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PubMed1996

Linguistic interaction: the active role of parents in speech therapy for cleft palate patients.

As speech and language intervention becomes more naturalistic, it seems obvious that language and other developmental competencies are, in a strong way, a function of the quality and quantity of relationships in which the child evolves. This paper compares two different speech therapy groups of cleft palate children. Children included in the first group received therapy alone with the speech pathologist, whereas children from the second group received speech therapy accompanied by their mothers. The purpose was to evaluate and provide the mothers with interaction modes for facilitating communication. Both groups were evaluated before and after the therapy period in order to measure the advance of each group. The patients accompanied by their mothers showed a significantly higher linguistic advance as compared to patients receiving therapy without their mothers. The results in this study support the statement that linguistic development in the cleft palate child is strongly related to adult-child mode of interaction.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Psychological effects of speech therapy.

The study investigates the effect of speech therapy on the mood of aphasic stroke patients and their spouses. Patients were randomly allocated to receive speech therapy for 24 weeks starting at 10 weeks post stroke. Patient's mood was measured by means of simple rating scales and an adjective checklist. The mood of relatives was measured by The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and The Wakefield Depression Inventory. Whereas depression and anxiety were surprisingly uncommon in aphasic patients, many spouses suffered depression and minor psychiatric disturbances. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated patients and their spouses on any measure. Speech therapy was not shown to have any psychological benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Trial of intensive compared with weekly speech therapy in preschool children.

Forty two preschool children referred to a speech therapy department were randomly allocated to receive intensive individual speech therapy or the more traditional once weekly approach. Boys and minority ethnic groups were referred most frequently. Speech therapy improved expression more than comprehension, as measured on Reynell scales. The mean improvements were 0.5 SDs (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.3 to 0.7) and 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.5) respectively. There was a greater improvement in children receiving intensive compared with weekly therapy in the expression scores (0.8 SDs (95% CI 0.5 to 1.1) v 0.2 SDs (95% CI -0.1 to 0.5]. White and non-white children had similar improvements in comprehension scores but white children had greater improvement in expression scores (1.1 SDs v 0.3 SDs). This difference was seen in both therapy groups. Randomised trials are useful in the evaluation of speech therapy in children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

Controlled trial of speech therapy versus oxprenolol for stammering.

In a controlled trial of treatment for stammering under stress oxprenolol (40 mg) compared with placebo was assessed in a double-blind manner over two days, six weeks apart, in 31 stammerers before and after speech therapy. The trial design also allowed six weeks of intensive speech therapy, using a slowed-speech and relaxation technique, to be compared with not treatment and assessed single-blind. Oxprenolol produced a significant fall in pulse rate and systolic blood pressure but no overall change in performance either before or after speech therapy. Intensive speech therapy produced a highly significant improvement in the global performance of untrained subjects (p less than 0.001) and a significant reduction in the number (p less than 0.001) and duration (p less than 0.001) of blocks. Maintenance speech therapy tended to produce further improvement in trained subjects. Speech therapy is apparently an effective treatment for stammering, whereas oxprenolol appears to be of no value when given routinely; oxprenolol may be of value, however, in very stressful conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Reliability of the assessment of impairments, disabilities and handicaps in survey research on speech therapy.

An important aspect to the practice of speech therapy is the diagnostic assessment. This assessment is complementary to the medical diagnosis. The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) is regarded as a good starting point for the classification of speech therapy assessments. Based on the ICIDH, a form was developed for the registration of impairments, disabilities and handicaps in survey research on speech therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the assessment of impairments, disabilities and handicaps based on clinical observations and examinations by speech therapists. On the basis of the percentage of agreement and kappa values it is concluded that the reliability of the assessment of the impairments, disabilities and handicaps was satisfactory to excellent for most of the categories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Speech therapy of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease].

