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General practitioners as providers of minor surgery--a success story?

BACKGROUND: It is now recognized that many minor surgical procedures can be appropriately performed in a general practitioner setting; the government has introduced a list of minor operations, for which it is prepared to pay a limited fee, and it is now time to see whether this service can be expanded. AIM: To demonstrate that a group of general practitioners (GPs) with a particular interest in minor surgery can offer an expanded service both to their own patients and also to the patients of neighbouring colleagues, whether fundholding or non-fundholding, within a health authority area. METHOD: The West Kent Health Authority awarded a contract for 500 minor operations to a group practice of five GPs. At the end of the first year, 511 operations had been performed, and the results and implications are discussed. RESULTS: The target of 500 minor operations was met and passed in the first year. Thirty-five neighbouring GPs referred their patients directly. All were offered an initial appointment within one week and had their operation performed within one month, unless they had expressed a preference for an alternative date. Several unsuspected malignancies were discovered-no complications were recorded, patients' and referring doctors' satisfaction was high and the scheme was judged to have been a success in their eyes. CONCLUSION: GPs can provide an efficient, cost-effective minor surgery service, which is popular with patients and referring colleagues. Whether this is the way we wish to organize minor surgery in the future needs further discussion.

Delivery of Health Care↗

[Economic impact of the introduction of a minor surgery program in primary care].

OBJECTIVE: To value the economic impact of implantation (establishment) of a minor surgery programme within health area of primary care in Albacete (Spain). SETTING: Primary care (PC). DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Interventions and measurements. It has been recorded some patients operated on subsidiary minor surgery pathologies in the three health centers of Albacete area that participated in pilot experience from 1 November 1997 to 30 October 1998. It has been calculated the fixed costs corresponding to sanitary staff and the repayment of chirurgical area daily. As well, it were calculated the costs corresponding to disposable and not disposable equipment. It were analysed costs in function of intervention and the total cost were compared with the cost it would have supposed if it would carried out in specialized private centers according to up to dated fees of 1998 insurance companies. MAIN RESULTS: During the study interval were operated on 185 patients with an average age of 64,5 years (SD +/- 21,4) with a slight predominance of women. All pathologies treated were benign, 39 cases were abscess, 38 were nail pathology, and 35 were foreign bodies removed.Cost were calculated on the basis of time of one year. Total cost of minor surgery programme were 1.234.440 Pts (7715 Euros) whereas if it would have carried out at specialized level it supposed between 2621450 Pts (15755.23 Euros) and 4440000 Pts (26684.94 Euros). CONCLUSION: In our study, the minor surgery programme in primary care diminish the cost in comparison with private specialized level, at the same time as reducing standby list in specialities like surgery or dermatology.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗

Developing the nurse practitioner's role in minor surgery.

The role of a minor surgery nurse practitioner has been developed to benefit patients, the hospital trust and the nurse herself. An experienced theatre nurse was given intensive training by the surgical team, enabling her to provide a one-stop clinic for minor surgical procedures. Using local anaesthesia, the nurse removes common lesions such as moles, cysts and lipomas. Patients can bypass the wait for an outpatient appointment and subsequent day surgery. The success of the project has led to the introduction of a course in minor surgical skills for nurse practitioners in a range of specialties including dermatology, accident and emergency and primary care. The aim is to develop joint training for junior doctors and nursing staff.

Clinical Competence↗

[Minor surgery].

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General Surgery↗

[Minor surgery].

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General Surgery↗

[Minor surgery].

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General Surgery↗

[Minor surgery].

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General Surgery↗

[Minor surgery].

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General Surgery↗

[Minor surgery].

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General Surgery↗

[Minor surgery].

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General Surgery↗

[Efficiency of minor surgery in primary care according to the costs].

AIM: To quantify the cost of minor surgery in our health district during a year, by examining the amounts charged. To find the degree of clinical/pathological correlation and the number of complications, as indirect indicators of quality. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study. SETTING: Primary care, Río Nacimiento Health District, Abla (Almería). PARTICIPANTS: The study included all those patients attended within the minor surgery programme in the year 2000, and all the procedures used (84 patients and 95 procedures). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The variables analysed were: type of procedure and surgery, clinical/pathological correlation, early surgical complications, and cost per procedure. We calculated the cost of our activity on the basis of: a) cost occasioned at the health centre; b) what a medical insurance company would bill; c) what a primary care district would bill, and d) what a health service hospital would bill. RESULTS: 95 procedures in 84 patients were examined. 31 samples were sent to pathology with a clinical-pathological correlation of 77.42%. No complications were recorded. At our centre the cost was 817.18 euros. An insurance company would have charged 8803.63 euros; a PC district, 4852.03 euros; and a health service hospital, 14 015.39 euros. CONCLUSION: The minor surgery performed at our health centre by our team was more cost-effective than if it was performed in other public or private centres with high standards of quality.

