PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “SPINAL DISEASES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Analysis of cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein in cerebrospinal fluid From patients With spinal diseases.

STUDY DESIGN: The expression of cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP) was measured in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with spinal diseases. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the levels of CD-RAP in human cerebrospinal fluid and to clarify its character. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein is a newly discovered, secreted molecule that is expressed during the chondrogenesis phase of endochondral bone formation and in articular cartilage. In recent studies CD-RAP has been detected in the serum of patients with melanoma and breast cancer, and it has been used to monitor tumor activity. However, the function of CD-RAP is unknown, and the expression of CD-RAP in human cerebrospinal fluid has never been reported. METHODS: The concentration of CD-RAP in human cerebrospinal fluid was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with antihuman CD-RAP antibodies. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from two groups of patients. Group 1, the control group, consisted of 40 patients: 22 with trauma and 18 with gynecologic diseases. Group 2 consisted of 172 patients with spinal diseases: 5 with meningioma, 5 with neurinoma, 5 with arachnoid cyst, 30 with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, 35 with lumbar disc herniation, 56 with lumbar canal stenosis, and 36 with scoliosis. RESULTS: The concentration of CD-RAP in the control group was 16.5 +/- 8.3 ng/mL. The concentrations of CD-RAP in Group 2 were: 35.3 +/- 14.7 ng/mL in meningioma, 23.5 +/- 7.41 ng/mL in neurinoma, 26.0 +/- 22.2 ng/mL in arachnoid cyst, 41.7 +/- 22.3 ng/mL in cervical myelopathy, 27.8 +/- 14.7 ng/mL in lumbar disc herniation, 36.5 +/- 18.4 ng/mL in lumbar canal stenosis, and 13.4 +/- 7.48 ng/mL in scoliosis. The concentrations of CD-RAP in cervical myelopathy, lumbar canal stenosis, and lumbar disc herniation were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The CD-RAP concentration was low in the control group, whereas it was significantly higher in spinal diseases that cause spinal stenosis. CD-RAP is expressed in cerebrospinal fluid as a result of damage to or stressing of neural structures and could be a marker for spinal diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnosis of focal spinal diseases - a critical review].

The article offers a critical review of the diagnosis of focal diseases of the vertebral column, based on 200 histological vertebral column examinations. The findings obtained by means of the roentgenological, histological and bacteriological examinations can be subdivided into 6 groups: 1. Non-specific and specific cases of spondylitis (59 patients); 2. Systemic malignant diseases and primarily malignant tumours (23 patients); 3. Metastases (71 patients); 4. Benign tumours (11 patients); 5. Miscellaneous cases (28 patients) and 6. Unclarified cases (8 patients). The authors comment on the following points with specific reference to the results obtained by them: a) Possibilities and limitations of roentgenological diagnosis: roentgenologically, the inflammatory diseases are most easy to identify, but is not always possible to differentiate safely between non-specific, specific and plasmacellular spondylitis. There are clear limitations to the diagnosis of the type of focal diseases of the spinal column; this applies particularly to the benign and malignant types of tumours. b) Necessity of arriving at an accurate diagnosis: it is imperative to aim at an accurate diagnosis before any meaningful therapy can be initiated. The mandatory need for this is explained via examples covered by the present study. c) Closed or open biopsy: it is shown by means of a review of the literature that open biopsy yields more representative material for the histological examination than closed needle biopsy. It goes without saying that this is a true prerequisite for an accurate histological diagnosis. In this connection, the authors go into the details of the difficulties governing any histological examination. d) informative value of further additional examinations: Scintigraphy, tomography and computer tomography may be valuable aids in the discovery and better visualisation of a vertebral focus, but they are not helpful in arriving at a diagnosis regarding the type of focus involved. Laboratory examinations are not very helpful, either. e) Accuracy of the authors' own diagnostic measures: in spite of open biopsy, 177 cases only out of 200 (88%) could be diagnosed on a purely histological basis. In 12 further cases, diagnosis was established after correlation of the histological finding with the x-ray film. 8 cases (4%) could not be clarified. In 7 patients (3.5%) it must be assumed that the focus was not located despite open biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Degenerative spinal disease in large felids.

