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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Towards time-resolved MicroED grid preparation using mix-and-inject gas dynamic virtual nozzles.

Recent progress in gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) technologies in combination with high-brilliance synchrotron and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has allowed the visualization of protein dynamics in crystallo by mixing macromolecular protein crystals with a substrate using tunable mixing times on the order of milliseconds to seconds prior to serial X-ray diffraction data collection. This has become the method of choice for high-resolution structure determination of intermediate states. However, such experiments require large counts of crystals of proper sizes for high-resolution data collection, and premium beam times for screening efforts. Cryogenic microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) represents a complementary technique that may be a more accessible avenue for time-resolved nanocrystallography compared with serial X-ray diffraction experiments. MicroED can produce full diffraction datasets from just a few submicrometre-thick crystals, and the approach is more readily accessible, requiring standard cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipment available at many universities and institutes. Cryogenic MicroED, like other forms of cryo-EM, begins with rapidly freezing biological material on electron microscopy grids. In the case of MicroED, micro- to nano-crystals (<500&#x2005;nm thick) are deposited onto electron microscopy grids and plunge-frozen for subsequent electron diffraction data collection. Here, we have incorporated GDVN technology developed originally for XFEL experiments into the freezing process as a first step towards time-resolved studies. We describe the limited deposition efficiency of the model MicroED protein proteinase K on TEM grids using GDVNs, preceding sample vitrification and successful MicroED data collection. We discuss both the initial results from such experiments and the methodological challenges in developing this approach into a reliable workflow for millisecond-to-second time-resolved structural studies of macromolecules. Our results promise a strategy to deposit crystals on grids using GDVNs and determine high-resolution structures by MicroED, constituting a first step towards development of time-resolved MicroED experiments.

MicroED↗
PubMed1978

Blood pressure measurement in the United Kingdom Heart Disease Prevention Project.

A blood pressure measurement was part of a cardiovascular screening examination of 8397 middle-aged men taking part in the intervention section of the United Kingdom Heart Disease Prevention Project. Standardised training techniques reduced observer bias to acceptable limits in four out of a total of five observers. The time of day and room temperature both made significant differences to the blood pressure measurement. High room temperatures in particular apparently had a marked effect in reducing the level of blood pressure. There were consistent and large positive associations with increasing age and overweight. The survey revealed a poor degree of blood pressure control in the community at the time of screening--only 7% of the "hypertensive" population had their diastolic pressure controlled to below 100 mm Hg.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The value of glaucoma screening (author's transl)].

During screening procedures in Nordrhein-Westfalen in 1976 more than 100,000 persons had their, i.o. pressure measured for the first time. The results are now available from 66,957 subjects. From these 59,037 had a normal i.o. pressure, 6.941 had raised i.o. pressure, and in 979 subjects the i.o. pressure was very high. This was the first time that screening procedures on a large scale were carried out exclusively with the applanation tonometer. This procedure was carried out as part of a campaign to make the illness of glaucoma better known to the public.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1978

Lung tomography in cancer patients. Full-lung tomograms in screening for pulmonary metastases.

In a retrospective study of the cases of 415 patients with various malignant neoplasms, full-lung tomography and conventional chest roentgenography were compared for accuracy in the detection of pulmonary metastases. Sufficient information was available on 410 patients to permit confirmation as to whether pulmonary metastases were present at the time of screening chest roentgenographic and tomographic examinations. On screening by routine chest roentgenography, metastases were detected in 36 patients, 66.7% of the total with confirmed metastatic disease. Screening by full-lung tomography identified metastases in 51 (94.4%). Fifteen patients with normal chest roentgenograms had metastatic lesions on tomograms. Metastases were detected in 8.8% by chest roentgenograms and in 12.4% by tomograms in a population of cancer patients with a 13.2% incidence of pathologically confirmed metastatic lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ontogeny of bovine hemostasis.

Ontogeny of selected hemostatic system components was studied in 120 bovine fetuses which had been divided into eight monthly gestational age groups. Fetal blood was subjected to the following tests: platelet count, partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen quantitation, and assays for prothrombin and factors V and VIII. Platelet numbers corresponding to adult numbers were in fetal blood at least as early as gestation day 60, and their numbers varied only slightly thereafter. Bovine blood was incapable of in vitro coagulation at gestation day 90, with all samples coagulating by gestation day 150. Fetal coagulation screening test times (partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time) shortened during gestation and were near times of adults at birth. Of the four individual coagulation factors tested, only factor VIII reached adult values in the fetus in utero. Amounts of fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V and VIII in the neonate exceeded that of normal adult cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The nonstress test.

Antepartum fetal evaluation by heart rate monitoring was carried out on a clinical service during a 1-year period utilizing the nonstress test as the primary screening device. Nonreactive nonstress tests were supplemented by the oxytocin contraction stress test. In this study, the use of the nonstress test appropriately led to the identification of all fetuses who were in jeopardy and, in the majority of instances, identified fetuses in good condition who did not require the administration of oxytocin to determine fetal well-being. In our experience, the nonstress test is a reliable, inexpensive, convenient, time-saving screening procedure which can be made available to a greater number of patients than the contraction stress test alone.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Red blood cell acid phosphatase: ambiguity in phenotype and activity estimations in the proof of the "single allele" states.

