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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1957

The leech as a potential virus reservoir.

Leeches, fed on swine infected with hog cholera, contained virus for as long as 87 days after their infective blood meals. In three instances, infected leeches apparently transmitted hog cholera virus to susceptible swine in the process of normal feeding. Myxoma virus persisted in leeches for as long as 154 days after the ingestion of a blood meal from rabbits with myxomatosis. Leeches fed consecutively, first on swine with hog cholera, and later on rabbits with myxomatosis, acquired both viruses. In such dually infected leeches, the hog cholera virus persisted for as long as 122 days and the myxoma virus for as long as 110 days, the longest periods tested. Leeches fed consecutively, first on rabbits with myxomatosis, and later on swine with hog cholera, acquired only the myxoma virus. Hog cholera virus could not be demonstrated in such dually fed leeches. Myxoma and hog cholera viruses appeared to be present in about equivalent amounts in the anterior and posterior thirds of the bodies of infected leeches. Myxoma and hog cholera viruses were present in the bloody gut contents of infected leeches but were not demonstrable in the body tissues of these leeches. It seems from the findings presented that leeches are not biological carriers of either myxoma or hog cholera virus but instead carry these two agents mechanically in their gastrointestinal tracts. In doing this, they appear to protect the viruses from various deleterious chemical and physical influences to which they would have been exposed in the open. It is speculated that leeches could play a role in nature in perpetuating the blood-borne viruses of certain diseases in which close association with bodies of fresh water is of epidemiological importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1958

The swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for hog cholera virus. I. The provocation of masked hog cholera virus in lungworm-infested swine by ascaris larvae.

Evidence that the swine lungworm can serve as reservoir and intermediate host for the hog cholera virus has been presented. The virus, however, is ordinarily carried in a masked form and must be provoked to pathogenicity by some stress before it can cause apparent disease. In the present experiments, ascaris larvae supplied the provocation needed to induce hog cholera in swine carrying lungworms infected with masked hog cholera virus. Provocation of the masked virus by ascaris larvae was seasonal in that it was effective only during a period embracing the first 5 months of the year.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Transmission of swine influenza virus by lungworm migration.

Experimental evidence is presented which confirms the reports by Shope (1, 2) that swine lungworms can serve as an intermediate host in transmitting swine influenza virus to pigs. The virus is present in a masked non-infective form as he showed and a provocative stimulus is necessary to initiate infection. Multiple injections of Ascaris extract or the migration of Ascaris larvae furnished the needed provocation. The virus could be elicited in the spring and summer as well as fall and winter, from the pathogen-free, colostrum-deprived pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Escherichia coli associated with colostrum-free neonatal pigs raised in isolation.

Escherichia coli 08 was the most frequent coliform isolated from the blood and liver of morbid and dead neonatal, colostrum-free piglets raised under extremely sanitary conditions. This strain accounted for 67 per cent of the typable E. coli. The next most numerous strain occurred at a frequency of 6 per cent. Hence, E. coli 08 was considered the main coli enteropathogen in our experimental, isolated environment. In random samples of the feces of healthy and diarrhetic neonatal piglets, 24 per cent of the typable E. coli was type 08. When a directed effort was made to isolate E. coli 08 from the feces of neonatal piglets in a healthy, colostrum-free litter, this strain was isolated from 17 per cent of the total E. coli colonies examined. Thus, the enteropathogen E. coli 08 was ubiquitous in the feces of piglets in our environment, making up approximately 20 per cent of the fecal E. coli. 85 per cent of the bacteremia and death in which E. coli was isolated from blood or liver occurred in piglets fed diets void in bovine and porcine gamma globulin. Tube agglutination tests demonstrated that agglutinins to E. coli 08, and other serotypes as well, were present in bovine colostrum and to a lesser extent in porcine colostrum. These agglutinins were practically lacking in solutions of porcine and bovine gamma globulin. Feeding 10(9)E. coli 08 bacteria to 2-week-old, colostrum-free, gamma globulin-free, 08 agglutinin-free piglets did not produce visible disease.

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