Degenerative spinal disorders, including intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis, seldom occur in domestic cats. In contrast, a retrospective study of 13 lions (Panthera leo), 16 tigers (Panthera tigris), 4 leopards (Panthera pardis), 1 snow leopard (Panthera uncia), and 3 jaguars (Panthera onca) from the Knoxville Zoo that died or were euthanatized from 1976 to 1996 indicated that degenerative spinal disease is an important problem in large nondomestic felids. The medical record, radiographic data, and the necropsy report of each animal were examined for evidence of intervertebral disc disease or spondylosis. Eight (three lions, four tigers, and one leopard) animals were diagnosed with degenerative spinal disease. Clinical signs included progressively decreased activity, moderate to severe rear limb muscle atrophy, chronic intermittent rear limb paresis, and ataxia. The age at onset of clinical signs was 10-19 yr (median = 18 yr). Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column was useful in assessing the severity of spinal lesions, and results were correlated with necropsy findings. Lesions were frequently multifocal, included intervertebral disc mineralization or herniation with collapsed intervertebral disc spaces, and were most common in the lumbar area but also involved cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Marked spondylosis was present in the cats with intervertebral disc disease, presumably subsequent to vertebral instability. Six of the animals' spinal cords were examined histologically, and five had acute or chronic damage to the spinal cord secondary to disc protrusion. Spinal disease should be suspected in geriatric large felids with decreased appetite or activity. Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column is the most useful method to assess the type and severity of spinal lesions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Medical complications of spinal cord disease.

Spinal cord injury increases the risk of many life-threatening medical problems, including respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, and renal failure. Respiratory failure results from paralysis of muscles of inspiration (which impairs oxygen transport to alveoli) and of expiration (which impairs cough and predisposes to pneumonia and atelectasis). Respiratory failure in patients with spinal cord injury can be prevented by proper positioning of the patient, training of ventilatory muscles, pulmonary toilet, and aggressive use of antibiotics and bronchodilators. When respiratory failure occurs, it can be managed by administration of oxygen, intubation, and mechanical ventilation, and in instances of paralysis of the diaphragm, by diaphragmatic pacing. The risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in acute spinal cord disease is increased by the immobilization of the patient and abnormalities in clotting factors. Thrombotic disease in spinal cord disease can be prevented by intermittent calf compression and heparinization. If pulmonary embolism develops, the patient should be started on a regimen of warfarin for at least 3 months. If anticoagulation is contraindicated, a Greenfield filter can be placed. However, concurrent use of quad cough places the patient at increased risk for complications from the Greenfield filter. Chronic pyelonephritis and systemic amyloidosis are the most common causes of renal failure in the patient with spinal cord disease. Renal failure can be prevented by maintaining a low postvoid residual volume, avoidance of indwelling catheters, use of medications that are not nephrotoxic, and rapid treatment of infection. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis can extend the life of the patient with spinal cord disease in whom renal failure develops, and successful use of renal transplantation has recently been reported.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Rectilinear bone scanning: differentiation between metastases and degenerative spinal disease.

Criteria have been developed for radioisotope scanning of bone with an eight-colour-display rectilinear scanner, to differentiate metastases from degenerative spinal disease. If the area of increased uptake is two or more colours "hotter" than normal, this is probably due to metastases even if degenerative spinal disease coexists. The positivity of a scan due to degenerative spinal disease is a function of the degree of sclerosis adjacent to the intervertebral discs and apophyseal joints; it is not related to the degree of osteophyte formation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

Impact of degenerative spinal diseases on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in elderly women.