A population sample of sick children was analyzed for the phenotypes and enzymatic activity of the erythrocyte acid phosphatase. These data were statistically examined for the reliability with which the enzymatic activity of a given phenotype, supposed to be derived from a single allele in the phosphatase gene locus, may be used as a decisive criterion in distinguishing such an event from the normal states with the fully functioning pair of alleles. Due to the overlapping of the statistical distribution curves of the normal and defective kins os isozymes, dependent on the relation of x and s, ranges of activity are shown where the measured enzymic activity is not conclusive for the judgement on the number of acting alleles, on the chosen probability level. On the same basis a time saving screening system is proposed for the inteded search for the single-allele states of the phosphatase isozymes; some consequences for the paternity tests with the RBC phosphatase are also mentioned.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

[Prospective study in posttransfusion hepatitis in patients with open heart surgery (author's transl)].

In a prospective study in posttransfusion hepatitis 54 patients with open heart surgery received 220 blood units which were negative for HBS Ag by radioimmunoassay. 15 of these units contained anti-HBS and were given to 13 antibody negative patients. In a half year follow up period neither clinical nor biochemical (SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GT) signs of hepatitis could be found in these patients and neither HBS Ag nor anti-HBS developed. At the same time a screening for HBS Ag of hospital staff in contact with these patients revealed no carrier of the antigen. Therefore, the lack of any hepatitis in our relatively small study group may be attributable to two facts: the relative safety of blood screened by highly sensitive methods for the detection of HBS Ag and the noninfectious environment of these patients in the hospital during the observation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Mammograms on medichrome film.

When medichrome film is vacuum packed and used in combination with a single high definition intensifying screen exposure times of 0.06-0.1 s and a skin radiation dosage 0.5 rad per exposure can be achieved. The diagnostic accuracy of the system is similar to that obtained on conventional black and white film currently used for mammography.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Maternal anemia and the risk of preterm birth: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Globally, preterm birth continues to be a primary contributor to neonatal complications and fatalities. Anemia among the most common nutritional disorders in pregnancy has been proposed as a potential contributor to early delivery. Although extensively studied, the available evidence does not yet provide a clear consensus. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the relationship between maternal anemia and the risk of preterm birth. METHODS: This meta-analysis was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the MOOSE checklist. A systematic and exhaustive search was performed across multiple electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies published from inception to 1 January 2025. Effect sizes were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 45 articles, reporting 60 independent study populations&#xa0;comprising 2,119,392 pregnant individuals were included. Considerable heterogeneity was found across the included studies (I2 = 95.54%, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), which justified the application of a random-effects model for pooling effect sizes. Maternal anemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (pooled odds ratio[OR]&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.36, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Despite substantial heterogeneity, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this association. The relationship was strongest in studies conducted in Asia (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.22-1.40; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and the Europe (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08-1.41; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.001) and reached statistical significance when anemia was assessed during the first trimester (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.51; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.007) and the third trimester (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.42-1.91; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), while no significant associations were found in the second trimesters (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.22; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.05). Funnel plot asymmetry and a significant Egger's test (p = 0.001) indicated potential publication bias, although Begg's test was not significant (p = 0.425). CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence suggests that maternal anemia, particularly in the third trimester, is significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. These findings emphasize the clinical imperative for comprehensive and timely anemia screening during the third trimester. Integrating targeted interventions such as iron and micronutrient supplementation, is essential to mitigate the risk of preterm delivery and improve neonatal outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

A rapid screening test for Cushing's syndrome.

A combination test consisting of two parts, a single dose of dexamethasone and a (1-24) ACTH injection, has been used for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. The test was performed by administering 1 mg dexamethasone orally at 11 p.m. on the first day and 25 IU synthetic ACTH i.v. at 8 a.m. on the second day. Plasma cortisol was determined at 8 a.m. on the first and second day and 1-1/2 and 2 hours after the ACTH injection. The test was performed in 33 patients with Cushing's syndrome and in 114 controls without adrenal disease. After dexamethasone administration alone, cortisol values frequently overlapped between patients with Cushing's syndrome and controls. The validity of the test was considerably improved by adding ACTH stimulation. The test procedure is recommended as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome in ambulatory practice.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1978

The Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasm Research Project. Symptoms in occult lung cancer.

In a prospective study of 6,027 older men screened every six months for ten years by means of chest photofluorograms and questionnaires regarding symptoms, 121 developed lung cancer after the first examination. Eighty-five men with lung cancer had the opportunity to be screened eight times before the tumor was detected by chest x-ray film, but only 33 actually reported that often. These 33 men were compared with matched controls for symptoms before the neoplasm was detected radiologically. The common symptoms of expectoration and chronic cough showed a significant increase in frequency over time in the cases of cancer, while only expectoration showed a slight increase in the controls. Uncommon symptoms more suggestive of lung cancer (hemoptysis and worsening cough) occurred in only four men prior to detection of cancer. Symptoms are seldom useful in the detection of occult lung cancer, but the appearance of expectoration and chronic cough in older male smokers should raise a suspicion of this disease.

Chronic Disease↗