The treatment of speech impairment, a factor of loneliness, speech therapy to treat dysarthria in Parkinson's disease is a fundamental aspect of patient management. The impact of medicinal treatment of dysarthria is controversial and surgery appears to worsen the problem. Various speech therapy approaches are relaxation, postural rehabilitation, respiration, phonation, articulation and prosodic re-education. AN INTERESTING METHOD: This overview underlines the fundamental principles of speech therapy in Parkinson's disease and compares the main methods and their results. We particularly insist on the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT), phonation re-education method that has been widely developed in the United-States. Our aim is to provide better knowledge on this re-education method in France.

Dysarthria↗
PubMed1998

Medicare and Medicaid programs; salary equivalency guidelines for physical therapy, respiratory therapy, speech language pathology, and occupational therapy services--HCFA. Final rule.

This final rule sets forth revisions to the salary equivalency guidelines for Medicare payment for the reasonable costs of physical therapy and respiratory therapy services furnished under arrangements by an outside contractor. This final rule also sets forth new salary equivalency guidelines for Medicare payment for the reasonable costs of speech language pathology and occupational therapy services furnished under arrangements by an outside contractor. The guidelines do not apply to inpatient hospital services and hospice services. The guidelines will be used by Medicare fiscal intermediaries to determine the maximum allowable cost of those services.

Medicaid↗
PubMed1991

Post laryngectomy rehabilitation the case for planned early speech therapy.

This study reflects the efficacy of planned early speech therapy on post laryngectomy rehabilitation. Not only do a larger number of laryngectomees acquire intelligible esophageal speech where therapy is instituted early but also the pace of development and quality of the speech is far superior when compared to those laryngectomees in whom speech therapy was delayed. This paper unequivocally supports the institution of planned early speech therapy in the successful rehabilitation of the laryngectomee. Such therapy can proceed simultaneously with the post operative radiation therapy sans deleterious effects and without prolonging hospital stay with its attendant overheads.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge and opinions of speech therapy in teachers, doctors and nurses.

Three types of professionals who were potential referers to the speech therapy service were questioned about their knowledge and opinions of speech therapy. The responses of qualified teachers, doctors and health visitors were compared with those of students at or near to the beginning of vocational training for these professions. The responses of practising and intending speech therapists were used as a baseline. Between 70% and 100% questionnaires were returned for each group, and a random sample of 33 from each (total 264) was analysed. The answers showed that teachers were the least well informed about many aspects of speech therapy, including the nature and location of the work and the range of disorders for which such therapy is available. In view of recent recommendations that teachers should cooperate with other professionals in working with those children with special needs who are now being educated in mainstream schools, there would seem to be a strong need for teacher training to include more information about speech therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Training assistants in cleft palate speech therapy in the developing world: a report.

This paper describes the training, which took place in Sri Lanka, of five speech therapy assistants in cleft palate speech therapy. The context in which this training occurred is described. The original aims of the training and the criteria drawn up for the selection of the assistants are contrasted with the modifications required to these, once the British therapists started working in Sri Lanka. Information is given on the training objectives, syllabus, curriculum, and methods of evaluation of the assistants' progress. The achievements of the assistants are described. Factors relating to the difficulties and ease with which the assistants were trained are highlighted. The paper concludes with a discussion of the cultural, political, and clinical problems encountered in this type of training, and highlights the special difficulties encountered in the training of assistants in the field of speech therapy in developing countries.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

[An evaluation of the speech therapy methods for patients after pharyngoplasty.].

