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PubMed1957

Auto-radiographic determination of S35 in tissues after injection of methionine-S35 and sodium sulfate-S35.

The loss of "bound" S(35) that occurs during various mounting procedures used in autoradiography was studied in healing surface wounds of rats treated with either methionine-S(35) or Na(2)S(35)O(4). Valid autoradiography of bound S(35) in this tissue is not possible until 48 hours after radiosulfate and 24 hours after radiomethionine injection, when the S(35) is almost entirely bound in large protein and polysaccharide molecules. Autoradiograms of S(35) given in both the organic and inorganic form reveal substantial over-all loss of the bound isotope from sections subjected to contact with solvents prior to autoradiography. A comparison of autoradiograms prepared by dry-mounting sections of frozen-dried tissue with autoradiograms of wet-mounted sections of the same tissue suggest that the loss is proportional to the extent of the contact with solvents. Evidence suggests that loss of the isotope occurs during contact of the ribbon or section itself with solutions after fixation and cutting and prior to radiation exposure. No appreciable loss of the bound isotope seems to occur during contact of the intact tissue specimen with a variety of fluid fixatives except for a marginal zone at the excision edges of the tissue. The potential hazard of displacement of the isotope during fixation, however, remains. Technics which prevent loss of the isotope and fogging of the nuclear emulsion permit the use of thinner sections and emulsion films and the fine resolution of image rendered possible by the physical properties of S(35).

Animals↗
PubMed1954

Vitamin A and endochondral ossification in the rat as indicated by the use of sulfur-35 and phosphorus-32.

The administration of vitamin A to vitamin A-deficient rats resulted in a decreased concentration of inorganic sulfate-sulfur in the serum from a value of 2.5 mg. per cent to 1.8 mg. per cent, the latter being close to the value of 2.0 mg. per cent found in normal rats of the same age. The uptake of sulfate and phosphate by femurs and tibiae of vitamin A-deficient rats was less than that in normal rats of the same age. An increased uptake followed the administration of vitamin A: radioautography indicated that in the case of sulfate, its uptake was particularly increased in the epiphyseal cartilage; an increased uptake of phosphate was particularly evident in the diaphysis immediately adjacent to the epiphyseal cartilage plate. The specific activity of the sulfate-sulfur in the chondroitin sulfate samples isolated from the skeletons of vitamin A-deficient rats fell progressively as the deficiency continued. Following administration of vitamin A, the specific activity approached and exceeded the value given by the sample from the skeletons of normal rats of the same age. A substantial increase was found in the value of the specific activity of the sulfate-sulfur of sulfomucopolysaccharides isolated from skins of vitamin A-deficient rats that had been given vitamin A. Following administration of vitamin A to rats deficient in this vitamin, an increased accumulation of some sulfur-containing material was found in regions of active calcification.

Animals↗
PubMed1954

Vitamin D and endochondral ossification in the rat as indicated by the use of sulfur-35 and phosphorus-32.

The concentration of inorganic sulfate-sulfur in the serum of vitamin D-deficient rats, 2.6 to 3.5 mg. per cent, was found to be higher than that in the serum of normal rats of the same age, 2.0 mg. per cent. No change was observed following the administration of 25 gamma of vitamin D(2). In accord with the results of others, it was found that a definitely increased deposition of phosphorus in femurs and tibiae had occurred 36 to 48 hours after the administration of vitamin D(2) to vitamin D-deficient rats. An immediate increase in the uptake of sulfate by the skeleton was found using sodium sulfate-S(35). As measured by the specific activity of sulfate-sulfur in samples of chondroitin sulfate isolated from the skeletons of the vitamin D-deficient animals and from normal controls receiving equal doses of sulfur-35, the rate of synthesis of chondroitin sulfate in rachitic rats is similar to the rate in normal rats of the same age. Likewise, the incorporation of labelled sulfate into the sulfomuco-polysaccharides of the pelts was found to be equal at 12 hours to that in normal rats. Following the administration of vitamin D(2) to deficient animals an increase in the rate of synthesis of the chondroitin sulfate of the skeletons was noted. The radiochemical and radioautographic evidence suggest that there is in vitamin D-deficient rats an impaired utilization of chondroitin sulfate and that vitamin D(2) is able to accelerate this process.

Animals↗
PubMed1960

Increased fixation of sulfur-35 by cartilage in vitro following depletion of the matrix by intravenous papain.

The uptake in vitro of sulfur-35 by costal cartilage obtained from nine rabbits 11 days after an intravenous injection of crude papain solution was compared with that in costal cartilage from eight normal untreated rabbits. An increased fixation of the isotope was found in treated animals compared with controls. The depletion of cartilage matrix by papain provided an experimental situation to test the hypothesis that the depletion of matrix which occurs in osteoarthritic cartilage can stimulate increased synthesis of chondroitin sulfate. The results give further support to the view that the primary lesion in osteoarthritis occurs in the matrix rather than in the chondrocyte of articular cartilage.

Animals↗