Practice Center. The students give the clerkship a very high rating as an educational experience. It has also been viable economically.
California↗
Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia.
Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) without esophageal atresia, commonly referred to as H-type fistula, comprises only 4.2% of all TEF's. Four infants with this entity were surgically treated at Santa Rosa Children's Hospital during the period of 1974 to 1977, and their diagnosis, surgical management, and hospital course are described in detail. H-type TEF is characterized by a clinical triad consisting of paroxysms of coughing precipitated by feeding, gaseous distention of the gastrointestinal tract, and pneumonitis. Demonstration of H-type TEF can be difficult and may be accomplished only by repeated examinations. The esophagogram using cinefluoroscopy and image intensification is the primary diagnostic technique utilized. If this is nondiagnostic, then tracheobronchoscopy should be performed in conjunction with ancillary techniques which improve endoscopic yield. Surgical correction can be accomplished through a cervical approach in 80% of cases. Preoperatival treatment of H-type TEF is dependent upon a high index of suspicion, an aggressive diagnostic approach, and prompt surgical correction. Our series of patients demonstrates that early diagnosis is feasible.
Bronchoscopy↗
In vivo cumulation and discharge of azine, thiazine and xanthene dyes and their effects on the chloragogen cells of Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta).
The in vivo cumulation of neutral red, methylene blue and acriflavine in the body wall, midgut epithelium and chloragosomes of Lumbricus terrestris L. and Octolasium transpadanum Rosa, and the discharge of these dyes by chloragosomes was investigated by spectrophotometry. The chloragosomes cumulated the largest amount of the ingested dyes. Electron microscopy displayed the activation of the chloragogen cells and an increased chloragosome formation on the first days of dye intake. In dye-free environment, the dye content of the chloragosomes decreased rapidly. The above properties of the chloragogen cells indicate the role of these cells in the defence mechanism against the toxic effect of certain cationic xenobiotics ingested via the intestinal tract.
Animals↗
The no-show patient in the model family practice unit.
Appointment breaking by patients causes problems for the physician's office. Patients who neither keep nor cancel their appointments are often referred to as "no shows." Twenty variables were identified as potential predictors of no-show behavior. These predictors were applied to 291 Family Practice Center patients during a one-month study in April 1977. A discriminant function and multiple regression procedure were utilized ascertain the predictability of the selected variables. Predictive accuracy of the variables was 67.4 percent compared to the presently utilized constant predictor technique, which is 73 percent accurate. Modification of appointment schedules based upon utilization of the variables studies as predictors of show/no-show behavior does not appear to be an effective strategy in the Family Practice Center of the Community Hospital of Sonoma County, Santa Rosa, due to the high proportion of patients who do, in fact, show. In clinics with lower show rates, the technique may prove to be an effective strategy.
Appointments and Schedules↗
Integrated Telehealth Rehabilitation and Quality of Life in Mechanically Ventilated Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
IMPORTANCE: Whether integrated rehabilitation strategies spanning intensive care unit (ICU), hospital, and postdischarge phases improve quality of life after acute respiratory failure is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of an integrated multicomponent telehealth-based rehabilitation intervention on health-related quality of life at 90 days after hospital discharge among adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This stepped-wedge cluster randomized clinical trial in ICUs of 20 public hospitals in Brazil enrolled adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation between June 2024 and May 2025, with follow-up through September 2025. INTERVENTIONS: A multicomponent telehealth-based rehabilitation program integrating an ICU telehealth-based rehabilitation intervention focused on ventilator liberation; a ward telehealth-based rehabilitation intervention targeting risk stratification and initiation of individualized rehabilitation plans; and a postdischarge telehealth-based rehabilitation intervention consisting of a 2-month personalized centralized telerehabilitation program. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Health-related quality of life at 90 days after hospital discharge, measured using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level (EQ-5D-3L) utility score (range, -0.17 [worse than death] to 1 [best health state], with 0 representing death). RESULTS: Among 1916 enrolled patients (mean [SD] age, 60.6 [17.3] years; 43.6% female), 1063 were assigned to the intervention and 853 to usual care per local protocols. At 90 days after hospital discharge, mean (SD) EQ-5D-3L utility scores were higher in the intervention group than in the usual care group (0.16 [0.31] vs 0.12 [0.28]; adjusted difference, 0.049; 95% CI, 0.0002 to 0.098; P = .04) but did not differ among survivors (0.60 [0.32] vs 0.59 [0.32]; adjusted difference, -0.045; 95% CI, -0.138 to 0.045; P = .34). Compared with usual care, the intervention resulted in lower 90-day all-cause mortality (71.8% [676 of 941] vs 78.3% [584 of 746]; adjusted difference, -7.6%; 95% CI, -14.7% to -0.6%; P = .03) and shorter mean (SD) mechanical ventilation duration (9.9 [10.3] vs 15.5 [15.9] days; adjusted difference, -6.2 days; 95% CI, -8.5 to -3.9; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, an integrated telehealth-based rehabilitation strategy delivered across ICU, hospital, and postdischarge phases improved 90-day health-related quality of life, potentially influenced by reduced mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06343545.