Adolescent↗

Cost effectiveness of minor surgery in general practice: a prospective comparison with hospital practice.

The cost effectiveness of general practitioners undertaking minor surgery in their practices was determined in a prospective comparison of patients having minor surgery undertaken in five general practices over a 12 week period in 1989, and in the departments of dermatology and general surgery in Rotherham District General Hospital over a contemporaneous eight week period. There were no differences between the settings in the reported rates of wound infection or other complications and only one general practice patient was subsequently referred to hospital for specialist treatment. General practitioners sent a smaller proportion of specimens to a histopathology laboratory than hospital doctors (61% versus 90%, P less than 0.001); incorrectly diagnosed a larger proportion of malignant conditions as benign (10% versus 1%, P less than 0.05) and inadequately excised 5% of lesions where this never happened in hospital (difference not significant). General practice patients had shorter waiting times between referral and treatment, spent less time and money attending for treatment and more of them were satisfied with their treatment. The cost of a procedure undertaken in general practice was less than in hospital--pounds 33.53 versus pounds 45.54 for the excision of a lesion and pounds 3.00 versus pounds 3.22 for cryotherapy of a wart (1989-90 prices). Performing minor surgery in general practice would seem cost effective compared with a hospital setting. However, the risk of general practitioners inadequately excising a malignancy and not sending it to a histopathology laboratory must be addressed and the conclusion regarding cost effectiveness only applies where general practice is a substitute for the hospital setting and not an additional activity.

Case-Control Studies↗

Cognitive dysfunction after minor surgery in the elderly.

BACKGROUND: Major surgery is frequently associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients. Type of surgery and hospitalization may be important prognostic factors. The aims of the study were to find the incidence and risk factors for POCD in elderly patients undergoing minor surgery. METHODS: We enrolled 372 patients aged greater than 60 years scheduled for minor surgery under general anesthesia. According to local practice, patients were allocated to either in- (199) or out-patient (173) care. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing preoperatively and 7 days and 3 months postoperatively. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was defined using Z-score analysis. RESULTS: At 7 days, the incidence (confidence interval) of POCD in patients undergoing minor surgery was 6.8% (4.3-10.1). At 3 months the incidence of POCD was 6.6% (4.1-10.0). Logistic regression analysis identified the following significant risk factors: age greater than 70 years (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8 [1.7-8.7], P = 0.01) and in- vs. out-patient surgery (OR: 2.8 [1.2-6.3], P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding of less cognitive dysfunction in the first postoperative week in elderly patients undergoing minor surgery on an out-patient basis supports a strategy of avoiding hospitalization of older patients when possible.

Aged↗

Minor surgery at hospitals and clinics in a Kenyan district.

BACKGROUND: Minor surgical operations are performed at almost all hospitals, health centres and dispensaries in Africa. A large proportion of the operations are urgent, prompted by injuries and acute infections. They are rarely recorded and reported systematically, and rates and patterns are poorly known. OBJECTIVE: To describe of all minor surgery performed on a rural African population during one year. DESIGN: Prospective recording and analysis of minor surgical procedures and of the patients undergoing the same procedures. SETTING: Hospitals, health centres, dispensaries and mission clinics in Meru district, Kenya. RESULTS: Out of 26,858 minor operations performed (2,066/100,000 people/year) 22,838 were done at the five hospitals in the district while 2,510 were done at 49 mission clinics (4.3/clinic/month), 764 at ten health centres (6.4/health centre/month) and 620 at 29 dispensaries (1.8/dispensary/month). The most common operations were episiotomy, tooth extraction, wound suture and incision and drainage of abscess. More minor surgery is done on women than on men, and the difference is related to obstetrical procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Relatively few operations were performed at health centres, dispensaries and mission clinics. Possible explanations include perceived quality of care, staff motivation, poor service access outside office hours and service charges.

Adolescent↗