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PubMed1977

Behaviour therapy for psychosexual dysfunction.

Behaviour therapy is defined, and the therapeutic approach evolved by Masters and Johnson described. Their key concept of the desirability of treating couples and using co-therapists is evaluated in the light of research findings. It would seem that co-therapy is desirable, but a single therapist can do useful work with a single patient, a couple, or a group of couples using a behaviour therapy framework. Two illustrative cases are described.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Couple heterosexual dysfunction in relation to homosexual latency (author's transl)].

Clinical experience of couple and sexological consultations indicates that some symptoms find in the heterosexual couple are the expression of a nevrotic solution of latent homosexual tendencies. This means that homosexual tendencies are repressed, or actualized through an imaginary elaboration or a symbolic one, by staying unconscious or manifesting through acting in a state of obnubilation. These different situations are illustrated by sexual dysfunctions (some forms of impotence and frigidity), hostile rejection and homosexual panic, jalousy, triolism and alcoholic aspects. This brief analysis is concluded by some reflexions from the clinical, social, couple and individual points of view.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1977

[Mass-hysteria with Koro-symptoms in Thailand].

Koro, a psychogenic anxiety syndrome interfering with genital body image and sexual functioning, has hitherto been described as occurring mainly in isolated cases of South Chinese males. The present communication reports an epidemic outbreak in November 1976 in Northeastern Thailand where within a few days at least 200 patients, most of them Thai and two-thirds males, were treated at local hospitals. Main presenting symptoms were acute anxiety, in some cases leading to fainting, (subjective) shrinking of the penis and impotency in men, shrinking and/or itching of the external genitals and frigidity in women; further complaints included initial nausea and dizziness, abdominal pains, headaches, facial numbness. All patients recovered after brief symptomatic intervention. Popular opinion and news media echoed the patients' paranoid projection of viewing the epidemic as caused by Vietnamese food and tobacco poisoning in a hideous assault against the sexual vitality and general health of the Thai people, in the context of a specific socio-cultural and politico-historical situation. It appears that an adequate interpretation of Koro and of analogous hysterical symptom formation would have to go beyond the hitherto applied psychoanalytic models by considering the specific sociodynamic factors involved in the pathogenesis of such phenomena.

Anxiety, Castration↗
PubMed1976

Sex therapy: considerations in the selection of patients.

Sex therapy has proven helpful for many patients with sexual dysfunctions. In judging the appropriateness of this new treatment procedure the clinician should determine the following: that a sexual dysfunction exists, that a stable couple relationship exists, that there are no major marital, psychiatric or physical problems that are etiologically important or that would interfere with treatment, and that both partners are willing to engage in a treatment program.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Differential patterns of arousal in sexually functional and dysfunctional women: physiological and subjective components of sexual response.

Physiological and subjective patterns of sexual arousal were compared for sexually functional and dysfunctional women. Previous studies revealed seemingly contradictory findings: Some found significant group differences on physiological but not on subjective responses to erotic stimuli, whereas others found the opposite. To reconcile this discrepancy, subjects were presented with edited versions of the three erotic videotapes used in previous studies. Sexual arousal was measured physiologically with a vaginal photoplethysmograph, and subjectively with a self-report rating scale. Previous methodology was systematically replicated and extended by developing alternate physiological data collection and reduction techniques, employing alternate methods of subjective assessment, evaluating the arousal-eliciting capacity of the erotic stimuli, and designing scripts to reduce social demand. Results indicated that dysfunctional women exhibited significantly less physiological and subjectively experienced sexual arousal than functional women in all three stimulus conditions. Dysfunctional women also reported significantly less autonomic arousal. Results (i) replicate several seemingly contradictory findings in the literature, (ii) reconcile and provide evidence supporting an explanation for the apparent discrepancy, and (iii) reveal that subjective experience and genital vasocongestion are two primary components of sexual arousal that reliably discriminate dysfunctional from functional patterns of sexual response in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Marital sexual dysfunction: female dysfunctions.

The diagnosis, treatment, and referral of married women with sexual dysfunctions require information about the current physiologic deficit, previous sexual capacity, level of sexual desire, masturbatory experience, means of orgasmic attainment, preferred sexual partner, quality of marriage, husband's sexual capacities, and method of contraception. For classification purposes, the three basic physiologic deficits--excitement phase dysfunction, orgasmic phase dysfunction, and vaginismus--are subdivided into primary and secondary types. Primary dysfunctions represent longstanding developmental problems and are usually purely psychological in origin. Secondary dysfunctions occur after a period of normal sexual functioning and may be organic or psychological in origin. The actual determinants of dysfunctions are not well understood, but those factors commonly associated are discussed. The lack of knowledge about the nature of sexual desire, prevalence of dysfunctions, and significance of the inability to attain orgasm with coitus is emphasized. The physician's role in giving advice and treatment is defined.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sexuality in older women.

A host of biological and psychosocial factors play an important role in age-related changes of female sexuality. The most important of these are the availability of a sexually active partner and presence of concurrent illnesses. Some of the age-related changes in physiological indicators of sexual function, such as vaginal blood flow, are the result of estrogen deficiency, and as such are essentially reversible. Despite the inherent limitations of many studies in female sexuality, a significant degree of objective measurements has been reported in the literature. Future research should focus on developing appropriate techniques for quantitative estimation of sexual response in women. The need for love and sexual intimacy does not diminish with age, and sexual history should be part of the clinical evaluation of older patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Androgens and male sexual function: a review of human studies.

The scope of this article will be a review and brief discussion of recently gathered information on androgens and sexual behavior in men. It will include experimental observations on the covariance between androgens, mainly testosterone, and sexual functioning in normal heterosexual men and studies on sexual dysfunction and homo-sexual behavior. The effects of castration, hypogonadal conditions, hormonal replacement, and endogenous testosterone variations on sexual behavior are examined. Further psychoendocrine studies, are necessary to evaluate the role of gonadal hormone production in impotency. Current pharmacological research does not furnish specific evidence, that the administration of androgens or preparations that stimulate the secretion of endogenous androgens have beneficial effects on functional impotence. After reviewing the studies on male homosexuality and androgen levels, the article concludes that it has not been established that homosexual men are characterized by abnormalities in plasma testosterone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Sex counseling of the elderly.

A sympathetic, nonjudgmental approach may reveal sexual dissatisfactions to be the basis of vague complaints about health, opening the way to counseling, changes in drug regimens, and referrals that can greatly improve quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Sexual dysfunction in cancer patients.

As a result of the convergence of increased numbers of cancer survivors, heightened awareness of quality of life issues and improved methods of treatment with sex therapy, the problem of sexual dysfunction after cancer treatment is receiving increased attention. In this article, the recent literature is reviewed by tumor site, including breast, bladder, colorectal, gynecologic, testicular, prostate, and other malignancies. Limitations and advances in the available literature are discussed, and recommendations for future research and clinical work are made.

Adolescent↗