Humans↗
Electrophoretic and kinetic studies of human erythrocytes deficient in pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase.
A new case of a defect in red cell pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide (P5N) activity was found in a large family from Guadeloupe in the West Indies. The propositus presented a characteristic hemolytic anemia with red cell basophilic stippling, an increased GSH level, and a shift of the peak in absorbance of nucleotide. The enzyme activity from the deficient red cells differed from that of the normal. The P5N activity of the deficient red cells was about 14% that of normal. The electrophoretic pattern of P5N activity of the deficient red cells was distinct from that of the control in terms of its Km and of the effects of pH on its maximum activity and heat stability. The significance of such differences is discussed.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital↗
Methylation patterns associated with TTV load in geriatric hospitalized patients: an exploratory functional analysis.
Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a widespread commensal virus within the human virome, characterized by a high prevalence in human population and an unclear pathogenic role. Over the past three decades, TTV has garnered increasing attention due to its ability to establish lifelong chronic viremia, which intriguingly fluctuates among individuals in relation to immune competence status, with a typical peak after an organ transplantation, followed by a plateau and a slow decrease. The regulatory mechanisms underlying TTV infection remain elusive, and factors influencing its interactions with the immune system have yet to be identified. To explore this complex interplay, we analyzed DNA methylation patterns associated with TTV load in older adult hospitalized patients (mean age: 83.15 ± 7.49) from the PROMOTERA cohort. In this study, we present for the first time the identification of differentially methylated probes (DMPs) correlated to TTV load in our cohort. The statistically significant DMPs were located in genes involved in immune regulation and lipid metabolism. To further characterize these findings, we performed an exploratory enrichment analysis by applying several p-value thresholds, which yielded multiple gene lists derived from the sets of significant probes. Genes associated with this epigenetic signature were found to enrich functional pathways related to immune activation, leukocyte differentiation, and cytokine production, while additional significantly enriched gene sets were involved in cell-cell adhesion and cell migration processes. Since our analysis followed an exploratory approach, these results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and warrant further investigation.
Humans↗
Oropouche virus infection: clinical spectrum, geographic expansion, and emerging maternal-fetal implications.
Oropouche virus (OROV), an emerging arbovirus of the genus Orthobunyavirus, has become a growing public health concern following its recent expansion across the Americas and its potential to cause severe clinical outcomes in maternal and child health. Although Oropouche fever has classically been described as an acute self-limited febrile illness, accumulating evidence indicates that OROV is associated with meningitis and fatal infection, as well as evidence of vertical transmission associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and neuropathological alterations resembling those observed in congenital Zika syndrome. The OROV presents two transmission cycles, namely sylvatic and urban, with Culicoides paraensis as its main vector. The absence of specific vaccines or treatments, together with the wide distribution of competent vectors and the possibility of sexual transmission, underscores the urgent need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, elucidate the mechanisms of fetal pathogenesis, and develop effective prevention and control strategies to protect vulnerable populations.
Orthobunyavirus↗