PURPOSE: Speech therapy was carried out for patients with speech disorders after pharyngoplasty, and the comparison of speech articulation before and after treatment, was done to evaluate the new method. METHODS: 82 patients with the varying age from 4 to 31 years were included in the current study. The patients' speeches including syllables, word, phrase and sentence were compared before and after treatment according to Chinese Speech Intelligibility Testing Form. The systematic speech training was carried out according to the compensatory articulation characteristics. The steps were as follows. Firstly, the function of velopharyngeal closure should be strengthened. Secondly, the patients were trained with an average duration of 3.83 months (range from 1.5-12 months) according to the following three sequences: One was from phoneme, syllables, phrase, sentence to short paragraph or dialogue, another was from anterior to posterior according to the speech position, and the other was from easy to difficult according to the articulation method, such as from aspirated syllables to non-aspirated syllables, from plosive, fricative to affricative. RESULTS: There were 71 patients with compensatory articulation characteristic of velopharyngeal incompetence, the speech articulation of patients with glottis plosive increased from preoperative 46.27% to postoperative 97.16% (P<0.001). The speech articulation of patients with pharynx fricative increased from preoperative 57.19% to postoperative 97.72% (P<0.001). There were 11 patients with compensatory articulation characteristic of velopharyngeal adequacy, and the speech articulation of 11 patients with palatalized and lateral misarticulation increased from preoperative 71.10% to postoperative 98.55% (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The training of velopharyngeal closure should be emphasized on the patients with compensatory articulation resulting from velopharyngeal incompetence after pharyngoplasty, then the correct speech position and method was established. While to the patients with compensatory articulation without velopharyngeal incompetence after pharyngoplasty, the correct speech position and method could be directly established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical characteristics and speech therapy of lingua-apical articulation disorder].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and speech therapy of 62 children with lingua-apical articulation disorder. METHODS: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), Gesell development scales (Gesell), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Preschool Children (WPPSI) and speech test were performed for 62 children at the ages of 3 to 8 years with lingua-apical articulation disorder. PPVT was used to measure receptive vocabulary skills. GESELL and WPPSI were utilized to represent cognitive and non-verbal ability. The speech test was adopted to assess the speech development. The children received speech therapy and auxiliary oral-motor functional training once or twice a week. Firstly the target sound was identified according to the speech development milestone, then the method of speech localization was used to clarify the correct articulation placement and manner. It was needed to change food character and administer oral-motor functional training for children with oral motor dysfunction. RESULTS: The 62 cases with the apical articulation disorder were classified into four groups. The combined pattern of the articulation disorder was the most common (40 cases, 64.5%), the next was apico-dental disorder (15 cases, 24.2%). The third was palatal disorder (4 cases, 6.5%) and the last one was the linguo-alveolar disorder (3 cases, 4.8%). The substitution errors of velar were the most common (95.2%), the next was omission errors (30.6%) and the last was absence of aspiration (12.9%). Oral motor dysfunction was found in some children with problems such as disordered joint movement of tongue and head, unstable jaw, weak tongue strength and poor coordination of tongue movement. Some children had feeding problems such as preference of eating soft food, keeping food in mouths, eating slowly, and poor chewing. After 5 to 18 times of therapy, the effective rate of speech therapy reached 82.3%. CONCLUSION: The lingua-apical articulation disorders can be classified into four groups. The combined pattern of the articulation errors is the most common one. Most of the apical sounds are replaced by velar sounds. The speech localization method is very useful in the therapy of apical articulation disorder. For children with feeding problems and oral motor dysfunction, it is needed to improve food texture and administer oral motor skill training.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed2003

[Access to early speech therapy in Gironde: evaluation of a language-screening campaign for 4-year-old children (1999-2001)].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article was to evaluate the results of a prevention campaign on the access to early speech therapy for 4-year-old children. POPULATION AND METHODS: A prevention campaign of speech disorders was conducted in Gironde area in 1999, offering a systematic screening by ERTL4 test and free speech therapy. The campaign results were evaluated by quality and efficiency indicators. RESULTS: In 1999, 14037 children born in 1995 were included and 1363 children randomly selected from the schools benefited from the campaign. One child out of four failed in the screening test by ERTL4. The percentage of the assessment and speech therapy in the children of the campaign (16.0 and 8.2%) were significantly higher than the other children of the area (8.9 and 6.7%). CONCLUSION: The campaign evaluation has demonstrated its capacity to access to speech therapy for children language disorders, allowing gains of frequency and earlier treatment.

Child, Preschool↗