Degenerative diseases of lumbar spine commonly noted in elderly people may affect their lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study is to determine whether the degree of degenerative spinal diseases is correlated with lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD. This study included 630 women age 60 years or over (mean age 73.3 +/- 6.9 years) visiting the Osteoporosis Outpatient Clinic at the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center. Subjects underwent anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the lumbar spine. The score of degenerative spinal diseases for each subject was calculated according to the scores for the Kellgren-Lawrence method, osteophyte formation, bone sclerosis, disk space narrowing, and spondylolisthesis involving L1-L2 through L4-L5 interspaces. Moreover, the number of vertebral fractures at L2 through L4 was recorded. The BMD of the second to fourth lumbar spine from anteroposterior projections and femoral neck were measured using an Expert-5000 (GE Lunar, Madison, WI USA). Most subjects had degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. Scores for the Kellgren-Lawrence method, osteophyte formation, bone sclerosis, disk space narrowing, and spondylolisthesis were positively correlated with lumbar spine BMD, while they were not correlated with femoral neck BMD. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the scores for osteophyte formation, bone sclerosis, and disk space narrowing were independently correlated with lumbar spine BMD. Thus, in this study, the scores for degenerative spinal diseases were correlated with lumbar spine BMD, while they were not correlated with femoral neck BMD. This discrepancy indicates that degenerative spinal diseases are associated with increased lumbar spine BMD measurements. Femoral neck BMD therefore may be more appropriate than lumbar spine BMD in evaluating osteoporosis in elderly women.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Surgical management of spinal disease in renal recipients.

OBJECT AND BACKGROUND: The survival of renal recipients improved dramatically and long-term survival of renal graft patients is common, which in turn increases the chance of these patients requiring spinal surgery. However, there are few appropriate reports about the results of spine surgery on renal recipients. This study was undertaken to analyze the authors' experience of spine surgery after renal transplantation. METHODS: Thirty-two renal recipients who underwent spine surgery with regular follow-up of more than 24 months were included in this study. The patients' medical records and the radiological reports were reviewed retrospectively and their postoperative conditions were evaluated during their regular visits or by telephone. RESULTS: The mean duration from the renal transplantation to spinal surgery was 6 +/- 1.2 yr. Among spinal diseases of renal recipients, there were 23 cases of degenerative spinal diseases, seven cases of vertebral compression fracture, and two spinal cord tumors. The operation methods were conventional spine surgery with or without bone fusion (27 cases), percutaneous vertebroplasty (three cases) and tumor resection (two cases). The mean values of the Prolo scale in the preoperative (4.5 +/- 0.3) and postoperative (7.4 +/- 0.4) period showed significant clinical improvement after the operation. Postoperative renal function was not deteriorated in any patients and there were no major complications. CONCLUSION: Spine surgery can be performed with acceptable clinical results and without major complications in renal recipients. Spine surgery has no aggravating effect on the patients' renal function. Surgery is a valuable, safe option for the treatment of spinal disease in this rare distinct group of patients.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Objective evaluation of pain in various spinal diseases: neuropeptide immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid.

A quantitative analysis was performed of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) and of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-ENDLI), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in various diseases. The results reported to date have not been consistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the concentration of SPLI or that of beta-ENDLI in CSF demonstrated any potential for assessing the degree of subjective pain in various spinal diseases. SPLI in CSF was measured by radioimmunoassay in 158 patients with a spinal disease; involving 57 patients with a lumbar disc herniation (LDH), 38 with lumbar canal stenosis (LCS), 46 with cervical myelopathy (CM) and 17 with cervical radiculopathy (CR), and also in 20 healthy controls. beta-ENDLI in CSF was measured in 25 of these same patients; involving 12 with LDH, seven with LCS and six with CM, and also five of the same controls. The concentration of serum SPLI was also measured in 50 of these 158. The severity of pain was self-evaluated by each patient using a linear visual analogue scale (VAS). Their Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was also calculated objectively using the clinical findings. Correlations were investigated among the concentrations of SPLI and beta-ENDLI in the CSF and the VAS and JOA clinical assessments of these patients. The concentration of SPLI in CSF was significantly higher in various spinal diseases than in control (P < 0.05), and was correlated with the severity on the VAS and with the JOA score. However, beta-ENDLI was not correlated with either the VAS or the JOA score. We conclude that the measurement of the SPLI concentration in CSF has the potential for assessing objectively the severity of pain associated with various spinal diseases.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Automatic spinal disease diagnoses assisted by 3D unaligned transverse CT slices.

This paper describes a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method and an automatic diagnosis method for spinal diseases using unaligned transverse slices that have arbitrary angles and intervals but do not intersect to each other at regions of interest. The 3D reconstruction method extends the marching cube algorithm to generate triangulated isosurfaces for these unaligned slices. The automatic spinal disease diagnostic method analyses boundaries of discs and vertebral bodies on unaligned transverse slices to estimate the presence and extent of disc herniation and canal compression, and deformities in the spinal curve. The prototype system can be used as a qualitative and quantitative tool for the diagnosis of various spinal diseases using unaligned transverse slices.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Scheuermann disease as predisposition of later spinal disease and its effect on expert assessment in occupational disease examinations].

The Scheuermanns disease is an illness of which the fluoride stage is described as a disorder in growth of the vertebral-intervertebral disk borderline. This stage of the illness ends with the finish of bone growth. Depending on the advanced alterations of the spinal column segments or of the statics of the spinal column up to that point, in later stages of life there will be a higher rate of diskopathies of the lumbar vertebrae and later on of the cervical vertebrae where it often causes arthrosis of the swivel joints. I.e. Morbus Scheuermann is a predisposition for the beginning of diskopathies and has to be added to the differential diagnostic investigation considerations for the examination of causality of the occupation diseases subparagraph 2108 to 2110. We find it justified that the Scheuermanns disease has to be included into the accompanying leaflet as a relevant pre-illness. The thorakal as well as the lumbarthorakal or lumbar manifestation has to be a competitive cause of vocational connection brought under discussion. That is the reason why all the more a preference of the expected segments is required as far as an essential partial cause with a vocational influence with the judgement is discussed. The same also applies to the judgement in a sense of deterioration.

Eligibility Determination↗
PubMed1999

[Ketamine infusion therapy for refractory neuralgia in spinal disease: report of two cases].

We report two cases of refractory pain in a spinal disease. One case was a 60-year-old male who presented intractable pain in bilateral upper extremities after anterior fusion (C5/6, 6/7) for cervical spondylosis. The other was a 63-year-old female who also had intractable pain in the left anterio-lateral chest wall with no remarkable past history. Both cases were refractory to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or minor tranquilizer or local anesthesia with bupivacaine. However, their pain was significantly relieved by the intravenous administration of a test dose (5mg) of ketamine which is a noncompetitive blocker of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. As for case 1, the effect of the injection of the test dose lasted, so continuing infusion therapy of ketamine was cancelled. In case 2, recurrence of the pain was recognized gradually. She underwent continuing infusion therapy of 2mg/kg of ketamine, and it brought about continued pain relief. We conclude that ketamine infusion therapy should also be considered for therapy of refractory neuralgia in spinal disease.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1992

Approach to the patient with spinal disease.

The approach to the patient suspected of having spinal disease should be methodical to assure an accurate diagnosis that is cost-effective with minimal risk to the patient. Using a problem-oriented approach will facilitate attaining this goal. A neurologic examination should enable the veterinarian to localize to one of four spinal cord segments or the cauda equina.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The role of vertebroplasty in metastatic spinal disease.

Many advances have been made in the treatment of metastatic spinal disease over the last few decades. Radiotherapy offers benefit and pain relief to many patients; however, this modality provides minimal vertebral stabilization. Surgical management consists of decompression and complex fusions. Vertebroplasty offers an adjuvant therapy to both radiotherapy and surgery by providing additional stabilization and pain relief. The results of case studies suggest that including vertebroplasty in the management of these patients is beneficial. In this article the authors review the role of vertebroplasty in metastatic spinal disease.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1993

[Contrast-enhanced MR imaging using double doses of gadolinium-DTPA in evaluating brain and spinal diseases].

Forty-one lesions of intracranial and spinal diseases underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at both standard-dose (0.1 mmol/kg) and double-dose (0.2 mmol/kg) levels of gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA in order to reassess the optimal dose of Gd-DTPA. Each patient received an initial injection of 0.1 mmol/kg and an additional dose of 0.1 mmol/kg 5 min later. In quantitative analysis of contrast enhancement ratios of the enhancing part of the lesion, choroid plexus, cavernous sinus and pituitary stalk were significantly (P < 0.01) increased in double-dose studies. For visual comparison, we defined delineation as the extent to which the lesion may be defined; detectability was defined as the ability to visualize the lesion. With respect to delineation, double-dose studies were superior to standard-dose studies in nine of 20 intraaxial tumor (four of eight malignant gliomas, three of eight benign gliomas and two of four metastatic brain tumors) and five of six cerebral infarcts. The detectability of the lesion was improved in four cases (one astrocytoma, two metastatic brain tumors and one cerebral infarct) in double-dose studies. It was concluded that contrast-enhanced MR imaging using double doses of Gd-DTPA may be useful in the detection and evaluation of the extent of intraaxial lesions enhanced by Gd-DTPA.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2003

A study of patients with spinal disease using Maudsley Personality Inventory.

We administered the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) preoperatively to 303 patients with spinal diseases about to undergo surgery. Patients younger than 20 years, patients previously treated in the Department of Psychiatry, and patients with poor postoperative results were excluded. Patients with N-scores (neuroticism scale) of 39 points or greater or L-scores (lie scale) of 26 points or greater were regarded as "abnormal." Based on clinical definitions we identified 24 "problem patients" during the course and categorized them as "Unsatisfied," "Indecisive," "Doctor shoppers," or "Distrustful." Preoperative MPI categorized 26 patients as abnormal; 22 patients categorized as abnormal became problem patients ( p<0.001). MPI sensitivity and specificity was 84.6% and 99.3%, respectively. Preoperative MPI to patients with spinal disease was found to be useful in detecting problem patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Vertebrospinal angiography in the evaluation of vertebral and spinal cord disease.

Spinal angiography is an infrequently performed radiologic procedure requiring much skill and knowledge for its proper application. Most commonly, spinal angiography is used in the diagnosis of spinal arteriovenous malformations and in the delineation of vascular tumors of the spinal cord. Less usual indications may include preoperative evaluation of the spinal cord vasculature prior to surgeries involving the descending thoracic aorta or ventrolateral approaches to the spine, particularly in patients undergoing repeat operations. Spinal angiography should address three crucial considerations for the surgeon or neurointerventionalist: (1) the exact location and anatomic configuration of the lesion, (2) the vascularity of a lesion and identification of all feeding and draining vessels, and (3) depiction of the regional vascular anatomy of the spinal cord in relation to the lesion. Considering the relatively longer length of the procedure, larger contrast volumes, and increased complexity (as measured by catheter exchanges required) of spinal angiography, however, certain angiographic techniques (e.g., digital subtraction angiography, the use of general anesthesia, or placement of a groin sheath to facilitate catheter exchanges) and the use of low osmolality contrast agents should be considered to improve the quality of the examination while reducing risk.

Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Indications for the use of Gd-DTPA in MRI of the central nervous system. Experiences in patients with cerebral and spinal diseases.

A total of 209 intracranial and spinal diseases were evaluated before and after administration of the paramagnetic contrast agent Gd-DTPA. The results justify the use of Gd-DTPA in intracranial and spinal tumors for better visualization of location and extent of a lesion and for better tissue differentiation. In inflammatory diseases Gd-DTPA allows the differentiation between active and chronic lesions.

Brain Neoplasms↗